Editing Printing (section)

==3D printing==
{{Main|3D printing}}
[[3D printing]] is a form of manufacturing technology where physical objects are created from [[3D modeling|three-dimensional digital models]] using 3D printers. The objects are created by laying down or building up many thin layers of material in succession. The technique is also known as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, or fabricating.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapid Prototyping - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/rapid-prototyping |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=www.sciencedirect.com |archive-date=October 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026163558/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/rapid-prototyping |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only for the production of functional or aesthetic prototypes, and a more appropriate term for it at the time was [[rapid prototyping]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Learning Course: Additive Manufacturing – Additive Fertigung |url=https://www.tmg-muenchen.de/training-course/11/Additive-Manufacturing?flang=en |website=tmg-muenchen.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-11 |title=3-D Printing Steps into the Spotlight |url=https://upstatebusinessjournal.com/3-d-printing-steps-into-the-spotlight/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220194129/https://upstatebusinessjournal.com/3-d-printing-steps-into-the-spotlight/ |archive-date=20 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-20 |website=Upstate Business Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, the precision, repeatability, and material range of 3D printing have increased to the point that some 3D printing processes are considered viable as an industrial-production technology, whereby the term ''additive manufacturing'' can be used synonymously with ''3D printing''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=Hugo K.S. |last2=Ding |first2=Li |last3=Cheng |first3=T.C.E. |last4=Zhou |first4=Honggeng |date=2019-01-01 |title=The impact of 3D printing implementation on stock returns: A contingent dynamic capabilities perspective |journal=International Journal of Operations & Production Management |volume=39 |issue=6/7/8 |pages=935–961 |doi=10.1108/IJOPM-01-2019-0075 |issn=0144-3577 |s2cid=211386031}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=3 October 1974 |title=Ariadne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nvabM3KXNsUC&pg=PA80 |magazine=New Scientist |volume=64 |issue=917 |page=80 |issn=0262-4079 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724194125/https://books.google.com/books?id=nvabM3KXNsUC&pg=PA80#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=24 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Ellam |first=Richard |date=26 February 2019 |title=3D printing: you read it here first |url=https://www.newscientist.com/letter/mg23230991-100-1-editors-pick-3d-printing-you-read-it-here-first/ |access-date=23 August 2019 |website=New Scientist}}</ref> One of the key advantages of 3D printing<ref>{{Cite web |title=3D Printing: All You Need To Know |url=https://explainedideas.com/3d-printing/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820155725/https://explainedideas.com/3d-printing/ |archive-date=20 August 2022 |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=explainedideas.com |url-status=usurped |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Zelinski_2017-08-04">{{Citation |last=Zelinski |first=Peter |title=Additive manufacturing and 3D printing are two different things |date=4 August 2017 |url=http://www.additivemanufacturing.media/columns/additive-manufacturing-and-3d-printing-are-two-different-things |journal=Additive Manufacturing |postscript=. |access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> is the ability to produce very complex shapes or geometries that would be otherwise infeasible to construct by hand, including hollow parts or parts with internal [[truss]] structures to reduce weight. [[Fused filament fabrication#Fused deposition modeling|Fused deposition modeling]] (FDM), which uses a continuous filament of a [[thermoplastic]] material, is the most common 3D printing process in use {{as of|2020|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO/ASTM 52900:2015 – Additive manufacturing – General principles – Terminology |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/69669.html |access-date=15 June 2017 |website=iso.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=JP-S56-144478|title=JP Patent: S56-144478 - 3D figure production device|gdate=10 November 1981|inventor1-first=Hideo Kodama|url=https://www.j-platpat.inpit.go.jp/c1800/PU/JP-S56-144478/1D0ADD2064383A29D55152F0210F025DEFC37B25B70242A69D2F88F6F3A29A10/11/en}}</ref>