Editing Muammar Gaddafi (section)

==Personal life==
{{Main|Personal life of Muammar Gaddafi}}
[[File:Nimeiry, Nasser and Gaddafi, 1969.jpg|right|thumb|Gaddafi (right) with Nimeiry and Nasser in 1969]]

A very private individual,{{sfn|Harris|1986|p=43}} Gaddafi was given to rumination and solitude and could be reclusive.{{sfn|Bearman|1986|p=284}} Gaddafi described himself as a "simple revolutionary" and "pious Muslim" called upon by God to continue Nasser's work.{{sfn|Harris|1986|p=48}} Gaddafi was an austere and devout Muslim,{{sfnm|1a1=St. John|1y=1987|1p=145|2a1=Vandewalle|2y=2006|2p=6}} although according to Vandewalle, his interpretation of Islam was "deeply personal and idiosyncratic."{{sfn|Vandewalle|2006|p=6}} He was also a [[Association football|football]] enthusiast{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=22}} and enjoyed both playing the sport and horse riding as a means of recreation.{{sfn|Bearman|1986|p=285}} He regarded himself as an intellectual;{{sfn|Pargeter|2012|p=2}} he was a fan of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] and said his favourite novels were ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'', ''[[Roots: The Saga of an American Family|Roots]]'', and ''[[The Outsider (Wilson book)|The Outsider]]''.{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=22}}

Gaddafi regarded personal appearance as important,{{sfn|Bearman|1986|p=285}} with Blundy and Lycett referring to him as "extraordinarily vain."{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=24}} Gaddafi had a large wardrobe, and sometimes changed his outfit multiple times a day.{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=24}} He favoured either a military uniform or traditional Libyan dress, tending to eschew Western-style suits.{{sfn|Bearman|1986|p=285}} He saw himself as a fashion icon, stating "Whatever I wear becomes a fad. I wear a certain shirt and suddenly everyone is wearing it."{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=24}} Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the [[Bab al-Azizia]] barracks, a 6-square-kilometre (2.3 square miles) fortified compound located 3.2 kilometres (2 miles) from the centre of Tripoli.{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=1}} In the 1980s, his lifestyle was considered modest in comparison to those of many other Arab leaders.{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=32}}

He was preoccupied with his own security, regularly changing where he slept and sometimes grounding all other planes in Libya when he was flying.{{sfn|Harris|1986|p=50}} He made particular requests when travelling to foreign countries. During his trips to Rome, Paris, Madrid, Moscow, and New York City,<ref name="abcnews">{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/Politics/gaddafis-tent-blocked-stop-work-order/story?id=8649084|title=Moammar Gadhafi Won't Stay in Bedford Tent After All|publisher=ABC|date=23 September 2009|access-date=28 February 2011|archive-date=9 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209233521/http://abcnews.go.com/International/Politics/gaddafis-tent-blocked-stop-work-order/story?id=8649084|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/29/nyregion/29libya.html|title=Qaddafi Cancels Plans to Stay in New Jersey|work=The New York Times|date=29 August 2009|access-date=28 February 2011|first=Anahad|last=O'Connor|archive-date=31 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110331024309/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/29/nyregion/29libya.html|url-status=live}}</ref> he resided in a bulletproof tent, following his Bedouin traditions.<ref name="abcnews"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/when-in-rome-gaddafi-will-do-as-the-bedouins-20090610-c3ln.html|title=When in Rome, Gaddafi Will Do as the Bedouins|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=11 June 2009|access-date=14 February 2010|archive-date=11 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011104002/http://www.smh.com.au/world/when-in-rome-gaddafi-will-do-as-the-bedouins-20090610-c3ln.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaddafi was notably confrontational in his approach to foreign powers{{sfn|Harris|1986|p=51}} and generally shunned Western ambassadors and diplomats, believing them to be spies.{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=21}}

[[File:El presidente del Gobierno asiste a la III Cumbre UE - África.jpg|thumb|left|Gaddafi with Spanish Prime Minister [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] in 2010]]

In the 1970s and 1980s, there were reports of his making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage.{{sfnm|1a1=Harris|1y=1986|1pp=53–54|2a1=Blundy|2a2=Lycett|2y=1987|2pp=22–23}} Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female [[Amazonian Guard]], who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy.{{sfn|Blundy|Lycett|1987|p=112}} After Gaddafi's death, the Libyan psychologist [[Seham Sergewa]], part of a team investigating sexual offences during the civil war, stated that five of the guards told her they had been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials.<ref name="rape">{{cite news |last=Micallef |first=Mark |title=Gaddafi 'Raped' His Female Bodyguards |date=28 August 2011 |website=The Times|location=Malta |url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110828/local/Gaddafi-raped-his-female-bodyguards.382085 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213013136/https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20110828/local/Gaddafi-raped-his-female-bodyguards.382085 |archive-date=13 February 2012}}; {{cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |title=Gaddafi and His Sons 'Raped Female Bodyguards' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8729685/Gaddafi-and-his-sons-raped-female-bodyguards.html |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=29 August 2011 |access-date=15 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321082036/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8729685/Gaddafi-and-his-sons-raped-female-bodyguards.html |archive-date=21 March 2017}}</ref> After Gaddafi's death, the French journalist {{ill|Annick Cojean|fr||fa|آنیک کوژان|de||zh|安妮柯·柯琴}} published a book alleging that Gaddafi had had sexual relations with women, some in their early teenage years, who had been specially selected for him.{{sfn|Cojean|2013}} One of those Cojean interviewed, a woman named Soraya, claimed that Gaddafi kept her imprisoned in a basement for six years, where he repeatedly raped her, urinated on her, and forced her to watch pornography, drink alcohol, and snort cocaine.<ref name="harem">{{cite news |last=Sanai |first=Leyla |title=Book Review: Gaddafi's Harem, By Annick Cojean, Trans. Marjolijn de Jager |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/book-review-gaddafis-harem-by-annick-cojean-trans-marjolijn-de-jager-8901967.html |access-date=25 October 2013 |website=The Independent |location=London |date=25 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210913/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/book-review-gaddafis-harem-by-annick-cojean-trans-marjolijn-de-jager-8901967.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The alleged sexual abuse was said to have been facilitated by Gaddafi's Chief of Protocol [[Nuri al-Mismari]] and Mabrouka Sherif.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cojean |first=Annick |date=22 September 2013 |title=Muammar Gaddafi's sexual crimes |url=https://www.salon.com/2013/09/22/muammar_gaddafis_sexual_crimes/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Salon |language=en |ref=none |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207020226/https://www.salon.com/2013/09/22/muammar_gaddafis_sexual_crimes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=24 September 2013 |title=Gaddafi formed special department to find prostitutes |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/gaddafi-formed-special-department-to-find-prostitutes-113092400941_1.html |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206083256/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/gaddafi-formed-special-department-to-find-prostitutes-113092400941_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gaddafi also hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him; one described him as kind and considerate and was surprised that allegations of abuse had been made against him.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/09/03/ukraine.gadhafi.nurse/ |title=Gadhafi's Ukrainian Nurse Talks About Life with 'Daddy' |publisher=CNN |date=4 September 2011 |access-date=8 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224055440/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/09/03/ukraine.gadhafi.nurse/ |archive-date=24 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{anchor|Family}}
Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. Although they had one son, [[Muhammad Gaddafi]] (born 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970.{{sfnm|1a1=Harris|1y=1986|1p=53|2a1=Blundy|2a2=Lycett|2y=1987|2p=22}} Gaddafi's second wife was [[Safia Farkash]], née el-Brasai, a former nurse from the Obeidat tribe born in [[Bayda, Libya|Bayda]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Libya's First Lady Owns 20 Tons of Gold: Reports |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/03/06/140415.html |url-status=dead |website=Al Arabiya News |date=6 March 2011 |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309035315/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/03/06/140415.html |archive-date=9 March 2011}}</ref> They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight.{{sfnm|1a1=Harris|1y=1986|1p=53|2a1=Blundy|2a2=Lycett|2y=1987|2p=22}} The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children:{{sfn|Bearman|1986|p=285}} [[Saif al-Islam Gaddafi]] (born 1972), [[Al-Saadi Gaddafi]] (born 1973), [[Mutassim Gaddafi]] (1974–2011), [[Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi]] (born 1975), [[Ayesha Gaddafi]] (born 1976), [[Saif al-Arab Gaddafi]] (1982–2011), and [[Khamis Gaddafi]] (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, [[Hana Gaddafi]] and Milad Gaddafi.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Gaddafi Family Tree |date=20 October 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12531442 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418153130/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12531442 |archive-date=18 April 2016}}</ref> Several of his sons gained a reputation for lavish and anti-social behaviour in Libya, which proved a source of resentment toward his administration.{{sfn|Pargeter|2012|p=6}} At least three of his cousins were prominent figures in Gaddafi's regime. [[Ahmed Gaddaf al-Dam]] is Libya's former Special Envoy to Egypt and a leading figure of the Gaddafi regime.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaddafi cousin arrested in Egypt |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21848712 |date=19 March 2013 |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-date=29 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129052032/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-21848712 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mansour Dhao]] was his chief of security and led the [[People's Guard (Libya)|People's Guard]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Peralta |first=Eyder |title=Gadhafi's Final Weeks, As Told By A Top Security Official |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/10/25/141694091/gadhafis-final-weeks-as-told-by-a-top-security-official |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124065624/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/10/25/141694091/gadhafis-final-weeks-as-told-by-a-top-security-official |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Sayyid Gaddaf al-Dam]] was a brigadier general and described as the second most powerful person in Libya in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Woodward |first=Bob |date=29 April 1984 |title=Qaddafi's Authority Said to Be Weakening |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/04/29/qaddafis-authority-said-to-be-weakening/358186bd-b316-4ad0-b2c0-0b777121d78a/ |access-date=25 June 2023 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gaddafi's inner circle |language=en-US |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/gaddafis-inner-circle/2011/05/17/AF3bQ55G_graphic.html |access-date=25 June 2023 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>