Editing Iberian Peninsula (section)

==Languages==
{{main|Languages of Iberia}}
{{further|Languages of Andorra|Languages of Gibraltar|Languages of France|Languages of Spain|Languages of Portugal}}
[[File:Spanish dialects in Spain-en.png|thumb|right|250px|Languages and dialects in Spain.]]
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With the sole exception of [[Basque language|Basque]], which is of [[Language isolate|unknown origin]],<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.semana.com/educacion/articulo/el-idioma-mas-extrano-de-europa-la-lengua-vasca/540862 |title=El misterioso origen del euskera, el idioma más antiguo de Europa |date=18 September 2017 |access-date=1 September 2018 |journal=[[Semana]] |language=es}}</ref> all modern Iberian languages descend from [[Vulgar Latin]] and belong to the [[Western Romance languages]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/el-latn-en-hispania-la-romanizacin-de-la-pennsula-ibrica-el-latn-vulgar-particularidades-del-latn-hispnico-0/html/00f48998-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html |title=El latín en Hispania: la romanización de la Península Ibérica. El latín vulgar. Particularidades del latín hispánico |first=Jorge |last=Fernández Jaén |work=[[Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes]] |language=es |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Throughout history (and pre-history), many different languages have been spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to the formation and differentiation of the contemporaneous languages of Iberia; however, most of them have become extinct or fallen into disuse. Basque is the only [[Pre-Indo-European languages|non-Indo-European surviving language]] in Iberia and Western Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.cervantes.es/imagenes/file/biblioteca/situacion_espanol/lengua_%20vasca_vs_espanola.pdf |title=Lengua española y lengua vasca: Una trayectoria histórica sin fronteras |first=M.ª Teresa |last=Echenique Elizondo |journal=Revista de Filología |issue=34 |date=March 2016 |access-date=1 September 2018 |pages=235–252 |issn=0212-4130 |language=es |publisher=[[Instituto Cervantes]] }}</ref>

In modern times, [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (the official language of Spain, spoken by the entire 45&nbsp;million population in the country, the native language of about 36&nbsp;million in Europe),{{Sfn|Andreose|Renzi|2013|pp=289–290}} [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (the official language of Portugal, with a population over 10&nbsp;million), [[Catalan language|Catalan]] (over 7&nbsp;million speakers in Europe, 3.4&nbsp;million with Catalan as first language),{{Sfn|Andreose|Renzi|2013|p=293}} [[Galician language|Galician]] (understood by the 93% of the 2.8&nbsp;million Galician population){{Sfn|Andreose|Renzi|2013|p=293}} and [[Basque language|Basque]] (cf. around 1&nbsp;million speakers)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euskara.euskadi.eus/r59-738/es/contenidos/noticia/inkesta_soziol_2012/es_berria/berria.html |title=El Gobierno Vasco ha presentado los resultados más destacados de la V. Encuesta Sociolingüística de la CAV, Navarra e Iparralde |work=[[Eusko Jaurlaritza]] |language=eu|date=18 July 2012 |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> are the most widely spoken languages in the Iberian Peninsula. Spanish and Portuguese have expanded beyond Iberia to the rest of world, becoming [[world language|global languages]].

Other minority romance languages with some degree of recognition include the several varieties of [[Astur-leonese]], collectively amounting to about 0.6&nbsp;million speakers,{{Sfn|Andreose|Renzi|2013|pp=290–291}} and the [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] (spoken by barely 8% of the 130,000 people inhabiting the [[High Aragon|Alto Aragón]]).{{Sfn|Andreose|Renzi|2013|p=291}}

[[English language|English]] is the official language of Gibraltar. [[Llanito]] is a unique language in the territory, an amalgamation of mostly English and Spanish.<ref name="Gibraltar Fact Sheets">{{Cite web |title=Gibraltar Fact Sheets |url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Government of Gibraltar |language=en}}</ref> In Spain, only 54.3% could speak a foreign language, below that of the EU-28 average. Portugal meanwhile achieved 69%, above the EU average, but still below the EU median. Spain ranks 25th out of 33 European countries in the English Proficiency Index.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zafra |first=Ignacio |date=2019-11-11 |title=Spain continues to have one of the worst levels of English in Europe |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/08/inenglish/1573204575_231066.html |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=El País |language=en-us}}</ref>