Editing Krishna (section)

== Performance arts ==
=== Dance and culture ===
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Flickr - dalbera - Danseuse de Kuchipudi jouant Krishna (musée Guimet).jpg
| image2            = Rasa Lila in Manipuri dance style.jpg
| image3            = Krishnanattam (théâtre rituel du Kerala).jpg
| footer            = The Krishna legends in the ''Bhagavata Purana'' have inspired many performance arts repertoire, such as [[Kathak]], [[Kuchipudi]] (left), [[Odissi]] and [[Krishnanattam]] (right).<ref name="Kenneth Valpey 2013"/><ref name="ML Varadpande 1987"/> The ''[[Rasa lila|Rasa Lila]]'' where Krishna plays with the gopis in [[Manipuri dance]] style (center)
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Indian dance and music theatre traces its origins and techniques to the ancient ''[[Samaveda|Sama Veda]]'' and ''[[Natyasastra]]'' texts.{{sfn|Beck|1993|pp=107–108}}<ref>PV Kane, ''History of Sanskrit Poetics'', Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120802742}} (2015 Reprint), pp. 10–41</ref> The stories enacted and the numerous choreographic themes are inspired by the legends in Hindu texts, including Krishna-related literature such as ''[[Harivamsa]]'' and ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''.{{sfn|Varadpande|1987|pages=92–94}}

The Krishna stories have played a key role in the history of Indian theatre, music, and dance, particularly through the tradition of [[Rasa leela|''Rasaleela'']]. These are dramatic enactments of Krishna's childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. One common scene involves Krishna playing flute in Rasa Leela, only to be heard by certain gopis (cowherd maidens), which is theologically supposed to represent divine call only heard by certain enlightened beings.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vemsani |first1=Lavanya |title=Krishna in history thought and culture |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ |year=2016 |publisher=ABC-Clio LLC|location=California |language=en |isbn=978-1-61069-210-6|pages=179–180 |chapter=Music and Krishna }}</ref> Some of the text's legends have inspired secondary theatre literature such as the eroticism in [[Gita Govinda]].<ref>Graham Schweig (2007), ''Encyclopedia of Love in World Religions'' (Editor: Yudit Kornberg Greenberg), Volume{{nbsp}}1, {{ISBN|978-1851099801}}, pp. 247–249</ref>

Krishna-related literature such as the ''Bhagavata Purana'' accords a metaphysical significance to the performances and treats them as a religious ritual, infusing daily life with spiritual meaning, thus representing a good, honest, happy life. Similarly, Krishna-inspired performances aim to cleanse the hearts of faithful actors and listeners. Singing, dancing, and performing any part of ''Krishna Lila'' is an act of remembering the dharma in the text, as a form of ''para bhakti'' (supreme devotion). To remember Krishna at any time and in any art, asserts the text, is to worship the good and the divine.{{sfn|Varadpande|1987|pages=95–97}}

Classical dance styles such as [[Kathak]], [[Odissi dance|Odissi]], [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], [[Kuchipudi]] and [[Bharatanatyam]] in particular are known for their [[Krishna legends in Kathak|Krishna-related performances]].{{sfn|Varadpande|1987|page=98}} [[Krisnattam]] (Krishnattam) traces its origins to Krishna legends, and is linked to another major classical Indian dance form called [[Kathakali]].<ref name=Zarrilli2000>{{cite book|author = Zarrilli, P. B.|year = 2000|title = Kathakali Dance-Drama: Where Gods and Demons Come to Play|url = https://archive.org/details/kathakalidancedr00zarr|url-access = limited|publisher = Routledge|page = [https://archive.org/details/kathakalidancedr00zarr/page/n262 246]}}</ref> Bryant summarizes the influence of Krishna stories in the ''Bhagavata Purana'' as, "[it] has inspired more derivative literature, poetry, drama, dance, theatre and art than any other text in the history of Sanskrit literature, with the possible exception of the ''[[Ramayana]]''.{{sfn|Bryant|2007|page=118}}{{sfn|Archer|2004}}

The [[Palliyodam]], a type of large boat built and used by [[Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple]] in Kerala for the annual water processions of [[Aranmula Boat Race|Uthrattathi Jalamela]] and [[Valla Sadhya]] has the legend that it was designed by Krishna and were made to look like [[Shesha]]naga, the serpent on which Vishnu rests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/explained-what-palliyodam-and-why-kerala-actor-was-arrested-photoshoot-it-155155|title=Explained: What is a Palliyodam, and why a Kerala actor was arrested for photoshoot on it|newspaper=thenewsminute|access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref>

=== In popular culture ===
====Films====
* In the 1933 Bengali film ''[[Radha Krishna (1933 film)|Radha Krishna]]'', Krishna was portrayed by Shreemati Lakshmi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcUtCgAAQBAJ&q=Radha+Krishna+1933&pg=PA69|title=Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'|last=Sharmistha Gooptu|date=November 2010|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136912177|access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>
*In the 1957 Telugu-Tamil film ''[[Mayabazar]]'', the 1966, 1967 and 1971 Telugu films ''[[Sri Krishna Tulabharam (1966 film)|Sri Krishna Tulabharam]]'', ''[[Sri Krishnavataram]]'' and ''[[Sri Krishna Vijayamu]]'' respectively, Krishna was portrayed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=23 May 2012 |title=Mayabazar is an interplay of illusions and reality |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120523/jsp/entertainment/story_15519255.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104003336/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120523/jsp/entertainment/story_15519255.jsp#.VjlScWQrIxc |archive-date=4 November 2015 |access-date=4 November 2015 |website=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Thurlapati|date=4 September 1966|title=శ్రీ కృష్ణ తులాభారం|trans-title=Sri Krishna Tulabharam|work=[[Andhra Jyothi]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GSW/0,39,2550,1689|access-date=12 September 2020|archive-date=26 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826223537/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GSW/0,39,2550,1689|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Srikanth|date=15 October 1967|title=సినిమా: శ్రీ కృష్ణ అవతారం|trans-title=Cinema: Sri Krishnavataram|work=[[Visalaandhra]]|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/GVM/0,0,2550,1650|access-date=17 September 2020|language=te|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114130711/https://indiancine.ma/documents/GVM/0,0,2550,1650|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In the 1971 Hindi film ''[[Shri Krishna Leela]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Sachin (actor)|Sachin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film318824.htm|title=Shri Krishna Leela|author=Alan Goble|accessdate=17 September 2014|website=[[Complete Index to World Film]]}}</ref>
* In the 1986 Hindi film ''[[Krishna-Krishna]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Biswajeet]].
* In the 2012 Hindi animated film ''[[Krishna Aur Kans]]'', Krishna was voiced by [[Prachi Save Saathi]].<ref>{{cite web|title='Krishna Aur Kans' set for widest ever domestic release of an Indian animation movie|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-26/news/32869469_1_gokulathil-kannan-movie-in-different-languages-english-movie|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812233618/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-07-26/news/32869469_1_gokulathil-kannan-movie-in-different-languages-english-movie|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 August 2014|work=The economic times|access-date=26 July 2012}}</ref>

====Television====
* In [[B. R. Chopra]]'s 1988 series ''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Nitish Bharadwaj]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-02|title=31 years of Mahabharat on Doordarshan: Interesting facts about one of most popular TV shows ever|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/entertainment/31-years-of-mahabharat-on-doordarshan-know-interesting-facts-about-one-of-most-popular-tv-shows-ever/1724556/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>
* In [[Ramanand Sagar]]'s 1993 series ''[[Shri Krishna (1993 TV series)|Shri Krishna]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Sarvadaman D. Banerjee]], [[Swapnil Joshi]] and [[Ashok Kumar (Tamil actor)|Ashok Kumar Balkrishnan]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-27 |title=After 'Ramayan' and 'Mahabharat', now 'Shri Krishna' is returning to Doordarshan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/after-ramayan-and-mahabharat-now-shri-krishna-is-returning-to-doordarshan/articleshow/75400171.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>
* In the 2008 series ''[[Jai Shri Krishna (TV series)|Jai Shri Krishna]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Meghan Jadhav]], Dhriti Bhatia and [[Pinky Rajput]].
* In the 2008 series ''[[Kahaani Hamaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Mrunal Jain]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Mahabharata-interpreted-differently/article15308422.ece|title=Mahabharata interpreted differently|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 September 2008|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* In the 2011 series ''[[Dwarkadheesh Bhagwan Shree Krishn]]'' and the 2019 series ''[[Dwarkadheesh Bhagwan Shree Krishn – Sarvkala Sampann]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Vishal Karwal]].
* In the 2013 series ''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]'' , Krishna was portrayed by [[Saurabh Raj Jain]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-mahabharat-so-far-so-good-tv/20130917.htm|title=Review: Mahabharat, so far so good|publisher=Rediff|author=Nishi Tiwari|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-date=1 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501105830/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-mahabharat-so-far-so-good-tv/20130917.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In the 2017 series ''[[Vithu Mauli]]'', Krishna was portrayed by Ajinkya Raut.
* In the 2017 series ''[[Paramavatar Shri Krishna]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Sudeep Sahir]] and Nirnay Samadhiya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ssudeep Sahir to play grown-up Krishna in 'Paramavatar Shri Krishna' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ssudeep-sahir-to-play-grown-up-krishna-in-paramavatar-shri-krishna/articleshow/69411657.cms|access-date=23 February 2022|website=The Times of India|date=21 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> 
* In the 2018 series ''[[RadhaKrishn]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]] and [[Himanshu Soni]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mallika Singh and Sumedh Mudgalkar: We feel fortunate, it's a blessing to portray Radha and Krishna |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mallika-singh-and-sumedh-mudgalkar-we-feel-fortunate-its-a-blessing-to-portray-radha-and-krishna/articleshow/80886998.cms|access-date=2021-09-11|website=The Times of India|date=13 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* In the 2019 series ''[[Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Rajneesh Duggal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uddhav Thackeray extends his best wishes to the team of Color's 'Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran'! SEE PICS |work=ABP News |date=2 June 2019 |access-date=2 June 2019 |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/shrimad-bhagwat-mahapuran-shri-uddhav-thackeray-extends-his-best-wishes-to-the-team-of-colors-show-1004181}}</ref>
* In the 2021 series ''[[Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki (2021 TV series)|Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki]]'', Krishna was portrayed by Hazel Gaur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/star-bharat-announces-the-launch-of-haathi-ghoda-paal-ki-jai-kanhaiya-laal-ki-283568|title=Star Bharat announces the launch of 'Jai Kanhaiya Lal Ki'|website=Tribune India|accessdate=11 September 2020}}</ref>
* In the 2022 series ''[[Brij Ke Gopal]]'', Krishna was portrayed by [[Paras Arora]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Manul Chudasama & Paras Arora to play Radha and Krishna in the new historical show Brij Ke Gopal|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/videos/tv-news/manul-chudasama-paras-arora-to-play-radha-and-krishna-in-the-new-historical-show-brij-ke-gopal-video-90714091/amp?|work=Zoom TV Entertainment|accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref>