Editing Religious music (section)

==Sikh music==
{{Expand section|date=May 2020}}{{main|Sikh music}}

Sikh music or Shabad kirtan is [[Kirtan]]-style singing of [[hymns]] or [[Shabad (hymn)|Shabad]] from the [[Guru Granth Sahib|Sri Guru Granth Sahib]] Ji, the central text of [[Sikhism]]. Its development dates back to the late 16th century as the [[musical expression]] of mystical poetry, accompanied by a musical instrument ''[[Rababi|rabab]]''.<ref name="shacklemandairxxiii2">{{cite book |author1=Christopher Shackle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ftdcvmviy_8C |title=Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures |author2=Arvind Mandair |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-136-45108-9 |pages=xxiii-xxiv}}</ref> All the [[Sikh]] Gurus sang in the then-prevalent classical and folk music styles, accompanied by stringed and percussion instruments. The Gurus specified the [[Raga|raag]] for each hymn in the Sikh sacred scripture, the [[Guru Granth Sahib]].<ref name="shacklemandairxxiii2" />

=== Shabad ===

=== Raag ===
The Sikh Guru, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, consists of shabads, or passages, written by Sikh Gurus and various other saints and holy men. Before each shabad, a raag is assigned. the raag provides a guideline for how the shabad should be sang. There are 31 raags in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=Dr. Sukhbir Singh |title=Guru Granth Sahib an Advance Study, Volume 2 |last2=Kapoor |first2=Mohinder Kaur |year=2005 |publisher=Hemkunt Publishers |isbn=8170103177 |pages=27}}</ref> A raag is a specific set of rules on how to construct a certain melody. Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji is composed with different raags to match the shabads and teachings of the Sikh Gurus and various holy people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh Ragas – SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia. |url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sikh_Ragas |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.sikhiwiki.org |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526072621/https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Sikh_Ragas |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Instruments ===
The Gurus also created numerous musical instruments including the [[Dilruba]], the [[Sarangi]], the [[Esraj]] and the [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]].<ref name=":4">{{cite book |title=Sikh sacred music |date=1967 |publisher=Sikh Sacred Music Society |location=Oxon |page=63}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Narayan |first1=Badri |title=Culture and Emotional Economy of Migration |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |edition=First |page=75}}</ref>

==== Rabab ====
One of the earliest Sikh instruments to be used was the [[Rebab|Rabab]]. When Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the first Guru of the Sikhs would travel to different areas, his companion Bhai Mardana would always bring a rebab. They would sing Sikh shabads to the residents of each village and Bhai Mardana would play his rebab. In this way, [[Guru Nanak|Guru Nanak Dev Ji]] started the singing of Sikh kirtan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rabab {{!}} Discover Sikhism |url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/rabab.html |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=www.discoversikhism.com |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127220616/http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/rabab.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Jori ====
Another Sikh instrument is the [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]]. The word jori means pair and the jori is a pair of two drums. The musician playing the jori will use one hand per drum whilst playing the instrument. The instrument was created during the time of the fifth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Arjan|Guru Arjun Dev Ji]]. Originally, one of the most popular drums used in South Asia in the 16th century was the Mardang. The Mardang was a singular drum with two sides played simultaneously. In the court of Guru Arjun Dev Ji there were two musicians, Sata and Balwand, who decided to create a new instrument by splitting the Mardang in half. This created two separate drums that would be played simultaneously and would be able to be tuned individually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jori {{!}} Discover Sikhism |url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/jori.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.discoversikhism.com |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127231510/http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/jori.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Taus ====
[[File:Taūs_(mayuri)_-_MET_MI89.4.163.jpg|right|397x397px|Image of a Taus]]
One distinctive Sikh instrument is the [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]]. The head of the instrument is shaped like a peacock. The 10th Guru of the Sikhs, [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh Ji]], named the instrument "Taus" as the word is Persian for peacock.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taus {{!}} Discover Sikhism |url=http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/taus.html |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.discoversikhism.com |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127220656/http://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_saaj/taus.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This instrument was originally created by [[Guru Hargobind|Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji]]. It is significantly larger than other Sikh instruments. It is played with a bow and has 28–30 strings, allowing the instrument to communicate an array of emotions and properly play the raags of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taus – SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia. |url=https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Taus |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=www.sikhiwiki.org |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901052558/https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Taus |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Harmonium ====
After the British invaded and colonized India in the 19th century, they introduced some of their instruments to the Sikh Community. One of these instruments was the Harmonium.

==== Tabla ====
The second instrument was the Tabla. The tabla is meant to accompany the singer and the harmonium in Sikh kirtan.