Editing Hypertension (section)

===Identification===
Symptoms similar to those of patients with a hypertensive crisis are discussed in medieval Persian medical texts in the chapter of "fullness disease".<ref name="The medieval origins of the concept of hypertension">{{cite journal | vauthors = Heydari M, Dalfardi B, Golzari SE, Habibi H, Zarshenas MM | title = The medieval origins of the concept of hypertension | journal = Heart Views | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 96–98 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 25538828 | pmc = 4268622 | doi = 10.4103/1995-705X.144807 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The symptoms include headache, heaviness in the head, sluggish movements, general redness and warm to touch feel of the body, prominent, distended and tense vessels, a fullness of the pulse, distension of the skin, coloured and dense urine, loss of appetite, weak eyesight, impairment of thinking, yawning, drowsiness, vascular rupture, and hemorrhagic stroke.<ref name="pmid25310615">{{cite journal | vauthors = Emtiazy M, Choopani R, Khodadoost M, Tansaz M, Dehghan S, Ghahremani Z | title = Avicenna's doctrine about arterial hypertension | journal = Acta medico-historica Adriatica | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 157–162 | year = 2014 | pmid = 25310615 }}</ref> Fullness disease was presumed to be due to an excessive amount of blood within the blood vessels.

Descriptions of hypertension as a disease came among others from [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]] in 1808 and especially [[Richard Bright (physician)|Richard Bright]] in 1836.<ref name="pmid1744849"/> The first report of elevated blood pressure in a person without evidence of kidney disease was made by [[Frederick Akbar Mahomed]] (1849–1884).<ref>{{cite book |editor=Swales JD|title=Manual of hypertension |publisher=Blackwell Science |location=Oxford |year=1995 |page=xiii |isbn=978-0-86542-861-4}}</ref>

Until the 1990s, systolic hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilking |first=Spencer Van B. |date=1988-12-16 |title=Determinants of Isolated Systolic Hypertension |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1988.03410230069030 |journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association |language=en |volume=260 |issue=23 |pages=3451–3455 |doi=10.1001/jama.1988.03410230069030 |pmid=3210285 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref> In 1993, the WHO/ISH guidelines defined 140 mmHg as the threshold for hypertension.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1993 |title=1993 guidelines for the management of mild hypertension: memorandum from a WHO/ISH meeting. |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=71 |issue=5 |pages=503–517 |issn=0042-9686 |pmc=2393474 |pmid=8261554}}</ref>