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===Possessives=== To indicate possession the ending of the noun indicating the possessor changes depending on the word's ending in the [[nominative case]]. For example, to ''a, u, i'', or ''y'' in [[Polish language|Polish]], ''а, я, ы'', or ''и'' in [[Russian language|Russian]], ''а, я, y, ю, і, и'' or ''ей'' in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], and similar cases in other Slavic languages. :Nominative: (pol.) "Oto Anton" / (rus.) "Вот Антон" / (ukr.) "Ось Антон" ("Here is Anton"). :Genitive: (pol.) "Oto obiad Anton'''а'''" / (rus.) "Вот обед Антон'''а'''" / (ukr.) "Ось oбід Антон'''а'''" ("Here is Anton's lunch"). Possessives can also be formed by the construction (pol.) "u [subject] jest [object]" / (rus.) "У [subject] есть [object]"/ (ukr.) "у(в) [subject] є [object]" :Nominative: (pol.) "Oto Anton" / (rus.) "Вот Антон" / (ukr.) "Ось Антон" ("Here is Anton"). :Genitive: (pol.) "u Anton'''а''' jest obiad / (rus.) "У Антон'''а''' есть обед" / (ukr.) "У(В) Антон'''а''' є обід" ("Anton has a lunch", literally: "(There) is a lunch at Anton's"). In sentences where the possessor includes an associated pronoun, the pronoun also changes: :Nominative: (pol.) Oto mój brat / (rus.) "Вот мой брат"/ (ukr.) "От мій брат" ("Here is my brother"). :Genitive: (pol.) "u moj'''ego''' brat'''а''' jest obiad / (rus.) "У мо'''его''' брат'''а''' есть обед" / (ukr.) "У мо'''го''' брат'''а''' є обід" ("My brother has a lunch", literally: "(There) is a lunch at my_brother's"). And in sentences denoting negative possession, the ending of the object noun also changes: :Nominative: (pol.) "Oto Irena/Kornelia" / (rus.) "Вот Ирена/Корнелия" / (ukr.) "От Ірена/Корнелія" ("Here is Irene/Kornelia"). :Genitive: (pol.) "Irena/Kornelia nie ma obiad'''u''' ("Irene/Kornelia does not have a lunch") or (pol.) "u Iren'''y'''/Korneli'''i''' nie ma obiad'''u''' ("(There) is no lunch at Irene's/Kornelia's") The Polish phrase "nie ma [object]" can work both as a negation of having [object] or a negation of an existence of [object], but the meaning of the two sentences and its structure is different. (In the first case [subject] is Irene, and in the second case [subject] is virtual, it is "the space" at Irene's place, not Irene herself) :Genitive: (rus.) "У Ирен'''ы'''/Корнели'''и''' нет обед'''а'''" ("Irene/Kornelia does not have a lunch", literally: "(There) is no lunch at Irene's/Kornelia's"). The Russian word "нет" is a contraction of "не" + "есть". In Russian there is no distinction between [subject] not having an [object] and [object] not being present at [subject]'s.<!-- WRONG. "Ирина не имеет обеда" can be used as well --> :Genitive: (ukr.) "Ірена/Корнелія не має обід'''у''' ("Irene does not have a lunch") or (ukr.) "y Ірен'''и'''/Корнелі'''ї''' нема(є) обід'''у''' ("At Irene's does not have a lunch") Note the difference between the spelling "не має [object]" and "нема(є) [object]" in both cases.
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