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=== Komnenos dynasty (1081–1185) === {{Main|Komnenos|Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |+ {{Sronly|Komnenos dynasty}} ! scope=col width="7%" | Portrait ! scope=col width="17%" | Name ! scope=col width="26%" | Reign ! scope=col width="25%" | Succession ! scope=col width="25%" | Life details |- | [[File:Alexios I Komnenos (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=miniature portrait]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | [[Alexios I Komnenos|'''Alexios I''' Komnenos]]<br/>{{Small|Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός}} | 1 April 1081 – 15 August 1118<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|1081|4|1|1118|8|15}})<hr/>''with'' [[Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)|'''Constantine''' Doukas]]<br/>(1081–1087; '''2nd time''')}}{{Efn|name=co-emperor}}{{Efn|Constantine Doukas notably served as junior co-emperor of two emperors, first his father Michael VII and then Alexios I, who briefly restored his rights. As always, this was only symbolical, as Constantine remained a minor during both tenures, having been crowned as a newborn. He died on 12 August 1094, aged around 20 years old.{{Sfn|PmbZ|loc=[http://pbw2016.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/person/Konstantinos/62/ Konstantinos 62.]}}}} | Nephew of Isaac I, also husband of [[Irene Doukaina]], a grand-niece of Constantine X. General; revolted against Nikephoros III on 14 February 1081. Seized Constantinople on 1 April; crowned on 4 April |{{Circa}} 1057 – 15 August 1118<br/>{{Small|(aged approx. 61)}}<hr/>Started the [[Crusades]] & the reconquest of Anatolia. Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=ODB|1p=63|2a1=Schreiner|2p=159–164}} |- | [[File:John II head.png|100px|alt=mosaic]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | [[John II Komnenos|'''John II''' Komnenos]]<br/>"the Good"<br/>{{Small|Ἰωάννης Κομνηνός}} | 15 August 1118 – 8 April 1143<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|1118|8|15|1143|4|8}})<hr/>''with'' [[Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)|'''Alexios''' the Younger]]<br/ >(1119–1142)}}{{Efn|name=co-emperor}} | Son of Alexios I, co-emperor since about September 1092 | 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143<br/>{{Small|(aged 55)}}<hr/>Reconquered most of Anatolia by the time of his death. Died of injuries sustained in a hunting accident, possibly assassinated (perhaps involving [[Raymond of Poitiers]] or supporters of [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]]){{Sfnm|1a1=ODB|1pp=1046–1047|2a1=Treadgold|2y=1997|2pp=628–637|3a1=Bucossi|3a2=Rodriguez Suarez|3y=2016|3p=16}} |- | [[File:Manuel I Comnenus (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=miniature portrait]] ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | [[Manuel I Komnenos|'''Manuel I''' Komnenos]]<br/>"the Great"<br/>{{Small|Μανουὴλ Κομνηνός}} | 8 April 1143 – 24 September 1180<br/>{{Small|({{Age in years, months and days|1143|4|8|1180|9|24}})}} | Youngest son and allegedly designated heir of John II on his deathbed, crowned in November 1143 after a few months of having to establish his rights | 28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180<br/>{{Small|(aged 61)}}<hr/>Last emperor to attempt reconquests in the west. Died of natural causes{{Sfnm|1a1=ODB|2a1=Treadgold|2y=1997|2pp=636, 638–650|1pp=1289–1290}} |- | [[File:Alexios II Komnenos (Vat.gr.1851 folio 2v) (cropped).jpg|alt=miniature portrait|100px]]<br />{{Small|Uncertain}}{{efn|The identification of this figure from Vat. Gr. 1851 as Alexios II is by Ioannis Spatharakis.<ref name=Spatharakis>{{cite book|last=Spatharakis |first=Ioannis|title=The Portrait in Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ4VAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA210|year=1976|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|pages=210–230|isbn=9004047832 }}</ref> Other historians variously identify him as a young [[Andronikos IV Palaiologos]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Hennessy |first=Cecily|author-link=Cecily Hennessy |title=A child bride and her representation in the Vatican Epithalamion, cod. gr. 1851|year=2006|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|pages=177–183|doi=10.1163/9789004346239_010 }}</ref> or [[Andronikos II Palaiologos]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Iacobini |first=Antonio|title=Arte profana e arte sacra a Bisanzio|year=1995 |publisher=Argos |isbn=9788885897496}}</ref>}} ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | [[Alexios II Komnenos|'''Alexios II''' Komnenos]]<br/>{{Small|Ἀλέξιος Κομνηνός}} | 24 September 1180 – c. September 1183<br/>{{Small|(3 years)}} | Son of Manuel I; co-emperor since 1171 | 14 September 1169 – c. September 1183<br/>{{Small|(aged 14)}}<hr/>Strangled on the orders of [[Andronikos I Komnenos|Andronikos I]], body thrown in the sea{{Sfnm|1a1=ODB|2a1=Treadgold|2y=1997|2pp=650–653|1pp=64, 1289|3a1=Schreiner|3p=176}} |- | [[File:143 - Andronikos I Komnenos (Mutinensis - color).png|100px|alt=miniature portrait]]<br />{{Small|Non-contemporary}} ! scope=row style="text-align:center; background:#F8F9FA" | [[Andronikos I Komnenos|'''Andronikos I''' Komnenos]]<br/>{{Small|Ἀνδρόνικος Κομνηνός}} | c. September 1183 – 12 September 1185<br/>{{Small|(2 years)<hr/>''with'' [[John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)|'''John''' Komnenos]]<br/ >(1183–1185)}}{{Efn|name=co-emperor}} | Son of [[Isaac Komnenos (son of Alexios I)|Isaac Komnenos]], a son of Alexios I. Overthrew the regency of Alexios II in April 1182, crowned co-emperor in 1183 and shortly thereafter had Alexios II murdered | c. 1118/1120 – 12 September 1185<br/>{{Small|(aged 64–67)}}<hr/>Overthrown by [[Isaac II Angelos|Isaac II]], tortured and mutilated in the imperial palace, then slowly dismembered alive by a mob in the [[Hippodrome of Constantinople|Hippodrome]]{{Sfnm|1a1=ODB|2a1=Treadgold|2y=1997|2pp=653–656|1pp=64, 94, 1012|3a1=Lascaratos|3y=1999|3p=73}} |}
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