Editing List of monarchs of Iran (section)

==== Timurid Empire (1370–1458) ====
{{See also|Timurid Empire|Timurid dynasty}}
[[File:Timurid Empire (greatest extent).svg|thumb|The [[Timurid Empire]] under [[Timur]]|190px]]
The Timurid Empire was established by [[Timur]], a conqueror who claimed both Turkic and Mongol descent. Timur began as a minor brigand chief under the [[Chagatai Khanate]].{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}} In the middle 1360s, Timur rose to become the effective ruler of [[Transoxiana]]. He went on to establish his seat of power in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]] and conquered most of Iran through campaigns in the 1380s and 1390s.{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}}

During his conquests, Timur made some effort to portray himself as the heir of the Ilkhanate, adopting the Ilkhanid title ''pādishāh-i Islām'' ({{Literal translation|emperor of Islam}}).{{Sfn|Ghiasian|2018|p=10}} Timur also used the style ''guregen'' ({{Literal translation|son-in-law}}) to stress his marriage to [[Saray Mulk Khanum]], a descendant of Genghis Khan.{{Sfn|Ghiasian|2018|p=13}} ''Pādishāh'' continued to be used by Timur's successors, who at times also adopted the style of ''sulṭān''.{{Sfn|Ghiasian|2018|p=13}} [[Samarkand]] was the capital of the Timurid Empire.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;"
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="27%" |Name
! width="32%" |Reign
! width="34%" |Succession
|-
|[[File:Timur reconstruction03.png|65px]]
|[[Timur]]
|9 April 1370 – 18 February 1405{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1370|4|9|1405|2|18}})</small>
|Conquered Iran in the 1370s–1390s.{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Pir Muhammad (son of Jahangir)|Pir Muhammad]]
|February 1405 – 1407{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}}<br /><small>(2 years)</small>
|Grandson of Timur{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}} and his designated heir.{{Sfn|Ghiasian|2018|p=10}} Ruler in [[Fars province|Fars]].{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}}
|-
|[[File:Contemporary drawing of Khalil Sultan, 1405-1406 (Ms. Diez A. fol.74, p.24) contoured.jpg|frameless|79x79px]]
|[[Khalil Sultan]]
|February 1405{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}} – 1409/1410{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}<br /><small>(4–5 years)</small>
|Grandson of Timur.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}} Senior Timurid ruler and ruler of Persia.{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}}
|-
|[[File:Contemporary portrait of Shah Rukh, painted in his lifetime in 1435-36, by commission of his son Ibrahim Sultan.jpg|65px]]
|[[Shah Rukh]]
|February 1405{{sfn|Venning|2023b|loc=Timurid Dynasty}} – 1446/1447{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}<br /><small>(41–42 years)</small>
|Son of Timur. Initially only ruler in [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]]; ruler of the entire empire from 1415/1416 onwards.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}
|-
|[[File:Ulugh Beg, Timurid painting 1425-50.jpg|65px]]
|[[Ulugh Beg]]
|1446/1447 – October/November 1449{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}<br /><small>(2–3 years)</small>
|Son of Shah Rukh{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Abdal-Latif Mirza]]
|October/November 1449 – May 1450{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}<br /><small>(6–7 months)</small>
|Son of Ulugh Beg{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Abdullah Mirza]]
|May 1450 – 1451/1452{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}<br /><small>(1–2 years)</small>
|Grandson of Shah Rukh{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}
|-
|[[File:Abu Said seated on a throne.png|65px]]
|[[Abu Sa'id Mirza]]
|1451/1452{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}–1458{{Sfn|Sicker|2000|p=172}}<br /><small>(6–7 years)</small>
|Great-grandson of Timur{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=536}}
|}
The Timurids lost almost all of their territories in Iran to the [[Qara Qoyunlu]] in 1452–1458.{{Sfn|Sicker|2000|p=172}} For later Timurid rulers in Khorasan and elsewhere, see [[Timurid Empire#Emperors (Emir)|Timurid Empire § Emperors (Emir)]].