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===Population monitoring=== In the United States, the [[National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey]] (NHANES) has investigated habits of using dietary supplements in context of total nutrient intakes from the diet in adults and children.<ref name=dwyer/> Over the period of 1999 to 2012, use of multivitamins decreased, and there was wide variability in the use of individual supplements among subgroups by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational status.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kantor ED, Rehm CD, Du M, White E, Giovannucci EL | title = Trends in Dietary Supplement Use Among US Adults From 1999-2012 | journal = JAMA | volume = 316 | issue = 14 | pages = 1464β74 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27727382 | pmc = 5540241 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2016.14403 }}</ref> Particular attention has been given to use of folate supplements by young women to reduce the risk of [[fetus|fetal]] [[neural tube defect]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Obeid R, Koletzko B, Pietrzik K | title = Critical evaluation of lowering the recommended dietary intake of folate | journal = Clinical Nutrition | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 252β59 | date = April 2014 | pmid = 24503418 | doi = 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.12.013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson RD, Wilson RD, Audibert F, Brock JA, Carroll J, Cartier L, Gagnon A, Johnson JA, Langlois S, Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Okun N, Pastuck M, Deb-Rinker P, Dodds L, Leon JA, Lowel HL, Luo W, MacFarlane A, McMillan R, Moore A, Mundle W, O'Connor D, Ray J, Van den Hof M | display-authors = 6 | title = Pre-conception Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplementation for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Neural Tube Defects and Other Folic Acid-Sensitive Congenital Anomalies | journal = Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 534β52 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 26334606 | doi = 10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30230-9 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
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