Editing History of South America (section)

=== Pink tide ===
[[File:Banco del Sur.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Rafael Correa]], [[Evo Morales]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], [[Nicanor Duarte]], and [[Hugo Chávez]] at the signing of the founding charter of the [[Bank of the South]]]]

The term 'pink tide' ({{langx|es|link=no|marea rosa}}, {{langx|pt|onda rosa}}) or 'turn to the Left' (Sp.: ''vuelta hacia la izquierda'', Pt.: ''Guinada à Esquerda'') are phrases which are used in contemporary 21st century [[Political science|political analysis]] in the media and elsewhere to describe the perception that [[leftism|leftist]] ideology in general, and [[left-wing politics]] in particular, were increasingly becoming influential in Latin America.<ref name="bbc4">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4311957.stm|title=South America's leftward sweep|author=BBC News Americas |work=bbc.co.uk|date=2 March 2005}}</ref><ref name="pitts">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_310062.html|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516065906/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_310062.html|archive-date=2016-05-16|title=Arquivo.pt|website=arquivo.pt|access-date=2016-03-24}}</ref><ref name="boston">{{cite web|url=https://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2007/01/14/the_many_stripes_of_anti_americanism/|title=The many stripes of anti-Americanism – The Boston Globe|work=boston.com}}</ref>

Since the 2000s or 1990s in some countries, left-wing political parties have risen to power. [[Hugo Chávez]] in Venezuela, [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] and [[Dilma Rousseff]] in Brazil, [[Fernando Lugo]] in Paraguay, [[Néstor Kirchner|Néstor]] and [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] in Argentina, [[Tabaré Vázquez]] and [[José Mujica]] in Uruguay, the [[Ricardo Lagos|Lagos]] and [[Michelle Bachelet|Bachelet]] governments in Chile, [[Evo Morales]] in Bolivia, and [[Rafael Correa]] of Ecuador are all part of this wave of left-wing politicians who also often declare themselves socialists, Latin Americanists or [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialists]].
[[File:Dilma Rousseff - foto oficial 2011-01-09.jpg|thumb|right|upright|240px|[[Excellency|Her Excellency]] Dilma Rousseff, [[List of Presidents of Brazil|36th]] [[President of Brazil]]]]

;The list of leftist South American presidents is, by date of election, the following:
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* 1998: {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Hugo Chávez]], Venezuela<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Unraveling of Representative Democracy in Venezuela|last1 = McCoy|first1 = Jennifer L|publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press|year = 2006|isbn =978-0-8018-8428-3|location = Baltimore, Maryland|page = 310|last2 = Myers|first2 = David J.|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rtJVhJZF6WgC}}</ref>
* 1999: {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Ricardo Lagos]], Chile<ref>{{cite book |last1=Góngora |first1=Álvaro |last2=de la Taille |first2=Alexandrine|last3=Vial |first3=Gonzalo |author-link3=Gonzalo Vial Correa |title=Jaime Eyzaguirre en su tiempo |language=es |publisher=Zig-Zag |pages=173–174 }}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite web|url=http://www.watsoninstitute.org/contacts_detail.cfm?id=761 |title=Watson Institute for International Studies |publisher=[[Brown University]] |year=2009 |access-date=2009-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818205635/http://www.watsoninstitute.org/contacts_detail.cfm?id=761 |archive-date=August 18, 2009 }}</ref>
* 2002: {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], Brazil<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12097490 |title=Lula leaves office as Brazil's 'most popular' president |publisher=BBC |date=31 December 2010 |access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2009/09/21/the-most-popular-politician-on-earth.html |title=The Most Popular Politician on Earth |newspaper=Newsweek |date=31 December 2010 |access-date=4 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229032256/http://www.newsweek.com/2009/09/21/the-most-popular-politician-on-earth.html |archive-date=29 December 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/12891019 |title=Lula's last lap |newspaper=The Economist |date=8 January 2009 |access-date=4 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11414276|title=Lula's legacy for Brazil's next president| first=Elizabeth 'Liz' |last=Throssell |date=30 September 2010 |work=BBC News|access-date=29 March 2012}}</ref>
* 2002: {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Lucio Gutiérrez]], Ecuador<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4453153.stm | work=[[BBC News]] | title=Ecuador lifts state of emergency | date=April 17, 2005 | access-date=May 11, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =Perfil de Lucio Gutiérrez | work =hoy.com.ec | publisher =Explored | date =November 25, 2002 | language= es | url =http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/perfil-de-lucio-gutierrez-132043.html | archive-url =https://archive.today/20130803080035/http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/perfil-de-lucio-gutierrez-132043.html | archive-date =August 3, 2013 | access-date = September 19, 2013}}</ref>
* 2003: {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Néstor Kirchner]], Argentina<ref>{{cite web|url=http://upsidedownworld.org/main/argentina-archives-32/964-elections-in-argentina-cristinas-low-income-voter-support-base |title=Elections in Argentina: Cristina's Low-Income Voter Support Base |publisher=Upsidedownworld.org |date=24 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1425&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=481319 |title=Latin American Program |publisher=Wilson Center |access-date=2016-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101103234/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1425&fuseaction=topics.event_summary&event_id=481319 |archive-date=2009-01-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Levitsky | first1=Steven | last2=Murillo | first2=María Victoria | title=Argentina: From Kirchner to Kirchner | journal=Journal of Democracy | volume=19 | issue=2 | date=2008 | issn=1086-3214 | doi=10.1353/jod.2008.0030 | pages=16–30 | url=http://www.columbia.edu/~mm2140/Publications%20in%20English_files/JOD08.pdf | access-date=October 30, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624155618/http://www.columbia.edu/~mm2140/Publications%20in%20English_files/JOD08.pdf | archive-date=June 24, 2010 }}</ref>
* 2004: {{flagicon|URU}} [[Tabaré Vázquez]], Uruguay<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/social-democracy-lives-in-latin-america?barrier=true|title=Social democracy lives in Latin America|work=Project Syndicate|date=10 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCPolicyResearchBrief29.pdf|title=The Expansion of Non-Contributory Transfers in Uruguay in Recent Years|author=Verónica Amarante and Andrea Vigorito|publisher=[[International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth]]|date=August 2012|access-date=2016-03-22|archive-date=2016-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404010932/http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCPolicyResearchBrief29.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=48320 |title=Uruguay: A Chance to Leave Poverty Behind |work=IPS News |date=3 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107010927/http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=48320 |archive-date=November 7, 2009}}</ref>
* 2005: {{flagicon|BOL}} [[Evo Morales]], Bolivia{{sfnm|1a1=Harten|1y=2011|1p=35|2a1=Webber|2y=2011|2p=62}}{{efn|Morales is described as the first indigenous president of Bolivia in academic studies of his presidency, such as those of [[Betilde Muñoz-Pogossian|Muñoz-Pogossian]],{{sfn|Muñoz-Pogossian|2008|p=180}} Webber,{{sfn|Webber|2011|p=1}} Philip and Panizza,{{sfn|Philip|Panizza|2011|p=57}} and Farthing and Kohl,{{sfn|Farthing|Kohl|2014|p=1}} as well as in press reports, such as those of [[BBC News]].<ref name="BBC bio">{{cite news |title=Profile: Bolivia's President Evo Morales |date=13 October 2014 |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12166905}}</ref> However, there have been challenges to this claim by critics who have asserted that Morales probably has some European ancestry, and thus on genetic grounds is technically ''[[mestizo]]'' rather than solely indigenous.{{sfn|Harten|2011|p=7}} Harten asserted that this argument was "misguided[,] wrong[... and] above all irrelevant" because regardless of his genetic makeup, the majority of Bolivians perceive Morales as being the first indigenous president.{{sfn|Harten|2011|p=7}} In Bolivian society, indigeneity is a fluid concept rooted in cultural identity;{{sfn|Harten|2011|p=7}} for instance, many indigenous individuals that have settled in urban areas and abandoned their traditional rural customs have come to identify as ''mestizo''.{{sfn|Farthing|Kohl|2014|p=22}}{{sfnm|1a1=Sivak|1y=2010|1p=82–83|2a1=Harten|2y=2011|2pp=112–118|3a1=Farthing|3a2=Kohl|3y=2014|3p=11}} }}<ref name="Evo Morales">{{cite news |title=Evo Morales wins landslide victory in Bolivian presidential elections |last=Carroll |first=Rory |author-link=Rory Carroll |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/07/morales-presidential-victory |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |date=7 December 2009 |access-date=20 August 2011}}</ref>
* 2006: {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Michelle Bachelet]], Chile<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biobiochile.cl/2013/12/16/bachelet-primera-mujer-presidenta-y-primer-presidente-reelecto-desde-1932.shtml|title=Michelle Bachelet: primera mujer presidenta y primer presidente reelecto desde 1932|work=www.facebook.com/RadioBioBio|date=16 December 2013|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012821/http://biobiochile.cl/2013/12/16/bachelet-primera-mujer-presidenta-y-primer-presidente-reelecto-desde-1932.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="agnostic">{{cite news |url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2005/12/30/206367/bachelet-critica-a-la-derecha-por-descalificarla-por-ser-agnostica.html |title=Bachelet critica a la derecha por descalificarla por ser agnóstica |newspaper=El Mercurio |trans-title=Bachelet criticises the political right for discounting her because of her agnosticism |date=30 December 2005 |access-date=25 November 2014 |language=es |archive-date=25 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225151905/http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2005/12/30/206367/bachelet-critica-a-la-derecha-por-descalificarla-por-ser-agnostica.html }}</ref>
* 2006: {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Rafael Correa]], Ecuador<ref name="TRN2009Win">''[https://archive.today/20120715050859/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=74&jumival=3622 "Avenger against oligarchy" wins in Ecuador]'' [[The Real News]], 27 April 2009.</ref><ref name="drug smuggling">{{cite news | last=Soto | first=Alonso | title=Ecuador's Correa admits father was drug smuggler | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN1423713820070414 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114045440/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKN1423713820070414 | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 14, 2011 | agency=Reuters UK| access-date=14 Apr 2007 | date=14 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="OpenDemocracy">{{cite web |author=Guy Hedgecoe |title=Rafael Correa: An Ecuadorian Journey |date=29 April 2009 |website=openDemocracy |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/rafael-correa-an-ecuadorian-journey |access-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054104/https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/rafael-correa-an-ecuadorian-journey |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geneall.net/H/per_page.php?id=633442 |title=Rafael Correa Icaza |publisher=GeneAll.net |date=23 March 1934 |access-date=4 December 2011}}</ref>
* 2007: {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], Argentina<ref name="CFK back at Olivos presidential residency after CELAC summit">{{cite news|title=CFK back at Olivos presidential residency after CELAC summit |url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/150849/cfk-back-at-olivos-presidential-residency-after-celac-summit |newspaper=[[Buenos Aires Herald]] |date=29 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202104503/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/150849/cfk-back-at-olivos-presidential-residency-after-celac-summit |archive-date=2 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name="CFK to Harvard students: there is no 'dollar clamp'; don't repeat monochord questions">{{cite news|title= CFK to Harvard students: there is no 'dollar clamp'; don't repeat monochord questions|work=MercoPress|date=28 September 2012|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2012/09/28/cfk-to-harvard-students-there-is-no-dollar-clamp-don-t-repeat-monochord-questions}}</ref>{{efn|She is variously known as Cristina Fernández,<ref name="CFK to Harvard students: there is no 'dollar clamp'; don't repeat monochord questions" /><ref name="Profile: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner">{{cite news|title=Profile: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner|work=BBC News|date=8 October 2013|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12284208}}</ref> Cristina K, or Cristina.<ref name="Profile: Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner"/><ref name="Aerolineas takeover shadows Cristina K visit to Spain">{{cite news|title= Aerolineas takeover shadows Cristina K visit to Spain|work= MercoPress|date= 9 February 2009|url= http://en.mercopress.com/2009/02/09/aerolineas-takeover-shadows-cristina-k-visit-to-spain|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140628214529/http://en.mercopress.com/2009/02/09/aerolineas-takeover-shadows-cristina-k-visit-to-spain|archive-date= 28 June 2014 }}</ref>|group="note"}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Latin America's crony capitalism. (Alvaro Vargas Llosa)(Interview)|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-137406528|publisher=Reason |via=|url-access=|date=28 January 2013}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cronyism and Corruption are Killing Economic Freedom in Argentina|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-224552730.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514122803/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-224552730.html|archive-date=14 May 2013|work=[[The Heritage Foundation|Heritage Foundation]]|publisher=[[HighBeam Research]]|date=22 April 2010|first=James M.|last=Roberts|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443404004577577013392087338|title=Pierpaolo Barbieri: A Lesson in Crony Capitalism|work=WSJ|first=Pierpaolo|last=Barbieri|date=8 August 2012|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Don't lie to me, Argentina">{{cite news|title=Don't lie to me, Argentina|newspaper=The Economist|date=25 February 2012|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21548242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307233906/http://www.economist.com/node/21548242|archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="The price of cooking the books">{{cite news|title=The price of cooking the books|newspaper=The Economist|date=25 February 2012|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21548229|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214015122/http://www.economist.com/node/21548229|archive-date=14 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Knock, knock">{{cite news|title=Knock, knock|newspaper=The Economist|date=21 June 2012|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21559384|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305232553/http://www.economist.com/node/21559384|archive-date=5 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="fpt-ataca-macri">{{cite news |url=http://www.clarin.com/capital_federal/subte-traspaso-Buenos_Aires-Gobierno_Nacional-spot_publicitario_0_753524919.html?commentsPage=4|title=El Gobierno usó a Fútbol para Todos para atacar a Macri |date=August 11, 2012|work=Clarín}}</ref><ref name="lanacion-subte-macri">{{cite news|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1498512-el-gobierno-difundio-un-comercial-sobre-el-subte-en-el-futbol-para-todos|title=El Gobierno difundió un aviso polémico aviso sobre el subte|date=August 11, 2012|work=La Nación|access-date=March 22, 2016|archive-date=January 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110175455/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1498512-el-gobierno-difundio-un-comercial-sobre-el-subte-en-el-futbol-para-todos|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2008: {{flagicon|PAR}} [[Fernando Lugo]], Paraguay<ref name="csmonitor1">{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2012/0624/Does-Paraguay-risk-pariah-status-with-president-s-ouster|title=Does Paraguay risk pariah status with president's ouster?|first=Peter|last=Orsi|agency=Associated Press|date=2012-06-24}}</ref><ref name="frenteguasu1">{{cite web|url=http://frenteguasu.org.py/el-fg-no-defraudara-la-confianza-del-pueblo-afirma-lugo |title=Frente Guasu |work=frenteguasu.org.py |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503223008/http://frenteguasu.org.py/el-fg-no-defraudara-la-confianza-del-pueblo-afirma-lugo |archive-date=May 3, 2013}}</ref>
* 2010: {{flagicon|URU}} [[José Mujica]], Uruguay<ref name=vlad>{{cite news |last = Hernandez |first = Vladimir |title = Jose Mujica: The World's 'Poorest' President |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20243493 |newspaper = BBC News Magazine |date = 14 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>Jonathan Watts (13 December 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/13/uruguay-president-jose-mujica?CMP=fb_gu Uruguay's president José Mujica: no palace, no motorcade, no frills]. ''[[The Guardian]].'' Retrieved 15 December 2013.</ref><ref>[http://diariolarepublica.net/de-paseo-por-muxika/ Mujica paseará por Muxika, la tierra de sus antepasados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328124648/http://diariolarepublica.net/de-paseo-por-muxika/ |date=2016-03-28 }}, Diario La República</ref><ref>[http://diariolarepublica.net/mujica-recibio-las-llaves-de-la-ciudad-de-muxika/ Mujica recibió las llaves de la ciudad de Muxika] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328013510/http://diariolarepublica.net/mujica-recibio-las-llaves-de-la-ciudad-de-muxika/ |date=2016-03-28 }}, Diario La República</ref>
* 2010: {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Dilma Rousseff]], Brazil<ref name="EFE">EFE. [http://noticias.bol.uol.com.br/internacional/2010/10/31/dilma-1-mulher-presidente-e-unica-economista-em-121-anos-de-republica.jhtm "Dilma, 1ª mulher presidente e única economista em 121 anos de República"]. BOL. 31 October 2010.</ref><ref name="AgBr">Bennett, Allen [http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/thenewsinenglish;jsessionid=6FAF164D075F0F93B2F71B6909FCC5F4?p_p_id=56&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_56_groupId=19523&_56_articleId=1016406 "Dilma Rousseff biography"] {{dead link|date=March 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, [[Agência Brasil]], 9 August 2010</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news|author=Daniel Schwartz|date=31 October 2010|title=Dilma Rousseff|work=CBC News [[CBC.ca]]|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/dilma-rousseff-1.876366|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref>
* 2011: {{flagicon|PER}} [[Ollanta Humala]], Peru<ref name=":1">''[[The Guardian]]'', April 11, 2011, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/11/peru-elections-fujimori-hamala-runoff Peru elections: Fujimori and Humala set for runoff vote]</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news|last1=Leahy|first1=Joe|title=Peru president rejects link to Petrobras scandal|publisher=FT.com|agency=Financial Times|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/87349398-da88-11e5-9ba8-3abc1e7247e4.html#axzz42VcVN2wQ|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210211257/https://www.ft.com/content/87349398-da88-11e5-9ba8-3abc1e7247e4#axzz42VcVN2wQ|archive-date=2022-12-10|url-access=subscription|access-date=24 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|last1=Post|first1=Colin|title=Peru: Ollanta Humala implicated in Brazil's Carwash scandal|url=http://perureports.com/2016/02/23/peru-ollanta-humala-implicated-in-brazils-carwash-scandal/|access-date=23 February 2016|website=www.perureports.com|date=23 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="hoy">''[[Hoy (Peruvian newspaper)|Diario Hoy]]'', October 31, 2000, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130817191443/http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/peru-coronelazo-no-cuaja-50268-50268.html PERU, CORONELAZO NO CUAJA]</ref><ref name=":4">{{in lang|es}} BBC, January 4, 2005, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_4144000/4144497.stm Perú: insurgentes se rinden]</ref>
* 2013: {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Nicolás Maduro]], Venezuela<ref name="sworn">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22220526 "Nicolas Maduro sworn in as new Venezuelan president"]. BBC News. 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013</ref><ref name="elmundo2012">{{cite news|date=27 December 2012|title=Perfil &#124; ¿Quién es Nicolás Maduro?|language=es|newspaper=El Mundo|url=http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/politica/perfil---nicolas-maduro-cruzo-la-calle.aspx|access-date=9 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002135115/http://www.elmundo.com.ve/noticias/actualidad/politica/perfil---nicolas-maduro-cruzo-la-calle.aspx|archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera">{{cite web|date=March 2013|title=Profile: Nicolas Maduro – Americas|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/03/2013397107588721.html|access-date=9 March 2013|publisher=Al Jazeera English}}</ref><ref name="GUARD2013">{{cite news|last1=Lopez|first1=Virginia|last2=Watts|first2=Jonathan|date=15 April 2013|title=Who is Nicolás Maduro? Profile of Venezuela's new president|agency=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/15/nicolas-maduro-profile-venezuela-president|access-date=27 March 2015}}</ref>
* 2014: {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Michelle Bachelet]], Chile <ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-president Michelle Bachelet wins Chile poll run-off |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-25387340 |work=BBC News |date=15 December 2013}}</ref>
* 2015: {{flagicon|URU}} [[Tabaré Vázquez]], Uruguay <ref>{{cite news |title=Tabare Vazquez wins Uruguay's run-off election |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-30268862 |work=BBC News |date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
* 2017: {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Lenín Moreno]], Ecuador<ref name=":5">{{cite web|author=Santiago Piedra Silva|date=2017-05-24|title=New leftist Ecuador president takes office|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/leftist-ecuador-president-takes-office-160731947.html|access-date=2017-07-16|publisher=Yahoo.com}}</ref>
* 2019: {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Alberto Fernández]], Argentina
* 2020: {{flagicon|BOL}} [[Luis Arce]], Bolivia
* 2021: {{flagicon|PER}} [[Pedro Castillo]], Peru<ref name="DW.COM">{{cite news |title=Peru: Pedro Castillo sworn in as president |url=https://www.dw.com/en/peru-pedro-castillo-sworn-in-as-president/a-58672989 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=28 July 2021}}</ref>
* 2022: {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Gabriel Boric|Gabriel Boric Font]], Chile <ref name="the Guardian">{{cite news |title=Gabriel Boric, 36, sworn in as president to herald new era for Chile |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/11/gabriel-boric-chile-president-new-era |work=the Guardian |date=11 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* 2022: {{flagicon|COL}} [[Gustavo Petro]], Colombia <ref name="www.aljazeera.com">{{cite news |title=Ex-rebel takes oath as Colombia's first left-wing president |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/8/gustavo-petro-ex-rebel-fighter-sworn-in-as-colombias-president |work=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 2023: {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], Brazil <ref>{{cite news |title=Lula sworn in as Brazil president as predecessor Bolsonaro flies to US |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64138739 |work=BBC News |date=1 January 2023}}</ref>
* 2025: {{flagicon|URU}} [[Yamandu Orsi]], Uruguay <ref>{{cite news |title=Uruguay's new leftist president takes office |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/uruguay-s-new-leftist-president-takes-office/7994077.html |work=Voice of America |date=2 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

{{clear}}