Editing Norwegian language (section)

===Verbs===
{{See also|Nynorsk#Verb conjugation}}
{{Expand section|date=June 2019}}

Norwegian [[verb]]s are not [[Conjugation (grammar)|conjugated]] for [[Grammatical person|person]] or [[Grammatical number|number]], unlike [[English language|English]] and most [[European Languages|European languages]], though a few [[Norwegian dialects]] do conjugate for number. Norwegian verbs are conjugated according to mainly three [[grammatical mood]]s: [[Indicative mood|indicative]], [[Imperative mood|imperative]] and [[Subjunctive mood|subjunctive]], though the subjunctive mood has largely fallen out of use and is mainly found in a few common frozen expressions.<ref>{{Citation|title=modus – grammatikk|date=20 February 2018|url=http://snl.no/modus_-_grammatikk|work=Store norske leksikon|language=no|access-date=18 June 2019|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526082650/https://snl.no/modus_-_grammatikk|url-status=live}}</ref> The imperative is formed by removing the last vowel of the infinitive verb form, just like in the other Scandinavian languages.

Indicative verbs are conjugated for [[grammatical tense|tense]]: [[present tense|present]], [[past tense|past]], and [[Future tense|future]]. The present and past tense also have a [[passive voice|passive]] form for the infinitive.

There are four [[non-finite verb]] forms: [[infinitive]], [[passive voice|passive]] infinitive, and the two [[participle]]s: [[perfective]]/past participle and [[imperfective]]/present participle.

The participles are [[verbal adjective]]s. The imperfective participle is not declined, whereas the perfect participle is declined for [[grammatical gender|gender]] (though not in Bokmål) and [[grammatical number|number]] like strong, affirmative adjectives. The [[definiteness|definite]] form of the participle is identical to the plural form.

As with other Germanic languages, Norwegian verbs can be divided into two conjugation classes; [[germanic weak verb|weak]] verbs and [[germanic strong verb|strong]] verbs.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Verb forms in Nynorsk<br>{{lang|nn|leva}} ('to live') and {{lang|nn|finna}} ('to find')
|-
! rowspan="4" |
! colspan="4" | [[Finite verb|Finite]]
! colspan="6" | [[Non-finite verb|Non-finite]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Indicative mood|Indicative]]
! rowspan="3" | [[Subjunctive mood|Subjunctive]]
! rowspan="3" | [[Imperative mood|Imperative]]
!               [[Verbal noun]]s
! colspan="5" | [[Verbal adjective]]s ([[Participle]]s)
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Present tense|Present]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Past tense|Past]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Infinitive]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Imperfective]]
! colspan="4" | [[Perfective]]
|-
! Masculine
! Feminine
! Neuter
! Plural/Def
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Active voice|Active]]
| {{lang|nn|lever}}
| {{lang|nn|levde}}
| {{lang|nn|leve}}
| {{lang|nn|lev}}
| {{lang|nn|leva}}
| {{lang|nn|levande}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|nn|levd}}
| {{lang|nn|levt}}
| {{lang|nn|levde}}
|-
| {{lang|nn|finn}}
| {{lang|nn|fann}}
|
| {{lang|nn|finn}}
| {{lang|nn|finna}}
| (har) {{lang|nn|funne}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|nn|funnen}}
| colspan="2" | {{lang|nn|funne}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Passive voice|Passive]]
| {{lang|nn|levest}}
| {{lang|nn|levdest}}
|
|
| {{lang|nn|levast}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|nn|finst}}
| {{lang|nn|fanst}}
|
|
| {{lang|nn|finnast}}
| {{lang|nn|(har) funnest}}
|
|
|
|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Verb forms in Bokmål<br>{{lang|nb|å leve}} ('to live') and {{lang|nb|å finne}} ('to find')
|-
! rowspan="4" |
! colspan="4" | [[Finite verb|Finite]]
! colspan="4" | [[Non-finite verb|Non-finite]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Indicative mood|Indicative]]
! rowspan="3" | [[Subjunctive mood|Subjunctive]]
! rowspan="3" | [[Imperative mood|Imperative]]
!               [[Verbal noun]]s
! colspan="3" | [[Verbal adjective]]s ([[Participle]]s)
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Present tense|Present]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Past tense|Past]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Infinitive]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Imperfective]]
! colspan="2" | [[Perfective]]
|-
! Singular
! Plural/Def
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Active voice|Active]]
| {{lang|nb|lever}}
| {{lang|nb|levde/levet}}
| {{lang|nb|leve}}
| {{lang|nb|lev}}
| {{lang|nb|leve}}
| {{lang|nb|levende}}
| {{lang|nb|levd}}
| {{lang|nb|levde/levet}}
|-
| {{lang|nb|finner}}
| {{lang|nb|fant}}
|
| {{lang|nb|finn}}
| {{lang|nb|finne}}
| {{lang|nb|(har) funnet}}
| {{lang|nb|funnet}}
| {{lang|nb|funne}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Passive voice|Passive]]
| {{lang|nb|leves}}
| {{lang|nb|levdes}}
|
|
| {{lang|nb|leves}}
|
|
|
|-
| {{lang|nb|fins/finnes}}
| {{lang|nb|fantes}}
|
|
| {{lang|nb|finnes}}
| {{lang|nb|(har funnes)}}
|
|
|}

==== Ergative verbs ====
{{See also|Nynorsk#Ergative verbs}}
There are [[ergative verb]]s in both Bokmål and Nynorsk,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elevrom.sprakradet.no/skolen/minigrammatikk/tema/parverb|title=Språkrådet|website=elevrom.sprakradet.no|access-date=14 July 2018|archive-date=14 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714222108/http://elevrom.sprakradet.no/skolen/minigrammatikk/tema/parverb|url-status=live}}</ref> where there are two different conjugation patterns depending on if the verb takes an object or not. In Bokmål, there are only two different conjugations for the [[Preterite Tense|preterite tense]] for the strong verbs, while Nynorsk has different conjugations for all tenses, like Swedish and a majority of Norwegian dialects. Some weak verbs are also ergative and are differentiated for all tenses in both Bokmål and Nynorsk, like {{lang|nb|ligge/legge}}, both of which meaning 'to lie down', but {{lang|nb|ligge}} does not take an object while {{lang|nb|legge}} requires an object. {{lang|nb|Legge}} corresponds to the English verb 'lay', while {{lang|nb|ligge}} corresponds to the English verb 'lie'. There are, however, many verbs that do not have a direct translation to English verbs.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Ergative verb {{lang|nb|knekke}} ('crack')
!Norwegian Bokmål
!English
|-
|{{lang|nb|Nøtta '''knakk'''}}
|The nut cracked
|-
|{{lang|nb|Jeg '''knekte''' nøtta}}
|I cracked the nut
|-
|{{lang|nb|Jeg '''ligger'''}}
|I'm lying down
|-
|{{lang|nb|Jeg '''legger''' det ned}}
|I'll lay it down
|}