Editing Pierre Trudeau (section)

==== NATO ====
In August 1968, the Trudeau government expressed disapproval of the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]], having the Canadian delegation at the United Nations vote for a resolution condemning the invasion, which failed to pass owing to a Soviet veto.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=191}} However, Trudeau made it clear that he did not want an intensified Cold War as a result of the invasion, and worked to avoid a rupture with Moscow.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=191}} In a speech in December 1968, Trudeau asked: "Can we assume Russia wants war because it invaded Czechoslovakia?".{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=18}}

In 1968–1969, Trudeau wanted to pull Canada out of NATO, arguing that the principle of [[mutual assured destruction]] (MAD) caused by a Soviet-American nuclear exchange made it highly unlikely that the Soviet Union would ever invade [[West Germany]], thereby making NATO into an expensive irrelevance in his view.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|pp=17-18}} In March 1969, Trudeau visited Washington to meet President [[Richard Nixon]]. Although the meeting was very civil, Nixon came to intensely dislike Trudeau over time, referring to the Prime Minister in 1971 as "that asshole Trudeau".{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|pp=50-51}} Nixon made it clear to Trudeau that a Canada that remained in NATO would be taken more seriously in Washington than a Canada that left NATO.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=51}} Trudeau himself noted during a speech given before the [[National Press Club]] during the same visit that the United States was by far Canada's largest trading partner, saying: "Living next to you is in some way like sleeping with an elephant; no matter how friendly and even-tempered the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt".{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=51}}

The NATO question sharply divided the Cabinet. Diplomat [[Marcel Cadieux]] accused Trudeau of "not seeming to believe in the Soviet danger".{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=18}} As a diplomat, the devout Catholic Cadieux had served on the [[International Control Commission]] in 1954–55, where his experiences of witnessing the exodus of two million Vietnamese Catholics from [[North Vietnam]] to [[South Vietnam]] made him into a very firm anti-Communist.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=16}} In late March 1969, Trudeau's cabinet was torn by debate as ministers divided into pro-NATO and anti-NATO camps, and Trudeau's own feelings were with the latter.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|pp=22-25}} Defence Minister [[Léo Cadieux]] threatened to resign in protest if Canada left NATO, leading Trudeau, who wanted to keep a French-Canadian in a high-profile portfolio such as the Department of National Defence, to meet Cadieux on April 2 to discuss a possible compromise.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=25}} Trudeau and Cadieux agreed that Canada would stay in NATO, but drastically cut back its contributions, despite warnings from [[Ross Campbell (diplomat)|Ross Campbell]], the Canadian member of the NATO Council, that the scale of the cuts envisioned would break Canada's treaty commitments.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=25}} Ultimately, the fact the United States would be more favourably disposed to a Canada in NATO and the need to maintain Cabinet unity led Trudeau to decide, despite his own inclinations, to stay in NATO. After much discussion within the cabinet, Trudeau finally declared that Canada would stay within NATO after all on April 3, but he would cut back Canada's forces within Europe by 50%.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|pp=24-25}} The way that Canada cut its NATO contributions by 50% caused tensions with other NATO allies, with the British government of Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]] publicly protesting the cuts.{{sfn|Granatstein|Bothwell|1991|p=338}}