Editing History of Ukraine (section)

==== Ukrainian State ====
{{Main|Ukrainian State}}

Amid growing unrest, a coup d'état led by General [[Pavlo Skoropadskyi]] on 29 April 1918, dismantled the UPR and established the [[Ukrainian State]], also known as the Hetmanate. Skoropadskyi, a former officer in the [[Russian Imperial Army]], assumed the title of [[Hetman of all Ukraine]], aiming to create a strong, centralized state with close ties to the [[German Empire]] and [[Austria-Hungary]]. His vision for the Hetmanate included restoring order, promoting economic development, and implementing agrarian reforms to stabilize the economy and society.<ref name=endSkoro>{{cite book |author=Europa Publications |title=Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, 1999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qmN95fFocsMC&pg=PA849 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=1999 |page=849 |isbn=978-1-85743-058-5}}</ref>

[[File:Skoropadsky - 1918 (2).jpg|left|thumb|Skoropadskyi inspecting troops from the "Greycoat" division]]
While the Hetmanate initially brought some stability, Skoropadskyi's alignment with the [[Central Powers]] and his authoritarian policies alienated many [[Ukrainians]]. Nationalists, socialists, and peasant groups grew increasingly discontented, perceiving his regime as prioritizing foreign interests over Ukrainian sovereignty. Additionally, Skoropadskyi's agricultural reforms, which often favored large landowners and reinstated some pre-revolutionary land policies, furthered resentment among the rural populace.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Showalter |first1=Dennis E. |last2=Royde-Smith |first2=John Graham |date=30 October 2023 |title=World War I {{!}} History, Summary, Causes, Combatants, Casualties, Map, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-I |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref>

As the Central Powers began to crumble in late 1918 with their defeat in [[World War I]], opposition to Skoropadskyi's rule surged. In November 1918, a coalition of anti-Hetmanate forces known as [[Directorate of Ukraine|The Directorate]], led by [[Symon Petliura]], [[Volodymyr Vynnychenko]], and other prominent Ukrainian leaders, initiated a successful uprising against Skoropadskyi’s government. By December 1918, Skoropadskyi was forced to abdicate, dissolving the Ukrainian State and restoring the Ukrainian People's Republic.{{Sfn|Yekelchyk|2007}}