Editing Madeira (section)

===Diaspora===
{{Main|Portuguese diaspora}}
Madeirans migrated to the United States, [[Venezuela]], [[Brazil]], [[Guyana]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], [[South Africa]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]].<ref>"[http://uwispace.sta.uwi.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2139/38296/1420673.pdf?sequence=1 Madeiran Portuguese Migration to Guyana, St. Vincent, Antigua and Trinidad as well as South Africa: A Comparative Overview] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806153041/http://uwispace.sta.uwi.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2139/38296/1420673.pdf?sequence=1 |date=6 August 2016 }}" (PDF). Jo-Anne S. Ferreira, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine</ref><ref>"[http://www.madeira-a-z.com/what-to-do/emigration.html Madeira and Emigration] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801152515/http://www.madeira-a-z.com/what-to-do/emigration.html |date=1 August 2016 }}"</ref> Madeiran immigrants in North America mostly clustered in [[New England]] and [[mid-Atlantic states]], Toronto, Northern California, and [[Hawaii]]. The city of [[New Bedford]] is especially rich in Madeirans, hosting the Museum of Madeira Heritage. The annual Madeiran and Luso-American celebration, the [[Feast of the Blessed Sacrament]], the world's largest celebration of Madeiran heritage, regularly draws crowds of tens of thousands to the city's Madeira Field.
[[File:Portuguese immigrant family in Hawaii during the 19th century.jpg|thumb|Many [[Portuguese Americans|Portuguese]] immigrants in [[Hawaiian Islands|Hawaii]] were of Madeiran origin]]
In the 1846 famine, over 6,000 inhabitants migrated to [[British Guiana]]. In 1891 they numbered 4.3% of the population.<ref>"[http://www.guyana.org/special/portuguese.html Portuguese emigration from Madeira to British Guiana] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918073124/http://www.guyana.org/special/portuguese.html |date=18 September 2013 }}"</ref> In 1902 5,000 Portuguese people, mostly Madeirans, lived in [[Honolulu]], Hawaii. By 1910 this grew to 21,000.<ref name="Library of Congress Hawaii">{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/chron4.html |title=Portuguese Immigrants in the United States: Chronology, 1900–1919 |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206023025/http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/chron4.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

1849 saw an emigration of Protestant religious exiles from Madeira to the United States, by way of Trinidad and elsewhere in the [[West Indies]]. Most of them settled in [[Illinois]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/exiles.html |title=Protestant Exiles from Madeira in Illinois |work=loc.gov |access-date=30 December 2017 |archive-date=9 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109082430/http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/exiles.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with financial and physical aid of the American Protestant Society, headquartered in New York City. In the late 1830s physician and Presbyterian minister Reverend [[Robert Reid Kalley]], from Scotland made a stop at Funchal, Madeira on his way to a mission in China, with his wife, so that she could recover from an illness. Kalley and his wife stayed on Madeira where he began preaching the Protestant gospel and converting islanders from Catholicism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orgsites.com/il/jaghs/_pgg5.php3 |title=Portuguese Immigration To Jacksonville in 1849 |work=orgsites.com |access-date=15 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116082621/http://www.orgsites.com/il/jaghs/_pgg5.php3 |archive-date=16 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eventually, he was arrested and imprisoned for his religious conversion activities. Another Scottish missionary, William Hepburn Hewitson, took on Protestant ministerial activities in Madeira. By 1846, about 1,000 Protestant Madeirenses, who were discriminated against and the subjects of mob violence because of their religious conversions, chose to immigrate to Trinidad and elsewhere in the West Indies in answer a call for sugar plantation workers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z1M0AQAAMAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA580 |title=History of Sangamon County, Illinois |year=1881 |access-date=16 November 2020 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172703/https://books.google.com/books?id=z1M0AQAAMAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA580 |url-status=live }}</ref> The exiles did not fare well there. The tropical climate was unfamiliar and they found themselves in serious economic difficulties. By 1848, the American Protestant Society raised money and sent Rev. Manuel J. Gonsalves, a Baptist minister and a naturalized U.S. citizen from Madeira, to work with Rev. Arsénio da Silva, who had emigrated with the exiles from Madeira, to arrange to resettle those who wanted to come to the United States. Rev. da Silva died in early 1849. Later in 1849, Rev. Gonsalves was then charged with escorting the exiles from Trinidad to settle in Sangamon and Morgan counties in Illinois on land purchased with funds raised by the American Protestant Society. Accounts state that anywhere from 700 to 1,000 exiles came to the United States at this time.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalency2bate |page=[https://archive.org/details/historicalency2bate/page/678 678] |quote=The Portuguese Colony. |title=Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois |publisher=Munsell Publishing Company |last1=Bateman |first1=Newton |last2=Selby |first2=Paul |year=1906 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=viQQAAAAIAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA26 |title=The Christian World |year=1850 |access-date=16 November 2020 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172704/https://books.google.com/books?id=viQQAAAAIAAJ&q=Gonsalves+Illinois+portuguese&pg=PA26 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Several large Madeiran communities continue around the world, including in the UK and [[Jersey]].<ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/jersey/voices/funchal.shtml BBC – Jersey Voices] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925065410/http://www.bbc.co.uk/jersey/voices/funchal.shtml |date=25 September 2015 }}"</ref> The [[Portuguese British]] community, made up mostly of Madeirans, celebrate [[Madeira Day]].

In Venezuela the Madeiran Portuguese settled in cities such as [[Caracas]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dinneen |first=Mark |date=1 June 2015 |title=El transnacionalismo de los inmigrantes: los portugueses y luso-venezolanos en Caracas |url=http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1012-70892015000100003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |journal=Terra |language=es |volume=31 |issue=49 |pages=49–69 |issn=1012-7089 |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603111020/http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1012-70892015000100003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |url-status=live }}</ref> and rural areas of the interior. According to figures from the 1990s, around 70% of the Portuguese diaspora in that country was made up of Madeirans and their descendants, initially dedicated to activities such as [[agriculture]], but later, due to the lack of government support, the emigrants concentrated on [[commerce]]<ref name=":0" /> in the large Venezuelan cities. Among the companies founded by Madeirans are the supermarkets Central Madeirense, Excelsior Gama, Supermercados Unicasa and Automercados Plaza, and many renowned bakeries.<ref name=":0" /> A state in Venezuela called [[Portuguesa (state)|Portuguesa]] was named after its large Portuguese population.