Editing Foreign relations of Israel (section)

== Sub-Saharan Africa ==
Israel has diplomatic relations with 42 of the 44 [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n states that are not members of the [[Arab League]], including a number of Muslim-majority states.

=== Angola ===
{{Main|Angola–Israel relations}}

Relations between Israel and [[Angola–Israel relations|Angola]] are based on trade and foreign policy. In 2005, President [[José Eduardo dos Santos]] visited Israel. In March 2006, the trade volume between the two countries amounted to $400 million. The Israeli ambassador to Angola is Avraham Benjamin.

=== Botswana ===
{{Main|Botswana–Israel relations}}

The two countries established relations in 1993. Neither has a formal consulate or embassy in the other country, but the two governments have cooperated on several development initiatives. Six Israeli-centered diamond companies have operations in Botswana.<ref>[http://www.ibotswana.co.bw/news/local/item/11871-israel-north-korea-present-credentials.html Israel, North Korea Present Credentials] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503121135/http://www.ibotswana.co.bw/news/local/item/11871-israel-north-korea-present-credentials.html |date=3 May 2014}} iBotswana</ref>

=== Cameroon ===
{{Main|Israel-Cameroon relations}}

H.E. Mr. Henri Etoundi Essomba, Ambassador of Cameroon to Israel in 2012, serves as the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in Israel.<ref>[[Yad Vashem]] Symposium announcement: 70 Years Since the [[Wannsee Conference]]: the Organization of the Mass Murder of the Jews and Its Significance; Jerusalem, 23 January 2012</ref>

Relations were cut off in the wake of the [[Yom Kippur war]], but restored in 1986, and Cameroon and Israel now have many military and political ties, with Israel training and arming Cameroon's rapid reaction forces<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/02/25/boko-haram-are-finally-losing-and-that-makes-them-extra-dangerous.html|title=Boko Haram Are Finally Losing. And That Makes Them Extra Dangerous.|first=Nancy A.|last=Youssef|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=25 February 2015}}</ref> and Cameroon voting against many anti-Israel resolutions at the UN.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2013/gaspd550.doc.htm |title=Fourth Committee Forwards 28 Drafts to General Assembly for Adoption, Concluding Work for Session &#124; Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |publisher=Un.org |date=14 November 2013 |access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref>

=== Chad ===
{{Main|Chad–Israel relations}}

In November 2018, Chadian President [[Idriss Déby]] paid a visit to Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/President-of-Chad-makes-unannounced-historic-visit-572804|title=President of Chad makes unannounced historic visit – Israel News – Jerusalem Post|website=www.jpost.com|date=26 November 2018 }}</ref> In January 2019, Prime Minister Netanyahu paid a visit to Chad and both nations re-established diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46938869|title=Israel in 'new partnership' with Chad|work=BBC News|date=20 January 2019}}</ref> In February 2023, Chadian President [[Mahamat Déby|Mahamat Deby]] visited Israel and opened a Chad embassy in the Ramat Gan town in Israel.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-02 |title=Israel to Chad: need to curb Iran, Hezbollah clout in Sahel |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/israel-chad-idUSKBN2UC0XQ |access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref>

=== Djibouti ===

Although Israel does not have diplomatic or official trade relations with Djibouti (a member of the Arab League), following a meeting between officials of both countries in September 1995, plans were then announced to open liaison offices in the respective countries' capitals, prior to the possible establishment of diplomatic relations between the two states.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/djibouti-government.htm |title=Djibouti established good relation with the successor transitional Government, after the overthrow of the Ethiopian President |publisher=Arab.de |date=11 February 2007}}</ref> However, such relations did not materialize.

=== Eritrea ===
{{Main|Eritrea–Israel relations}}

Eritrea developed relations with Israel shortly after gaining its independence in 1993, despite protests among Arab countries. Israeli-Eritrean relations are close. The president of Eritrea has visited Israel for medical treatment.<ref>{{cite web|last=Segal |first=Naomi |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-74229912.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025050856/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-74229912.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-10-25 |title=Eritrea-Israel relations}}</ref> However, Eritrea condemned Israeli military action during the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=Dec 30, 2008 |title=Press Statement |url=http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_009246.html |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090125141157/http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_009246.html |archive-date=25 January 2009 |url-status=dead |website=shabait.com}}</ref> Israeli-Eritrean ties are complicated by Israel's close ties to Ethiopia.

=== Eswatini ===
Israel established diplomatic relations with Eswatini in September 1968,<ref name="mfa.gov.il" /> immediately following that country achieving independence from the United Kingdom. Eswatini was one of only three Sub-Saharan African states (the others being Lesotho and Malawi) that continued to maintain full diplomatic relations with Israel in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and has never severed such ties.<ref name="MFA-Africa" />

=== Ethiopia ===
{{Main|Ethiopia–Israel relations}}

In Africa, [[Ethiopia–Israel relations|Ethiopia]] is Israel's main and closest ally in the continent, due to common political, religious and security interests.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/world/middleeast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15453225 |title=Ethiopia Israel's closest continental ally |newspaper=The Economist |date=4 February 2010}}</ref> However, relations were severed between the years 1973 and 1989. Many towns in Ethiopia are named after biblical Israel settlements, including Ethiopia's third largest city of Nazret ([[Adama]]). Israel also provides expertise to Ethiopia on irrigation projects. Thousands of Ethiopian Jews ([[Beta Israel]]) live in Israel. In 2012, Israel appointed a Beta Israeli of Ethiopian origin, Beylanesh Zevadia, as ambassador to Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/foreign-ministry-names-first-israeli-of-ethiopian-origin-as-ambassador-1.415405|title=Foreign Ministry Names First Israeli of Ethiopian Origin as Ambassador |last=Ravid |first=Barak |date=28 February 2012 |work=Haaretz |language=en |access-date=11 June 2017}}</ref>

=== Ghana ===
{{Main|Ghana–Israel relations}}

Diplomatic relations with Ghana were established immediately following Ghanaian independence in 1957. Agreement on technical cooperation was concluded on 25 May 1962. On 24 May 1968, a trade agreement was concluded. A cultural cooperation agreement was concluded on 1 March 1973.

Relations were broken at the initiative of the government of Ghana on 28 October 1973, following the Yom Kippur war.<ref name="archives1973">{{Cite web|url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=77398&dt=2472&dl=1345|title=Diplomatic cable from US Department of State, 29 October 1973}}</ref> Improvement in relations followed Israeli attempts to prevent Ghanaian support for the Palestinian Authority, which led to a state visit to Ghana by Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs Avigdor Liberman in September 2009. During that visit, a bilateral agreement for agricultural cooperation was signed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/MFA+Spokesman/2009/Press+releases/FM_Liberman_visits_Ghana_7_Sep_2009.htm |title=FM Liberman visits Ghana |publisher=Mfa.gov.il |date=7 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=168250 |title="Ghana and Israel sign Aquaculture agreement" Ghanaweb, 9 September 2009 |work=GhanaWeb |publisher=Ghanaweb.com |date=7 September 2009}}</ref> Diplomatic relations were restored in September 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/MFA+Spokesman/2011/Israel_reopens_embassy_Ghana_14-Sep-2011.htm |title=Israel reopens embassy in Ghana |publisher=Mfa.gov.il |date=14 September 2011}}</ref>

=== Guinea ===
Diplomatic relations between Israel and the Republic of Guinea were established in 1958, but were strained due to the Cold War, as the Israeli government supported US policy while the government of Guinea took a pro-Soviet line. These relations were broken on 5 June 1967 when war broke out between Israel and Egypt in the Six-Day War. After Israel's support to Guinea during [[Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea|its fight against the Ebola virus]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.732319|title=Israel and Guinea renew diplomatic relations after 49 years |website=Haaretz|access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> relations between the two states were restored on 20 July 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2016/Pages/Israel-and-Republic-of-Guinea-sign-agreement-renewing-diplomatic-ties-20-July-2016.aspx|title=Israel and Republic of Guinea sign agreement renewing diplomatic ties|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>

=== Kenya ===
{{Main|Israel–Kenya relations}}

Diplomatic relations were established in December 1963. Israel has an embassy in [[Nairobi]] and Kenya has an embassy in [[Tel Aviv]]. In 2003, Kenya requested Israel's help in developing a national [[solar energy]] program.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kenya seeks Israel's help in solar energy. |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24547033_ITM |work=[[Panafrican News Agency]] via Asia Africa Intelligence Wire |date=29 September 2003 |access-date=9 July 2009}}</ref> In 2006, Israel sent an 80-person search-and-rescue team to Kenya to save people trapped in rubble when a multistory building collapsed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel Aids Victims of Kenya Disaster |url=http://www.jewishexponent.com/article/2262/ |work=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] in the [[Jewish Exponent]] |date=26 January 2006 |access-date=10 July 2009}}</ref> Following the [[2007 Kenyan presidential election]] Israel donated medicine to the [[Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital]] in [[Eldoret]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nairobi.mfa.gov.il/mfm/web/main/Document.asp?SubjectID=18365&MissionID=44&LanguageID=0&StatusID=3&DocumentID=-1 |title=Bilateral Relations: Latest Developments |access-date=9 July 2009 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>

=== Lesotho ===
Lesotho was one of only three Sub-Saharan African states (the others being Eswatini and Malawi) that maintained full diplomatic relations with Israel in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War in 1973.<ref name="MFA-Africa">[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Facts+About+Israel/Among+the+Nations/ISRAEL+AMONG+THE+NATIONS-+Africa.htm?DisplayMode=print Israel Among the Nations:Africa] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 28 October 2010</ref>

=== Liberia ===
{{Main|Israel–Liberia relations}}
[[File:William Tubman smoking with David Ben Gurion.jpg|thumb|Liberian President William Tubman with David Ben-Gurion in 1962]]

Liberia was one of the United Nations member states to vote in favor of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine in 1947.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gershoni |first1=Yekutiel |title=Liberia and Israel: The Evolution of a Relationship |journal=Liberian Studies Journal|date=1989|volume=14|issue=1 |page=7|url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/lsj/article/view/4122/3749 |access-date=9 August 2022|jstor=|issn=|oclc=}}</ref> Israel and Liberia established relations in the late 1950s. The administration of [[William Tolbert]] severed ties with the Israeli government in 1973 in response to the Yom Kippur War, but they were re-established in 1983 by [[Samuel Doe]], who succeeded Tolbert via coup.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/liberia/timeline/time4.html|title=Events 1971 - 2000|last=|first=|date=2022|website=|publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=9 August 2022 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|pages=712–713}}</ref>

=== Madagascar ===
Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutTheMinistry/LegalTreaties/Pages/Bilateral-Treaties.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807222819/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutTheMinistry/LegalTreaties/Pages/Bilateral-Treaties.aspx |archive-date=2013-08-07 |title=Bilateral Treaties}}</ref>

=== Malawi ===
{{Main|Israel–Malawi relations}}

Israel established diplomatic relations with Malawi in July 1964,<ref name="mfa.gov.il" /> immediately following that country achieving independence from the United Kingdom. Malawi was one of only three Sub-Saharan African states (the others being Eswatini and Lesotho) that continued to maintain full diplomatic relations with Israel in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and has never severed such ties.<ref name="MFA-Africa" />

=== Mauritania ===
{{Main|Israel–Mauritania relations}}

Mauritania [[Declaration of war|declared war]] on Israel as a result of the 1967 [[Six-Day War]],<ref name="Oz" /> following the [[Arab League]]'s collective decision (although Mauritania was not formally admitted to the League until November 1973).<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&dq=Mauritania+six-day+war+declare+OR+declaration&pg=PA127 ''The encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli conflict: a political, social, and military history, Volume 1 A-H''], Spencer Tucker, ABC-CLIO Inc, 2008, p127. Retrieved 25 December 2011</ref> Mautritania did not reverse that declaration until at least 1991.<ref name="Oz">[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/features/inbedwithphillip/episodes/151-amos-oz/ War and its Legacy] [[Amos Oz]] interview with [[Phillip Adams (writer)|Phillip Adams]], 10 September 1991, re-broadcast on [[ABC Radio National]] 23 December 2011</ref>

Mauritania did not abide by moves to [[International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict#The legal consequence of subsequent events|recognise]] Israel's right to exist in the same way as most other [[Arab countries]] later did, staying true to the 1967 [[Khartoum Resolution]] which, in reference to Israel, stated “no peace, no recognition, no negotiable.”

Little public information exists, and an account of Israeli-Mauritanian relations must be inferred from a number of indirect known factors, such as: behind the scenes meetings between Mauritania and Israel in 1995 and 1996, said to be at the instigation of Mauritania's President [[Ould Taya]];<ref name="Pazzanta">[https://books.google.com/books?id=-KU_9MfXKKYC&q=Israel&pg=PA374 ''Historical Dictionary of Mauritania''], Anthony G. Pazzanita, Scarecrow Press Inc, Lanham, Maryland USA, 2008, p216. Retrieved 25 December 2011</ref> the establishment of unofficial "interest sections" in the respective Spanish embassies in 1996 in the two capital cities,<ref name="Pazzanta" /> leading to the exchange of diplomatic representatives in each other's countries [[Israel#Foreign relations|from 27 October 1999]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ROR1xreEJTsC&dq=Mauritania+six-day+war&pg=PA285 ''A political chronology of Africa''], David Lea, Annamarie Rowe, Europa Publications Ltd, London, 2001, ISBN o-203-40309-6, p289. Retrieved 25 December 2011</ref> It is inferred from this evidence that Mauritania had reversed its declaration by then.

On 6 March 2009, the Israeli diplomatic delegation to Mauritania left after nine years of diplomatic ties, following a demand from the Mauritanian authorities to close the Israeli embassy in [[Nouakchott]] within 48 hours.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7928790.stm " Israel closes Mauritania embassy"], BBC News, 6 March 2009</ref> The Mauritanian delegation to Israel left earlier without sending official notice to the Israeli [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]].<ref>[http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1069183.html "Mauritania expelled the Israeli embassy personnel"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605074407/http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1069183.html |date=5 June 2011}}, ''Haaretz'', 6 March 2006, in Hebrew</ref>

=== Mauritius ===
Both countries have signed many bilateral agreements.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

=== Namibia ===
{{Main|Israel–Namibia relations}}

=== Niger ===
{{Main|Israel–Niger relations}}

=== Nigeria ===
{{Main|Israel–Nigeria relations}}

Israel and Nigeria established diplomatic relations in 1960.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1, 2015|title=Nigeria; Economic, Security Ties With Israel Influenced Nigeria – Dr. Naniya|work=Africa News}}</ref> In 1973, Nigeria broke off contacts with Israel, but in May 1992, bilateral relations were restored.<ref name="mfa.gov.il" /> Since April 1993, Israel has maintained an embassy in Abuja, and Nigeria has maintained an embassy in Tel Aviv.<ref name="mfa.gov.il" /> Many Nigerians go on religious pilgrimage to Israel.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 19, 2005|title=Nigeria; 15,000 Nigerians Plan to Perform Pilgrimage|work=Africa News}}</ref>

=== Rwanda ===
Relations with Rwanda were established soon following independence of the African state. They were broken by the government of Rwanda on 8 October 1973, during the Yom Kippur war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=82434&dt=2472&dl=1345|title=US diplomatic cable announcing the break in relations between Israel and Rwanda}}</ref>

In January 2019, transportation ministers of Israel and Rwanda announced plans to inaugurate regular [[Air Rwanda]] flights to Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bachner |first=Michael |date=7 January 2019 |title=Israel, Rwanda to open direct flight between countries 'within months' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-rwanda-to-open-direct-flight-between-countries-within-months/ |newspaper=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Then, in April 2019, Israel opened an embassy in [[Kigali]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Lazaroff |first=Tovah |date=1 April 2019 |title=Israel Opens First Embassy in Rwanda |url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Israel-opens-first-embassy-in-Rwanda-585427 |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |access-date=1 April 2019}}</ref>

=== Senegal ===
Relations with Senegal were established soon following independence of the African state. They were broken by the government of Senegal on 28 October 1973, following the Yom Kippur war.<ref name="archives1973" /> Israel and Senegal on June 4, 2017, announced the resumption of full diplomatic relations, which had been frozen after Senegal cosponsored a UN Security Council against Israeli settlements.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Ahren|first2=Raphael|title=Israel and Senegal mend fences after UN resolution spat|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-and-senegal-mend-fences-after-un-resolution-spat/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Israel returned its ambassador to Senegal, and Senegal backed Israel's candidacy for observer status at the African Union. In a trilateral partnership between Israel, Italy and Senegal, Israeli [[drip irrigation]] systems are being installed to help farmers in 12 districts of rural Senegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unitedwithisrael.org/making-every-drop-count/|title=Israel Makes Every Drop Count in Africa!|work=UWI|date=15 March 2012 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

=== South Africa ===
{{Main|Israel–South Africa relations}}

[[File:AyalonMatjila.jpg|thumb|[[Danny Ayalon]] with South African Foreign Affairs DG Matjila]]
The [[Union of South Africa]] was one of only four [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] nations to vote in favour of the [[1947 UN partition resolution]], which led to the establishment of the State of Israel. South Africa was one of the first states to recognize Israel; diplomatic relations between Israel and South Africa were established in 1948. After the [[Sharpeville massacre]] of 1960, Israel became a harsh critic of [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid]], leading to a break in its relations with [[Pretoria]]. After 1967, Israel and South Africa became strategic partners again, and this lasted until 1987 when Israel joined the West in forcefully opposing apartheid.

Since the end of apartheid, South Africa's new government has been cold toward Israel and critical of Israel's policies towards Palestinians but has nevertheless ignored calls from pro-Palestinian South African groups to sever relations between the two countries.

As a result of the [[Gaza war]], the [[African National Congress]] passed a motion calling on the government to close its embassy in Tel Aviv in November 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-anc-backs-motion-close-israeli-embassy-2023-11-16/ |title=S Africa:South Africa´s ANC backs motion to close embassy Israeli embassy  |date=16 November 2023 |newspaper=[[Reuters]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117235211/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/south-africas-anc-backs-motion-close-israeli-embassy-2023-11-16/ |archive-date=November 17, 2023}}</ref> The South African [[Cabinet of South Africa|governmental cabinet]] also called on the [[International Criminal Court]] to issue an arrest warrant for [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] and recalled the country's ambassador to Israel and withdrew all the country's diplomatic staff from Israel.<ref name="magome2023">{{cite web|last=Magome|first=Mogomotsi|url=https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-ambassador-recall-gaza-bb30d780d0d33f2220dc08bf032a5738|title=South African lawmakers vote in favor of closing Israel's embassy and cutting diplomatic ties|website=[[Associated Press]]|date=November 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121135931/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-ambassador-recall-gaza-bb30d780d0d33f2220dc08bf032a5738|archive-date=November 21, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== South Sudan ===
{{Main|Israel–South Sudan relations}}

Israel recognized the Republic of [[South Sudan]] on 10 July 2011, and offered the new state economic help, following its declaration of independence the previous day from the mainly Arab Muslim north Sudan.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-sudan-south-idUSTRE7690PB20110710 Israel recognizes South Sudan, offers economic aid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016123525/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/10/us-israel-sudan-south-idUSTRE7690PB20110710 |date=16 October 2015 }} Reuters, 10 July 2011</ref> On 15 July 2011, South Sudan declared its intention to establish full diplomatic relations with Israel<ref name="SSudan">{{cite news |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFLDE76E1EA20110715 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718103826/http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFLDE76E1EA20110715 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 July 2011 |title=South Sudan will have relations with Israel-official |work=Reuters |date=15 July 2011 |access-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> and, on 28 July 2011, it was announced that full diplomatic ties had been established between the two countries.<ref name="fullDepRecIsrForMin">{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-announces-full-diplomatic-ties-with-south-sudan-1.375746 |title=Israel announces full diplomatic ties with South Sudan |first=Barak |last=Ravid |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=28 July 2011 |access-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>

=== Sudan ===
{{Main|Israel-Sudan relations}}

On 23 October 2020, Sudan agreed to normalise relations with Israel in return for the [[First presidency of Donald Trump|Trump Administration]] removing Sudan from the United States' list of state sponsors of terrorism, unblocking economic aid and investment in Sudan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan-Israel relations agreed, Donald Trump announces|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54554286 |access-date=18 December 2020 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121005902/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54554286 |archive-date=21 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Steinhauser |first1=Gabriele |last2=Bariyo |first2=Nicholas |title=Israel-Sudan Deal: Sudan Removed From U.S. Terrorism List |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-sudan-deal-what-does-the-pact-mean-and-why-now-11603483853 |access-date=18 December 2020 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202071830/https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-sudan-deal-what-does-the-pact-mean-and-why-now-11603483853 |archive-date=2 December 2020}}</ref>

=== Togo ===
In May 2009, Israel and Togo signed a "pact for cooperation in the economic, agricultural and educational fields" with each other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=141587|title=Israel and Togo sign cooperation pact|work=The Jerusalem Post |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Uganda ===
{{Main|Israel–Uganda relations}}
In a joint Israeli-Ugandan project, a professor from the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]'s Faculty of Agriculture conducted a survey of [[Lake Victoria]] with a Ugandan colleague from [[Makerere University]]. They found that [[Nile perch]], introduced by the British sixty years ago, have decimated native fish populations, leading to malnutrition in the lakeside communities.<ref name="haaretz.com">{{cite web|last=Azoulay |first=Yuval |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1147780.html |title=Israeli professor helps solve food crisis spawned by Nile perch |work=Haaretz |date=5 February 2010}}</ref> She helped to set up artificial fish ponds to raise [[carp]], which had disappeared from the local diet. The [[United States Agency for International Development]] sponsored the digging of the ponds and sent villagers to [[Kibbutz]] [[HaMa'apil]] in [[Emek Hefer]] to learn spawning techniques. Graduates of the training program established carp farms.<ref name="haaretz.com" />

=== Zambia ===
Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements in force.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

=== Zimbabwe ===
{{Main|Israel–Zimbabwe relations}}

[[Abel Muzorewa]], the Prime Minister of [[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]], visited Israel on 21 October 1983. He urged [[Robert Mugabe]] to establish diplomatic relations, saying his political policies hurt Zimbabwe's agriculture and technology industries. In March 2002 an Israeli company sold riot control vehicles to the Mugabe government, shortly before the nation's 2002 elections.<ref name="c">{{cite web |url=http://www.sadocc.at/news2002/2002-163.shtml |title=Zimbabwe: Israel to sell heavy riot control vehicles to Mugabe government |publisher=Southern African Documentation and Cooperation Centre Dokumentations |access-date=12 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328230903/http://www.sadocc.at/news2002/2002-163.shtml |archive-date=28 March 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>