Editing Knoxville, Tennessee (section)

==Arts and culture==
{{See also|Music of East Tennessee}}
[[File:Knoxville's Bijou Theatre following Melvins concert.jpg|thumb|Concertgoers exiting the [[Bijou Theatre (Knoxville)|Bijou Theatre]] following a [[Melvins]] concert, circa June 2022]]

Knoxville is home to a rich arts community and has many festivals throughout the year. Its contributions to old-time, bluegrass and country music are numerous, from [[Flatt and Scruggs]] and [[Homer and Jethro]] to [[The Everly Brothers]].

The [[Knoxville Symphony Orchestra]] (KSO), established in 1935, is the oldest continuing orchestra in the southeast.<ref>Roy C. Brewer, [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1290 Symphony Orchestras] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927192343/http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1290 |date=September 27, 2013 }}, ''[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]'', December 25, 2009; last updated February 28, 2011; accessed: June 25, 2013.</ref> The KSO maintains a core of full-time professional musicians and performs at more than 200 events per year. Its traditional venues include the [[Tennessee Theatre]], the [[Bijou Theatre (Knoxville, Tennessee)|Bijou Theatre]], and the Civic Auditorium, though it also performs at several non-traditional venues. The [[Knoxville Opera]] performs a season of opera every year, accompanied by a chorus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.knoxvilleopera.com/history/ |title=History |website=Knoxville Opera |access-date=September 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913075259/http://www.knoxvilleopera.com/history/ |archive-date=September 13, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Knoxville was the location of [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]'s final concert in 1943, performed at Alumni Memorial Auditorium at the University of Tennessee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knoxkoupons.com/ktown_photos/photo_gallery/Historical/rachmaninoff.html|title=Rachmaninoff's Last Concert—Memorial Statue dedicated to the famous Russian Composer|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427005219/http://www.knoxkoupons.com/ktown_photos/photo_gallery/Historical/rachmaninoff.html|archive-date=April 27, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Knoxville's underground music scene is rooted with the promotion by [[AC Entertainment]] around 1979.<ref name="summer79">{{cite web |last=Neely |first=Jack |title=Knoxville: Summer 1979 |url=https://knoxvillehistoryproject.org/2015/08/05/knoxville-summer-1979/ |website=Knoxville History Project |date=August 5, 2015 |access-date=April 25, 2022}}</ref> AC Entertainment, a local entertainment group, sought to expand the city's scene.<ref name="scene">{{cite news |title=Knoxville's music scene: A 'social glue' and economic boost |url=https://www.eteda.org/news/279/knoxvilles-music-scene-a-social-glue-and-economic-boost |access-date=April 25, 2022 |work=[[Knoxville News Sentinel]] |date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> In the 1990s, noted [[alternative rock]] critic Ann Powers referred to the city as "[[Music of Austin, Texas|Austin]] without the hype".<ref>Jack Neely, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217173333/http://www.metropulse.com/stories/features/knoxvilles-ever-changing-public-image Knoxville's Ever-Changing Public Image]", ''[[Metro Pulse]]'', March 28, 2012. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 5, 2015.</ref><ref>Maria Carter, "[http://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel-city/knoxville/ Get Away to Knoxville] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219023034/http://www.atlantamagazine.com/travel-city/knoxville/ |date=December 19, 2014 }}", ''Atlanta'', June 28, 2013.</ref> Knoxville is home to a vibrant [[punk rock]] scene, having emerged from venues in the Old City district, specifically the Mill & Mine and Pilot Light venues.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Propst|first=Paula|date=2012|title=Proactive Punk: Music's Agency in the Knoxville Punk Community|url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2407&context=utk_gradthes|access-date=April 11, 2021|website=[[University of Tennessee]]}}</ref> Such punk and hardcore bands include UXB, the STDs, and Koro.<ref name="blush">{{cite book |last=Blush |first=Steven |title=American Hardcore: A Tribal History |date=October 2001 |publisher=[[Feral House]] |isbn=9780922915712 |page=296 |url=https://feralhouse.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/ah_excerpt2.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2022 |chapter=America's Hardcore: The South}}</ref><ref name="vicdeli">{{cite news |last=Wilusz |first=Ryan |title=Remembering Vic and Bill's 'punk rock deli' following the death of Victor Captain |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/2020/06/25/victor-captain-vic-and-bills-punk-rock-deli-knoxville-dies/3245912001/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |work=[[Knoxville News Sentinel]] |date=June 25, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Neelymusic">{{cite web |last=Neely |first=Jack |title=Two Endangered Musical Landmarks—And A Third That May Yet Have Hope |url=https://knoxvillehistoryproject.org/2016/11/08/two-endangered-musical-landmarks-third-may-yet-hope/ |website=Knoxville History Project |access-date=April 24, 2022 |date=November 8, 2016}}</ref> Knoxville hosts the [[Big Ears Festival|Big Ears]] [[music festival]] since 2009. The festival, dubbed the "most ambitious [[avant-garde]] festival in America in more than a decade" in a 2014 ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' article, hosts musicians ranging from punk rock to [[chamber pop]].<ref name="bigears2014">[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/big-ears-2014-celebrates-steve-reich-via-punk-drone-jazz-radiohead-20140331 Weingarten, Christopher. "Big Ears 2014 Celebrates Steve Reich Via Punk, Drone, Jazz, Radiohead."] [[Rolling Stone]]. March 31, 2014: C1</ref>

The city also hosts numerous art festivals, including the 17-day [[Dogwood Arts Festival]] in April, which features art shows, crafts fairs, food and live music. Also in April is the Rossini Festival, which celebrates opera and Italian culture. June's Kuumba (meaning creativity in [[Swahili language|Swahili]]) Festival commemorates the region's African American heritage and showcases visual arts, folk arts, dance, games, music, storytelling, theater, and food.

===Architecture===
[[File:Knoxville TN skyline.jpg|right|thumb|Skyline of [[Downtown Knoxville]], 2007]]
[[File:Tennessee Amphitheater in Knoxville, 2015.jpg|thumb|Tennessee Amphitheater in Knoxville, 2015]]
Knoxville's two tallest buildings are the 27-story First Tennessee Plaza and the 24-story Riverview Tower, both on Gay Street.<ref>Jack Neely, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130725143948/http://www.metropulse.com/news/2001/oct/25/skies-limits/?printer=1%2F The Skies, The Limits]", ''Metro Pulse'', October 25, 2001. Accessed at the Internet Archive, October 1, 2015.</ref> Other prominent high-rises include the Tower at Morgan Hill,<ref>Josh Flory, "[http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/nov/10/dean-trumps-comedian-for-towers-name/ Dean Trumps Comedian Stephen Colbert for Tower's Name] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711072845/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2009/nov/10/dean-trumps-comedian-for-towers-name/ |date=July 11, 2012 }}", ''Knoxville News Sentinel'', November 10, 2009. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</ref> the [[Andrew Johnson Building]],<ref>"[http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?s=6614872 Mayor Wants to Sell Downtown Building, Relocate Knox School Offices] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307182532/http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?s=6614872 |date=March 7, 2012 }}", WATE.com, June 5, 2007. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</ref> the Knoxville Hilton, the [[General Building]], [[The Holston]], the TVA Towers,<ref>Andrew Eder, "[http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2007/oct/02/tva-tower-gets-occupants/ TVA Tower Gets Occupants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711072834/http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2007/oct/02/tva-tower-gets-occupants/ |date=July 11, 2012 }}", ''Knoxville News Sentinel'', October 2, 2007. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</ref> and Sterchi Lofts. The most iconic structure is arguably the [[Sunsphere]], a {{convert|266|ft|adj=on}} steel truss tower built for the 1982 World's Fair;<ref>[http://www.sunsphere.info/ Sunsphere.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309150206/http://www.sunsphere.info/ |date=March 9, 2012 }}. Retrieved: January 7, 2007</ref> it and the [[Tennessee Amphitheater]] are the only two structures that remain from that World's Fair.<ref>{{cite news | author=Amy McRary | title=World's Fair: The world came to Knoxville in May 1982 | url=http://www.knoxnews.com/entertainment/life/knoxvilles-225-years-the-world-came-to-knoxville-in-1982--33212d02-dcbe-66f2-e053-0100007fde44-381016021.html | work=The [[Knoxville News Sentinel]] | date=May 28, 2016 | access-date=July 2, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703012457/http://www.knoxnews.com/entertainment/life/knoxvilles-225-years-the-world-came-to-knoxville-in-1982--33212d02-dcbe-66f2-e053-0100007fde44-381016021.html | archive-date=July 3, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref>

The downtown area contains a mixture of architectural styles from various periods, ranging from the hewn-log James White House (1786) to the modern [[Knoxville Museum of Art]] (1990). Styles represented include [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] ([[Old City Hall (Knoxville)|Old City Hall]]), [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] (Hotel St. Oliver and Sullivan's Saloon), [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] ([[Church Street Methodist Church (Knoxville, Tennessee)|Church Street Methodist Church]] and [[Ayres Hall]]), [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] (First Baptist Church), and [[Art Deco]] ([[United States Post Office and Courthouse (Knoxville, Tennessee)|Knoxville Post Office]]). Gay Street, Market Square, and Jackson Avenue contain numerous examples of late-19th and early-20th century commercial architecture.

Residential architecture tends to reflect the city's development over two centuries. [[William Blount Mansion]] (1791), in the oldest part of the city, is designed in a vernacular [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style. "Streetcar suburbs" such as [[Fourth and Gill, Knoxville|Fourth and Gill]], [[Parkridge, Knoxville|Parkridge]], and [[Fort Sanders, Knoxville|Fort Sanders]], developed in the late 19th century with the advent of [[streetcar|trolleys]], tend to contain large concentrations of Victorian and [[bungalow]]/[[American Craftsman|Craftsman]]-style houses popular during this period. Early automobile suburbs, such as [[Lindbergh Forest]] and Sequoyah Hills, contain late-1920s and 1930s styles such as [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]], English Cottage, and [[Mission Revival architecture|Mission Revival]]. Neighborhoods developed after World War II typically consist of [[Ranch-style house]]s.

Knoxville is home to the nation's largest concentration of homes designed by noted Victorian residential architect [[George Franklin Barber]], who lived in the city.<ref>Knox Heritage, [http://www.knoxheritage.org/sites/default/files/KH%20George%20Barber%20Homes%20Tour_web.pdf George Barber Homes Trolley Tour Booklet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726233012/http://www.knoxheritage.org/sites/default/files/KH%20George%20Barber%20Homes%20Tour_web.pdf |date=July 26, 2011 }}, 2007. Retrieved: January 7, 2012.</ref> Other notable local architects include members of the [[Baumann family (architects)|Baumann family]], [[Charles I. Barber]] (son of George), [[R. F. Graf]], and more recently, [[Bruce McCarty]]. Nationally renowned architects with works still standing in the city include [[Alfred B. Mullett]] ([[Greystone (Knoxville)|Greystone]]), [[John Russell Pope]] (H.L. Dulin House), and [[Edward Larrabee Barnes]] (Knoxville Museum of Art).

===Events===
The Knoxville Christmas in the City event runs for eight weeks of events at locations throughout the city including the [[Singing Christmas Tree]] and ice skating on the Holidays on Ice skating rink.<ref>Moon Blue Ridge & Smoky Mountains—Page 279 1612380662 Deborah Huso—2011 Christmas in the City (865/215-4248, www.cityofknoxville.org, Nov.–Dec.) covers eight weeks of festivities at various locations throughout the city. The activities include{{spaces}}... Santa, as well as ice skating on Knoxville's Holidays on Ice skating rink.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/knoxvilles_holidays_on_ice/|title=Knoxville's Holidays on Ice|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415122036/http://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/knoxvilles_holidays_on_ice|archive-date=April 15, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Asian Festival<ref name="knoxasian">{{cite web |title=Knox Asian Festival |url=https://www.knoxasianfestival.com/ |website=Knox Asian Festival}}</ref>
* [[Big Ears Festival]]<ref name="bigears2014"/>
* Boo At The Zoo<ref name="boozoo">{{cite web |title=Boo at The Zoo |url=https://www.booknoxville.com/ |website=Boo at The Zoo |publisher=[[Zoo Knoxville]] |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Brewfest<ref name="brewfest">{{cite web |title=Knoxville Brewfest |url=https://knoxvillebrewfest.com/ |website=Knoxville Brewfest}}</ref>
* Concerts on the Square<ref name="onsquare">{{cite web |title=Concerts on the Square |url=https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/concerts_on_the_square |website=City of Knoxville |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Dogwood Arts Festival (Knoxville)|Dogwood Arts Festival]]<ref name="dogwoodarts">{{cite web |title=Dogwood Arts Festival |url=https://www.dogwoodarts.com/dogwoodartsfestival |website=Dogwood Arts Festival |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Fantasy of Trees<ref name="fotetch">{{cite web |title=Fantasy of Trees |url=https://www.etch.com/ways-to-give/events/fantasy-of-trees/ |website=East Tennessee Children's Hospital |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Festival on the Fourth<ref name="festivalon4th">{{cite web |title=Festival on the 4th |url=https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/special_events/festival_on_the_4th |website=City of Knoxville |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* First Friday ArtWalk<ref name="artwalk">{{cite web |title=First Friday ArtWalk |url=https://www.downtownknoxville.org/firstfriday-artwalk/ |website=Downtown Knoxville |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Greek Fest<ref name="greekfest">{{cite web |title=Greek Fest - Knoxville, Tennessee |url=https://greekfesttn.wordpress.com/ |website=Greek Fest |access-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-date=July 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710195752/https://greekfesttn.wordpress.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* HoLa Festival<ref name="HOLA">{{cite web |title=HoLa Hora Latina |url=https://holahoralatina.org/ |website=HoLa Hora Latina |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* [[International Biscuit Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|title=International Biscuit Festival Weekend|url=http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/Press_Releases/Content/2010/0602.asp|work=NEWS RELEASES City of Knoxville, Tennessee Daniel T. Brown, Mayor|publisher=ci.knoxville.tn.us|access-date=April 24, 2011|date=June 2, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928152359/http://www.ci.knoxville.tn.us/Press_Releases/Content/2010/0602.asp|archive-date=September 28, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Knox Food Fest<ref name="knoxfoodfest">{{cite web |title=Knox Food Fest |url=https://knoxfoodfest.com/ |website=Knox Food Fest |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Knoxville Hardcore Fest<ref name="khcfb">{{cite web |title=Knoxville Hardcore Fest 2022 |url=https://www.facebook.com/knoxvillehardcore/posts/pfbid02WGYBTyg5mrsNhVFi4Dp6xPF5QGjKSNZuvD1LH4WENAaRAH7XFGU4bwurwyFXai9Rl?__cft__[0]=AZVZ9U0k6XxoExGEm2UQJJ4kyR-5BtkzbVNmll05w6SoFeSGXDftq_399SX6LKzZz5sSuq6YIHI4t3hzCmRw-IpsmzBV9YSd3jaKTfQnDW7UIHS3bjHPckTpVP_d1tA35nBjlYwj18PgMFTwPL0UZXp52UYe1_lLGJ3CifLL9DUr-xaF4fT66ZlvCJcNM88H_E3cgBvxXqPQKCBxXQ5KwRE-&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R |website=Facebook |publisher=Knoxville Hardcore Collective |access-date=July 9, 2022 |date=June 24, 2022}}</ref>
* Knoxville Horror Film Festival<ref name="horrorfest">{{cite web |last=Thomas |first=Keenan |title=Knoxville Horror Film Festival brings suspense, scares, surprises |url=https://www.utdailybeacon.com/city_news/entertainment/knoxville-horror-film-festival-brings-suspense-scares-surprises/article_aa6af80c-3671-11ec-91a7-4b7908ddefed.html |website=Daily Beacon |date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=[[University of Tennessee]] |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Knoxville Marathon]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knoxvillemarathon.com/history/|title=History|website=Covenant Health Knoxville Marathon|language=en-US|access-date=January 6, 2020}}</ref>
* Knoxville Powerboat Classic<ref name="TRVpoweboat">{{cite web |title=Visit Knoxville Powerboat Classic |url=https://tennesseerivervalleygeotourism.org/entries/visit-knoxville-powerboat-classic/20c9e951-c3a5-4cba-80ae-4b626759bf74 |website=Tennessee River Valley |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Market Square Farmers' Market<ref name="nourishmarkets">{{cite web |title=Markets |url=https://www.nourishknoxville.org/markets/ |website=Nourish Knoxville |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* NSRA Street Rod Nationals South<ref name="nsra">{{cite web |title=NSRA STREET ROD NATIONALS SOUTH |url=https://nsra-usa.com/rods-spectators-south/ |website=NSRA |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
*
* Rhythm & Blooms Festival<ref name="rnbfest">{{cite web |title=RHYTHM N BLOOMS FESTIVAL EMBROILED IN DISPUTE |url=https://insideofknoxville.com/2019/09/rhythm-n-blooms-festival-embroiled-in-dispute/ |website=Inside of Knoxville |access-date=July 10, 2022 |date=September 18, 2019}}</ref>
* Rossini Festival<ref name="rossini2022">{{cite news |last=Shane |first=Carol |title=Rossini Festival International Street Fair is back in downtown Knoxville, and it's free |url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/shopper-news/north-knox/2022/04/26/rossini-festival-2022-street-fair-back-downtown-knoxville/7393224001/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |work=[[Knoxville News Sentinel]] |date=April 26, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Tennessee Valley Fair]]<ref name="winnett">{{cite news |last=Winnett |first=William |title=Tennessee Valley Fair announces lineup for 2022 concert series |url=https://www.wbir.com/article/entertainment/events/tennessee-valley-fair-announces-2022-concerts/51-c0d23690-07ff-4e63-a5e8-e1884fbde98b |access-date=July 9, 2022 |work=[[WBIR-TV]] |date=June 8, 2022}}</ref>
* Vestival<ref name="vestival">{{cite web |title=Vestival |url=https://www.visitknoxville.com/event/vestival/2935/ |website=Visit Knoxville |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
* Volapalooza<ref name="volapalooza">{{cite web |title=History |url=https://volapalooza.utk.edu/about/ |website=Volapalooza |date=December 12, 2014 |publisher=[[University of Tennessee]] |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===Sites of interest===
[[File:Krutchpark.JPG|thumb|right|upright|Krutch Park in Downtown Knoxville]]
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Beck Cultural Exchange Center
* [[Bijou Theatre (Knoxville)|Bijou Theatre]]
* [[Bleak House (Knoxville, Tennessee)|Bleak House]]
* [[William Blount Mansion]]
* Fountain City Art Center
* [[Candoro Marble Works]]
* [[James White Civic Coliseum|Civic Coliseum]]
* Fort Dickerson
* Haley Heritage Square
* Ijams Nature Center
* [[James White's Fort]]
* Knoxville Botanical Gardens and Arboretum
* [[Knoxville Convention Center]]
* Knoxville Greenways
* [[Knoxville Museum of Art]]
* Knoxville Police Museum
* [[Zoo Knoxville]]
* [[Mabry-Hazen House]]
* [[Marble Springs]]
* [[Market Square, Knoxville|Market Square]]
* [[Frank H. McClung Museum]]
* [[Museum of East Tennessee History]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places, Knox County, Tennessee]]
* [[Old City Knoxville|Old City]]
* [[Ramsey House (Knox County, Tennessee)|Ramsey House]]
* [[Sunsphere]]
* [[Tennessee Amphitheater]]
* Tennessee River Boat
* [[Tennessee Theatre]]
* [[Three Rivers Rambler]] Train Ride
* [[Volunteer Landing]]
* [[Women's Basketball Hall of Fame]]
* [[1982 World's Fair|World's Fair Park]]
* Knoxville's Urban Wilderness{{div col end}}

===Libraries===
[[File:Lawson McGhee Library 01.jpg|thumb|[[Lawson McGhee Library]]]]

The Knox County Public Library system consists of the [[Lawson McGhee Library]], located downtown, and 17 branch libraries, overseeing a collection of over 1.3{{spaces}}million volumes.<ref name=mpcfacts/>