Editing International relations (section)

====Systemic tools of international relations====
* [[Diplomacy]] is the practice of communication and negotiation between representatives of states. To some extent, all other tools of international relations can be considered the failure of diplomacy. Keeping in mind, the use of other tools are part of the communication and negotiation inherent within diplomacy. Sanctions, force, and adjusting trade regulations, while not typically considered part of diplomacy, are actually valuable tools in the interest of leverage and placement in negotiations.
* [[International sanctions|Sanctions]] are usually a first resort after the failure of diplomacy, and are one of the main tools used to enforce treaties. They can take the form of diplomatic or economic sanctions and involve the cutting of ties and imposition of barriers to communication or trade.
* [[War]], the use of force, is often thought of as the ultimate tool of international relations. A popular definition is that given by [[Carl von Clausewitz]], with war being "the continuation of politics by other means". There is a growing study into "new wars" involving actors other than states. The study of war in international relations is covered by the disciplines of "[[war studies]]" and "[[strategic studies]]".
* The mobilization of international shame can also be thought of as a tool of international relations. This is attempting to alter states' actions through '[[name and shame|naming and shaming]]' at the international level. This is mostly done by the large human rights NGOs such as [[Amnesty International]] (for instance when it called Guantanamo Bay a "Gulag"),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/POL10/014/2005/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529085859/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/POL10/014/2005/en|url-status=live|archive-date=May 29, 2009|title=Error – Amnesty International|website=www.amnesty.org}}</ref> or [[Human Rights Watch]]. A prominent use of was the [[UN Commission on Human Rights]] 1235 procedure, which publicly exposes state's human rights violations. The current [[United Nations Human Rights Council|UN Human Rights Council]] has yet to use this mechanism.
* The allotment of economic and/or diplomatic benefits such as the [[European Union]]'s [[Enlargement of the European Union|enlargement policy]]; candidate countries are only allowed to join if they meet the [[Copenhagen criteria]].
* The mutual exchange of ideas, information, art, music, and language among nations through [[cultural diplomacy]] has also been recognized by governments as an important tool in the development of international relations.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xAgkDwAAQBAJ&q=cultural+diplomacy ''Music, Art and Diplomacy East-West cultural Interactions and the Cold War''] Editors: Siom Mukkonen & Pekka Suutari. Ashgate Books, 2016 See Introduction & Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Logic of East-West Artistic Interactions -Cultural Diplomacy on books.google.com.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JqE2DwAAQBAJ&q=cultural+diplomacy ''The History of United States Cultural Diplomacy – 1770 to the Present''] Michael L. Krenn. Bloomsbury Academic, New York 2017 {{ISBN|978-1-4725-0860-7}} p. 1-8 Introduction.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DR79AAAAQBAJ&q=cultural+diplomacy ''Searching for a Cultural Diplomacy''] Editors: Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht & Mark C. Donfried. Berghahn Books , Oxford 2010 {{ISBN|978-1-845-45-746-4}} p. 3-13 Introduction – cultural diplomacy (around the world before and during the cold war) on google.books.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pXJUDwAAQBAJ&q=cultural+diplomacy ''Cultural Diplomacy: Beyond the National Interest?''] Editors: Len Ang, Yudhishthir Raj Isar, Philip Mar. Routledge, UK 2016 Chapter 1 – Cultural Diplomacy- Beyond the National Interest? on google.books.com.</ref>