Editing Excretory system (section)

==== Epidemiology ====
In men, roughly 2-3 cases per 10,000 are treated as outpatients and 1 in 10,000 cases require admission to the hospital. In women, approximately 12–13 in 10,000 cases are treated as outpatients and 3-4 cases are admitted to a hospital.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Czaja |first1=C. A. |last2=Scholes |first2=D. |last3=Hooton |first3=T. M. |last4=Stamm |first4=W. E. |title=Population-Based Epidemiologic Analysis of Acute Pyelonephritis |journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases |date=August 2007 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=273–280 |doi=10.1086/519268 |pmid=17599303 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The most common age group affected by Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is middle-aged women.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Malek |first1=Reza S. |last2=Elder |first2=Jack S. |title=Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Critical Analysis of 26 Cases and of the Literature |journal=Journal of Urology |date=May 1978 |volume=119 |issue=5 |pages=589–593 |doi=10.1016/s0022-5347(17)57559-x |pmid=660725 }}</ref> Infants and elderly are also at an increased risk because of hormonal and anatomical changes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goodman |first1=Tr |last2=McHugh |first2=K |last3=Lindsell |first3=M |title=Paediatric xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis |journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice |date=January 1998 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=43–45 |doi=10.1111/j.1742-1241.1998.tb11558.x |pmid=9536568 }}</ref>