Editing Schizophrenia (section)

=== Breadth of diagnosis ===
Before the 1960s, nonviolent [[petty criminal]]s and women were sometimes diagnosed with schizophrenia, categorizing the latter as ill for not performing their duties as wives and mothers.<ref name= Lane2010/> In the mid- to late 1960s, black men were categorized as "hostile and aggressive" and diagnosed as schizophrenic at much higher rates, their [[Civil rights movement|civil rights]] and [[Black Power]] activism labeled as delusions.<ref name=Lane2010>{{Cite web |vauthors= Lane C |date= 5 May 2010|title=How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease: An Interview With Jonathan Metzl|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/side-effects/201005/how-schizophrenia-became-black-disease-interview-jonathan-metzl|access-date=5 April 2021|work=[[Psychology Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{page needed|date=August 2022}} {{Cite book|vauthors=Metz J|title=[[The Protest Psychosis]]|year=2010|isbn=978-0-8070-8592-9| publisher = Beacon Press}}</ref>

In the early 1970s in the United States, the diagnostic model for schizophrenia was broad and clinically based using [[DSM II]]. Schizophrenia was diagnosed far more in the United States than in Europe, where the [[ICD-9]] criteria were followed. The US model was criticised for failing to demarcate clearly those people with a mental illness. In 1980 DSM III was published and showed a shift in focus from the clinically based [[biopsychosocial model]] to a reason-based medical model.{{clarify|date=December 2024}}<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wilson M |date=March 1993 |title=DSM-III and the transformation of American psychiatry: a history |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=399–410 |doi=10.1176/ajp.150.3.399 |pmid=8434655}}</ref> DSM IV brought an increased focus on an evidence-based medical model.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fischer BA |date=December 2012 |title=A review of American psychiatry through its diagnoses: the history and development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. |journal=The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease |volume=200 |issue=12 |pages=1022–1030 |doi=10.1097/NMD.0b013e318275cf19 |pmid=23197117 |s2cid=41939669}}</ref>