Editing Serfdom (section)

==Emancipation dates by country==
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* [[Scotland]]: neyfs (serfs) disappeared by the late 14th century,<ref>Richard Oram, 'Rural society: 1. medieval', in Michael Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'' (Oxford: University Press, 2005), p. 549.</ref> except in the salt and coal mining industries, where a form of serfdom survived until the [[Colliers (Scotland) Act 1799]].<ref name=":0">J. A. Cannon, 'Serfdom', in John Cannon (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to British History'' (Oxford: University Press, 2002), p. 852.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Act of Parliament 1799 relating to Colliers in Scotland |url=https://www.hoodfamily.info/coal/law1799act.html |website=www.hoodfamily.info |access-date=7 February 2024 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020093554/https://www.hoodfamily.info/coal/law1799act.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[England and Wales]]: obsolete by 15th–16th century.<ref name=":0"/>
* [[Wallachia]]: 5 August 1746<ref name="Djuvara">{{Cite book|title=Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne|last=Djuvara|first=Neagu |publisher=[[Humanitas publishing house]] |year=2009|isbn=978-973-50-2490-1|pages=276}}</ref> (land reforms in 1864)
* [[Moldavia]]: 6 August 1749<ref name="Djuvara" /> (land reforms in 1864)
* [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Piedmont-Sardinia]]: 19 December 1771
* [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]]: 1 November 1781 (first step; second step: 1848)
* [[Bohemia]]: 1 November 1781 (first step; second step: 1848)
* [[Baden]]: 23 July 1783
* [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]: 22 August 1785 (first step; second step: 1848)
* Denmark: 20 June 1788 (part of [[Denmark–Norway]])
* [[France]]: 4 August 1789
* [[Helvetic Republic]]: 4 May 1798
* [[Batavian Republic]] (Netherlands): constitution of 12 June 1798 (in theory; in practice with the introduction of the French [[Napoleonic code|Code Napoléon]] in 1811)
* Serbia: 1804 (''de facto'', ''de jure'' in 1830)
* [[Schleswig-Holstein]]: 19 December 1804 (part of [[Denmark–Norway]])
* [[Swedish Pomerania]]: 4 July 1806
* [[Duchy of Warsaw]] (Poland): 22 July 1807
* [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]: 9 October 1807 (effectively 1811–1823)
* [[Mecklenburg]]: October 1807 (effectively 1820)
* [[Bavaria]]: 31 August 1808
* [[Old Finland]] in 1812 (as the area was incorporated into [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] where serfdom had not existed in centuries, if ever)
* [[Duchy of Nassau|Nassau]]: 1 September 1812
* [[Spain]]: 18 March 1812 (first step; second step: 26 August 1837)
* Argentina: 1813
* [[Governorate of Estonia]]: 23 March 1816
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* [[Governorate of Courland]]: 25 August 1817
* [[Württemberg]]: 18 November 1817
* [[Governorate of Livonia]]: 26 March 1819
* [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanover]]: 1831
* [[Saxony]]: 17 March 1832
* Hawaii: 1835
* [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]: 11 April 1848
* [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Croatia]]: First steps in 1780 and 1785.<ref>[https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/kmetstvo]  Croatian encyclopedia, 1780 queen Maria Theresa introduced the regulations in Royal Croatia. 1785. King Joseph II introduced the Patent of freedom of movement of Serfs which gave them the right of movement, education and property, also ended their dependence to feudal lords.</ref> Final step on 8 May 1848.[[File:Abolition of serfdom in Croatia.jpg|thumb|The proclamation by count [[Josip Jelačić]] abolishing serfdom in the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]]]]
* [[Austrian Empire]]: 7 September 1848<ref>[http://plato.kfunigraz.ac.at/dp/KONST/DOCS_F/KUDLICH.HTM Kfunigraz.ac.at] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20041029174052/http://plato.kfunigraz.ac.at/dp/KONST/DOCS_F/KUDLICH.HTM |date=29 October 2004}}</ref>
* [[Principality of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]: 1858 (''de jure'' by [[Ottoman Empire]]; ''de facto'' in 1878)
* [[Russian Empire]]: 19 February 1861 (''see [[Emancipation reform of 1861]]'')
* Tonga: 1862
* [[Congress Poland]]: 1864<ref>[http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/russia/lectures/20emancipation.html Emancipation of the Serfs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907061852/http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/russia/lectures/20emancipation.html |date=7 September 2006}}</ref>
* Georgia: 1864–1871
* [[Kalmykia]]: 1892
* Iceland: 1894 ([[Vistarband]])
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1918
* Afghanistan: 1923
* Bhutan: officially abolished by 1959<ref name="BhutanWangchuk" />
* [[Tibet]], People's Republic of China: [[Serfs Emancipation Day|29 March 1959]], but use of "serf" for Tibet is [[Serfdom in Tibet controversy|controversial]]. There are differences depending on the region and sect.<ref name="TibetGoldstein1" /><ref name="TibetGoldstein2" /><ref name="TibetBarnett" /><ref name="TibetSamuel" />
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