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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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== Sources == {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} ===Books=== * {{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Leif E. |last2=Whitaker |first2=Ewen A. |title=NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature |publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] |location=Springfield, Virginia |year=1982 |url=https://planet4589.org/astro/lunar/RP-1097.pdf |access-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815215505/https://planet4589.org/astro/lunar/RP-1097.pdf |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |last=Bethe |first=Hans |author-link=Hans Bethe |title=The Road from Los Alamos |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |location=New York |year=1968b |isbn=978-0-88318-707-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/roadfromlosalamo00beth |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last1=Bird |first1=Kai |author-link=Kai Bird |first2=Martin J. |last2=Sherwin |author-link2=Martin J. Sherwin |title=American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-375-41202-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanpromethe00bird/mode/2up |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |author-first=McGeorge |author-last=Bundy | author-link=McGeorge Bundy |title=Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years |publisher=Random House |location=New York |year=1988 | isbn=978-0-394-52278-4}} * {{cite book |last=Carson |first=Cathryn |author-link=Cathryn Carson|contribution=§Introduction |pages=1–10 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Cathryn|editor2-last=Hollinger |editor2-first=David A. |title=Reappraising Oppenheimer: Centennial Studies and Reflections|location=Berkeley, California|year=2005|isbn=978-0-9672617-3-7|publisher=Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California }} * {{cite book |last = Cassidy |first = David C. |author-link = David C. Cassidy |title = J. Robert Oppenheimer and the American Century |publisher = Pi Press |location = New York |year = 2005 |isbn = 978-0-13-147996-8 |url = https://archive.org/details/jrobertoppenheim00cass_0 }} * {{cite book |last1 = Childs |first1 = Herbert |title = An American Genius: The Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Father of the Cyclotron |url = https://archive.org/details/americangeniusl00chil |url-access = registration |publisher = E. P. Dutton |location = New York City |year = 1968 |isbn = 978-0-525-05443-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Conant |first=Jennet |author-link=Jennet Conant |title=109 East Palace: Robert Oppenheimer and the Secret City of Los Alamos |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7432-5007-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/109eastpalacerob00cona }} * {{cite book |last=Feldman |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Feldman |title=The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige |publisher=Arcade Publishing |location=New York |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-55970-537-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/nobelprizehistor00feld }} * {{cite book |last=Groves |first=Leslie |author-link=Leslie Groves |title=Now it Can be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project. |url=https://archive.org/details/nowitcanbetolds00grov |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Brothers |year=1962 |isbn=978-0-306-70738-4 |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last= Haynes |first=John Earl |author-link=John Earl Haynes |title= Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials that Shaped American Politics|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn= 978-0-521-67407-2 }} * {{cite book |last1= Haynes |first1=John Earl |author-link1=John Earl Haynes |last2=Klehr |first2=Harvey |author-link2=Harvey Klehr |last3=Vassiliev |first3=Alexander |author-link3=Alexander Vassiliev |title=Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America |location=New Haven, Connecticut |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-300-12390-6 }} * {{cite book|last=Herken|first=Gregg|author-link=Gregg Herken|title=Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller|url=https://archive.org/details/brotherhoodofbom0000herk_e3u2|url-access=registration|location=New York|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8050-6588-6}} * {{cite book |last1=Hewlett |first1=Richard G. |author-link=Richard G. Hewlett |last2=Anderson |first2=Oscar E. |title=The New World, 1939–1946 |volume=I |series=A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission |location=University Park, Pennsylvania |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |year=1962 |isbn=978-0-520-07186-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofuniteds0001unse_h9c4 |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last1=Hewlett |first1=Richard G. |author-link=Richard G. Hewlett |last2=Duncan |first2=Francis |title=Atomic Shield, 1947–1952 |volume=II |series=A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |location=University Park, Pennsylvania |year=1969 |isbn=978-0-520-07187-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/atomicshield19470000hewl |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |author-last = Hewlett |author-first = Richard G. |author-link = Richard G. Hewlett |author2-last = Holl |author2-first = Jack M. |title = Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission |url = https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/08/f2/HewlettandHollAtomsforPeaceandWarComplete.pdf |series = A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission |publisher = University of California Press |location = Berkeley, California |year = 1989 |isbn = 978-0-520-06018-0 |access-date = July 19, 2020 |archive-date = September 23, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200923022050/https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/08/f2/HewlettandHollAtomsforPeaceandWarComplete.pdf |url-status = live }} * {{cite book |last1=Hoddeson |first1=Lillian |author-link=Lillian Hoddeson |first2=Paul W. |last2=Henriksen |first3=Roger A. |last3=Meade |first4=Catherine L. |last4=Westfall |author4-link=Catherine Westfall |title=Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943–1945 |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-521-44132-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/criticalassembly0000unse }} * {{cite book |last=Hollinger |first=David A. |author-link=David Hollinger |contribution=§Afterward |pages=385–390 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Cathryn|editor2-last=Hollinger |editor2-first=David A. |title=Reappraising Oppenheimer: Centennial Studies and Reflections|location=Berkeley, California|year=2005|isbn=978-0-9672617-3-7|publisher=Office for History of Science and Technology, Univ. of California}} * {{cite book |last=Hufbauer |first=Karl |contribution=J. Robert Oppenheimer's Path to Black Holes |pages=31–47 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Cathryn|editor2-last=Hollinger |editor2-first=David A. |title=Reappraising Oppenheimer: Centennial Studies and Reflections|location=Berkeley, California|year=2005|isbn=978-0-9672617-3-7|publisher=Office for History of Science and Technology, Univ. of California}} * {{cite book |last1=Hunner |first1=John |title=J. Robert Oppenheimer, the Cold War, and the Atomic West |date=2012 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman, Oklahoma |isbn=978-0-8061-6308-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/jrobertoppenheim0000hunn }} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Vincent |title = Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb |publisher = [[United States Army Center of Military History]] |location = Washington, D.C. |year = 1985 |url = https://archive.org/details/manhattanarmyato00jone |url-access = registration }} * {{cite book |last=Jungk |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Jungk |year=1958 |title=Brighter than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists |location=New York |publisher=Harcourt Brace |isbn=978-0-15-614150-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/brighterthanthou0000unse_k5e8 |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last=Kelly |first=Cynthia C. |title=Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project: Insights into J. Robert Oppenheimer, "Father of the Atomic Bomb" |location=Hackensack, New Jersey |publisher=World Scientific |year=2006 |isbn=978-981-256-418-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/oppenheimermanha0000unse |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last=McMillan |first=Priscilla Johnson |author-link=Priscilla Johnson McMillan |title=The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Birth of the Modern Arms Race |publisher=Viking |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-670-03422-2 |url=https://archive.org/stream/ruinofjrobertopp00mcmi |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book | last = Monk | first = Ray | author-link = Ray Monk | title = Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center | year = 2012 | publisher = Doubleday | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-0-385-50407-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/robertoppenheime0000monk | url-access = registration }} * {{cite book |last= Nichols |first= Kenneth |author-link= Kenneth Nichols |title= The Road to Trinity: A Personal Account of How America's Nuclear Policies Were Made |url= https://archive.org/details/roadtotrinity0000nich |year= 1987 |publisher= William Morrow and Company |location= New York |isbn= 978-0688069100 |url-access= registration }} * {{cite book | last = Norris | first = Robert S. | title = Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, the Manhattan Project's Indispensable Man | year = 2002 | publisher = Steerforth Press | location = South Royalton, Vermont | isbn = 1-58642-039-9 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/racingforbombgen00norr }} * {{cite book|last=Pais|first=Abraham|author-link=Abraham Pais|title=J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-516673-6|location=Oxford|url=https://archive.org/details/jrobertoppenheim00pais_0|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last=Polenberg|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Polenberg|title=In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: The Security Clearance Hearing|location=Ithaca, New York |publisher=Cornell University |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8014-3783-0}} * {{cite book |last=Polenberg |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Polenberg |contribution=The Fortunate Fox |title=Reappraising Oppenheimer: Centennial Studies and Reflections |pages=267–272 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Cathryn|editor2-last=Hollinger |editor2-first=David A.|location=Berkeley, California|year=2005|isbn=978-0-9672617-3-7|publisher=Office for History of Science and Technology, Univ. of California}} * {{cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rhodes |title=The Making of the Atomic Bomb |location=New York |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-671-44133-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofatomicbo00rhod |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |author-last = Rhodes |author-first = Richard |author-link = Richard Rhodes |title = Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb |publisher = Simon & Schuster |location = New York |year = 1995 |isbn = 978-0-684-82414-7 |url = https://archive.org/details/darksunmakingofh0000rhod_b5m7 |url-access = registration }} * {{cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaustuv |title=Rethinking Curriculum in Times of Shifting Educational Context |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-61105-1 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-61106-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Schweber |first=Silvan S. |author-link=Silvan S. Schweber |title=Einstein and Oppenheimer: the Meaning of Genius |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-674-02828-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/einsteinoppenhei00schw }} * {{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Alice Kimball|author-link=Alice Kimball Smith|last2=Weiner|first2=Charles|title=Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections|url=https://archive.org/details/robertoppenheime00oppe|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|year=1980|isbn=978-0-8047-2620-7|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Spangenburg |first1=Ray |first2=Diane |last2=Moser |year=2004 |title=Science Frontiers, 1946 to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/sciencefrontiers00span |location=New York |publisher=Facts On File |isbn=978-0-816-06880-7 |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book|last=Stern|first=Philip M.|title=The Oppenheimer Case: Security on Trial|location=New York|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1969|url=https://archive.org/details/oppenheimercases0000phil|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Streshinsky |first1=Shirley |last2=Klaus |first2=Patricia |title=An Atomic Love Story: The Extraordinary Women in Robert Oppenheimer's Life |location=New York |publisher=Turner Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61858-019-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/atomiclovestorye0000stre |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last=Strout |first=Cushing |author-link=Cushing Strout |title=Conscience, Science and Security: The Case of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer |location=Chicago |publisher=Rand McNally |year=1963 }} * {{cite book |last=Szasz |first=Ferenc M. |title=The Day the Sun Rose Twice |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |year=1984 |location=Albuquerque, New Mexico |isbn=978-0-8263-0767-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/daysunrosetwic00szas }} * {{cite book |last=United States Atomic Energy Commission |author-link=United States Atomic Energy Commission |title=In the Matter of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer |year=1954 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesatom007206mbp |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last=Wolverton |first=Mark |title=A Life in Twilight: The Final Years of J. Robert Oppenheimer |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-312-37440-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeintwilightfi00wolv |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last=Wortham |first=Biscoe Hale |title=The Śatakas of Bhartr̥ihari |series=Trübner's Oriental series |publisher=Trübner |location=London |year=1886 |url=https://archive.org/details/satakasofbhartri00bharuoft/page/n30/mode/1up |url-access=registration }} * {{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Ken |author-link1=Ken Young |first2=Warner R. |last2=Schilling |author-link2=Warner R. Schilling |title=Super Bomb: Organizational Conflict and the Development of the Hydrogen Bomb |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, New York |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-5017-4516-4 }} ===Articles=== * {{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=Niall |date=February 14, 2015 |title=Man of steel |journal=[[The Lancet]] |volume=385 |issue=9968 |pages=577–662 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60221-5 |s2cid=54252502 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/vol385no9968/PIIS0140-6736(15)X6127-7 |access-date=July 15, 2023 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327172648/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/vol385no9968/PIIS0140-6736(15)X6127-7 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last=Hijiya |first=James A. |title=The ''Gita'' of Robert Oppenheimer |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=144 |issue=2 |date=June 2000 |issn=0003-049X |access-date=December 23, 2013 |url=http://www.amphilsoc.org/sites/default/files/proceedings/Hijiya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126020921/http://www.amphilsoc.org/sites/default/files/proceedings/Hijiya.pdf |archive-date=November 26, 2013 }} * {{cite magazine |last=Rhodes |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Rhodes |title='I Am Become Death ... ': The Agony of J. Robert Oppenheimer |magazine=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |date=October 1977 |url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1977/6/1977_6_70.shtml |access-date=May 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612140401/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1977/6/1977_6_70.shtml |archive-date=June 12, 2008 }} * {{cite journal |last=Sanders |first=Jane A. |date=1979 |title=The University of Washington and the Controversy over J. Robert Oppenheimer |journal=The Pacific Northwest Quarterly |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=8–19 |issn=0030-8803 |jstor=40489791}} * {{cite journal |last=Schweber |first=Silvan S. |author-link=Silvan S. Schweber |date=2006 |title=Einstein and Oppenheimer: Interactions and Intersections |journal=Science in Context |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=513–559 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/S0269889706001050 |location=United Kingdom|s2cid=145807656 }} * {{cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Terry |last2=Besmann |first2=Theodore M. |last3=Goldberg |first3=Stanley |last4=Hawkins |first4=David |date=1994 |title=Letters |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=3–60 |doi=10.1080/00963402.1994.11456544 |bibcode=1994BuAtS..50e...3S |issn=0096-3402}} * {{cite journal |last=Hart |first=Curtis W. |title=J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Faith Development Portrait |journal=[[Journal of Religion and Health]] |issn= |volume=47 |issue=1 |year=2008 |pages= 118–128 |doi=10.1007/s10943-007-9136-z|pmid=19105006 |s2cid=21379766 }} {{refend}}
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