Editing Sculpture (section)

====Renaissance====
[[File:Michelangelo's Pieta 5450 cropncleaned edit.jpg|thumb|[[Michelangelo]], ''[[Pietà (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]'', 1499]]
[[File:Rome-Basilique San Pietro in Vincoli-Moise MichelAnge.jpg|thumb|[[Michelangelo]], The [[Tomb of Pope Julius II]], {{circa|1545}}, with statues of [[Rachel]] and [[Leah]] on the left and right of his ''[[Moses (Michelangelo)|Moses]]'']]{{Main|Sculpture in the Renaissance Period|Italian Renaissance sculpture}}
Renaissance sculpture proper is often taken to begin with the famous competition for the doors of the [[Florence Baptistry]] in 1403, from which the trial models submitted by the winner, [[Lorenzo Ghiberti]], and [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] survive. Ghiberti's doors are still in place, but were undoubtedly eclipsed by his second pair for the other entrance, the so-called ''Gates of Paradise'', which took him from 1425 to 1452, and are dazzlingly confident classicizing compositions with varied depths of relief allowing extensive backgrounds.<ref>Olson, 41–46, 62–63.</ref> The intervening years had seen Ghiberti's early assistant [[Donatello]] develop with seminal statues including his ''[[David (Donatello, marble)|Davids]]'' in marble (1408–09) and bronze (1440s), and his [[Equestrian statue of Gattamelata]], as well as reliefs.<ref>Olson, 45–52, and see index.</ref> A leading figure in the later period was [[Andrea del Verrocchio]], best known for his [[equestrian statue]] of [[Bartolomeo Colleoni]] in Venice;<ref>Olson, 114–18, 149–50.</ref> his pupil [[Leonardo da Vinci]] designed an equine sculpture in 1482 ''[[Leonardo's horse|The Horse]]'' for [[Milan]], but only succeeded in making a {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=on}} clay model which was destroyed by French archers in 1499, and his other ambitious sculptural plans were never completed.<ref>Olson, 149–50.</ref>

The period was marked by a great increase in patronage of sculpture by the state for public art and by the wealthy for their homes; especially in Italy, public sculpture remains a crucial element in the appearance of historic city centres. Church sculpture mostly moved inside just as outside public monuments became common. Portrait sculpture, usually in busts, became popular in Italy around 1450, with the [[Naples|Neapolitan]] [[Francesco Laurana]] specializing in young women in meditative poses, while [[Antonio Rossellino]] and others more often depicted knobbly-faced men of affairs, but also young children.<ref>Olson, 103–10, 131–32.</ref>  The portrait [[medal]] invented by [[Pisanello]] also often depicted women; relief [[plaquette]]s were another new small form of sculpture in cast metal.

Michelangelo was an active sculptor from about 1500 to 1520, and his great masterpieces including his ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]'', ''[[Pieta (Michelangelo)|Pietà]]'', ''[[Moses (Michelangelo)|Moses]]'', and pieces for the [[Tomb of Pope Julius II]] and [[Medici Chapels|Medici Chapel]] could not be ignored by subsequent sculptors. His iconic David (1504) has a ''[[contrapposto]]'' pose, borrowed from classical sculpture. It differs from previous representations of the subject in that David is depicted before his battle with Goliath and not after the giant's defeat. Instead of being shown victorious, as Donatello and Verocchio had done, David looks tense and battle ready.<ref>Olson, Chapter 8, 179–81.</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:Ghiberti-porta.jpg|[[Lorenzo Ghiberti]], panel of the ''[[Sacrifice of Isaac]]'' from the [[Florence Baptistry]] doors; [[:File:Abraham (Gates of Paradise) 01.JPG|oblique view here]]
File:Cantoria Della Robbia OPA Florence 6.jpg|[[Luca della Robbia]], detail of ''Cantoria'', {{circa|1438}}, [[Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence)|Museo dell'Opera del Duomo]], Florence
File:Florence - David by Donatello.jpg|[[Donatello]], ''[[David (Donatello, bronze)|David]]'' {{circa|1440s}}, [[Bargello Museum]], [[Florence]]
File:Firenze.PalVecchio.Donatello.JPG|[[Donatello]], ''[[Judith and Holofernes (Donatello)|Judith and Holofernes]]'', {{circa|1460}}, [[Palazzo Vecchio]], [[Florence]]
File:Francesco Laurana pushkin.jpg|[[Francesco Laurana]], female bust (cast)
File:Verrochioorsanmichelle.jpg|[[Verrocchio]], ''[[Christ and St. Thomas (Verrocchio)|Doubting Thomas]]'', 1467–1483, [[Orsanmichele]], [[Florence]]
File:'David' by Michelangelo Fir JBU005 denoised.jpg|[[Michelangelo]], ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]'', {{Circa|1504}}, [[Galleria dell'Accademia]], [[Florence]]
File:'Dying Slave' Michelangelo JBU001.jpg|[[Michelangelo]], ''[[Dying Slave]]'', {{Circa|1513–1516}}
</gallery>