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=== Retroreflectors === [[File:Apollo 11 Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment.jpg|right|thumb|Apollo 11 retroreflector, still with its protective cover]] The presence of [[retroreflectors]] (mirrors used as targets for Earth-based tracking lasers) from the [[Lunar Laser Ranging experiment|Laser Ranging Retroreflector Experiment]] (LRRR) is evidence that there were landings.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dorminey |first=Bruce |date=March 2011 |title=Secrets beneath the Moon's surface |journal=Astronomy |pages=24β29 |location=Waukesha, WI |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |issn=0091-6358}}</ref> [[Lick Observatory]] attempted to detect from Apollo 11's retroreflector while Armstrong and Aldrin were still on the Moon but did not succeed until August 1, 1969.<ref>[[#Hansen|Hansen 2005]], p. 515</ref> The Apollo 14 astronauts deployed a retroreflector on February 5, 1971, and [[McDonald Observatory]] detected it the same day. The Apollo 15 retroreflector was deployed on July 31, 1971, and was detected by McDonald Observatory within a few days.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bender, P. L. |author2=Currie, D. G. |author3=Dicke, R. H. |author4=Eckhardt, D. H. |author5=Faller, J. E. |author6=Kaula, W. M. |author7=Mullholland, J. D. |author8=Plotkin, H. H. |author9=Silverberg, E. C. |author10=Wilkinson, D. T. |author11=Williams, J. G. |author12=Alley, C. O. |date=October 19, 1973 |title=The Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=182 |issue=4109 |pmid=17749298 |bibcode=1973Sci...182..229B |doi=10.1126/science.182.4109.229 |pages=229β238 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |s2cid=32027563 |access-date=April 27, 2013 |url=http://www.physics.ucsd.edu/~tmurphy/apollo/doc/Bender.pdf |display-authors=3}}</ref> Smaller retroreflectors were also put on the Moon by the Russians; they were attached to the uncrewed lunar rovers [[Lunokhod 1]] and [[Lunokhod 2]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lro-20100426.html |title=NASA's LRO Team Helps Track Laser Signals to Russian Rover Mirror |last1=Jones |first1=Nancy |last2=McDonald |first2=Kim |editor-last=Jenner |editor-first=Lynn |date=April 26, 2010 |publisher=NASA |id=Goddard Release No. 10-038 |access-date=September 24, 2012 |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813003501/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/lro-20100426.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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