Editing Mannerism (section)

===Renaissance examples===

An example of Mannerist architecture is the [[Villa Farnese]] at [[Caprarola]],<ref>Coffin, David, ''The Villa in the Life of Renaissance Rome'', Princeton University Press, 1979. pp. 281–285.</ref> in the rugged countryside outside of Rome. The proliferation of engravers during the 16th century spread Mannerist styles more quickly than any previous styles.

Dense with ornament of "Roman" detailing, the display doorway at [[Colditz Castle]] exemplifies the northern style, characteristically applied as an isolated "set piece" against unpretentious vernacular walling.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

From the late 1560s onwards, many buildings in [[Valletta]], the new capital city of [[Malta]], were designed by the architect [[Girolamo Cassar]] in the Mannerist style. Such buildings include [[Saint John's Co-Cathedral|St. John's Co-Cathedral]], the [[Grandmaster's Palace, Valletta|Grandmaster's Palace]] and the seven original [[Langue (Knights Hospitaller)#Valletta|auberges]]. Many of Cassar's buildings were modified over the years, especially in the [[Baroque]] period. However, a few buildings, such as [[Auberge d'Aragon]] and the exterior of St. John's Co-Cathedral, retain most of Cassar's original Mannerist design.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ellul |first1=Michael |title=In search of Girolamo Cassar: An unpublished manuscript at the State Archives of Lucca |journal=Melita Historica |date=2004 |volume=XIV |issue=1 |page=37 |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14(2004-07)/MH.14(2004)1/02.pdf |issn=1021-6952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313191703/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.14%282004-07%29/MH.14%282004%291/02.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<gallery widths="230">
File:Palazzo Te Mantova 1.jpg|One of the best examples of Mannerist architecture: [[Palazzo del Te|Palazzo Te]] in [[Mantua]], designed by [[Giulio Romano (painter)|Giulio Romano]]
File:3538MantovaPalazzoDucale.jpg|Giulio Romano, [[Ducal Palace, Mantua]]
File:3579MantovaCasaGiulioRomano.jpg|Own house of Giulio Romano, in [[Mantua]]
File:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne.jpg|[[Baldassare Peruzzi]], [[Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne]], in Rome
Biblioteca medicea laurenziana, vestibolo e scala di michelangelo, 03,.jpg|[[Michelangelo]], vestibule of [[Laurentian Library]]
File:St Johns Co-Cathedral.jpg|[[Saint John's Co-Cathedral|St. John's Co-Cathedral]], in [[Valletta]], Malta
File:Catedral Basílica Salvador 2019-6527.jpg|[[Cathedral Basilica of Salvador]], Brazil, built between 1657 and 1746, a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]<ref>{{citation |title=World Heritage List |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ |contribution=Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia |contribution-url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/309 |location=Paris, France |publisher=UNESCO}}.</ref>
File:Iglesia de San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador, 2015-07-22, DD 152 (cropped).JPG|The large [[Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Quito|Basilica of San Francisco]], in [[Quito]], Ecuador, built between 1535 and 1650
</gallery>

[[File:Entrance of Colditz Castle chapel.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.15|The rhyolitic [[tuff]] portal of the "church house" at [[Colditz Castle]], [[Saxony]], designed by Andreas Walther II (1584), is an example of the exuberance of [[Antwerp Mannerism]]]]
While many architectural styles explore harmonious ideals, Mannerism wants to take style a step further and explores the [[aesthetics]] of hyperbole and exaggeration.<ref name="ReferenceC">Gombrich, E H. The Story of Art London: Phaidon Press Ltd, {{ISBN|0-7148-3247-2}} {{Page needed|date=April 2015}}</ref> Mannerism is notable for its intellectual sophistication as well as its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic) qualities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/zino/hd_zino.htm |title=Mannerism: Bronzino (1503–1572) and his Contemporaries|publisher= Metropolitan Museum of Art|access-date=2013-05-19}}</ref> Mannerism favours compositional tension and instability rather than balance and clarity.<ref name="ReferenceB">Art and Illusion, E. H. Gombrich, {{ISBN|9780691070001}}</ref> The definition of Mannerism, and the phases within it, continues to be the subject of debate among art historians.

Northern or [[Antwerp Mannerism]] predates and is distinct from Italian Mannerism. [[Antwerp]] during its 16th-century boom produced a style that was the last phase of [[Early Netherlandish painting]] with Early Renaissance elements. Through Antwerp, Renaissance and Mannerist styles were widely introduced in England, Germany, and northern and eastern Europe in general.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wisse |first=Authors: Jacob |title=Northern Mannerism in the Early Sixteenth Century {{!}} Essay {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/nman/hd_nman.htm |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |language=en}}</ref>