Editing Colombia (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Colombia}}
{{See also|Festivals in Colombia|Colombian folklore}}
Colombia lies at the crossroads of [[Latin American culture|Latin America]] and the broader American continent, and as such has been hit by a wide range of cultural influences. [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]], [[Culture of Spain|Spanish]] and other [[Culture of Europe|European]], [[Culture of Africa|African]], [[Culture of the United States|American]], [[Culture of the Caribbean|Caribbean]], and [[Arab culture|Middle Eastern]] influences, as well as other Latin American cultural influences, are all present in Colombia's modern culture. Urban migration, industrialization, globalization, and other political, social and economic changes have also left an impression.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Many [[National symbols of Colombia|national symbols]], both objects and themes, have arisen from Colombia's diverse cultural traditions and aim to represent what Colombia, and the Colombian people, have in common. Cultural expressions in Colombia are promoted by the government through the [[Ministry of Culture (Colombia)|Ministry of Culture]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=OECD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jcp8EAAAQBAJ&dq=Cultural+expressions+in+Colombia+are+promoted+by+the+government+through+the+Ministry+of+Culture.&pg=PA66 |title=Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Culture and the Creative Economy in Colombia Leveraging the Orange Economy: Leveraging the Orange Economy |date=21 July 2022 |publisher=OECD Publishing |isbn=978-92-64-65268-2 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Literature ===
{{Main|Colombian literature}}
[[File:Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 2009.jpg|thumb|The [[List of Nobel laureates in Literature|Nobel literature]] prize winner [[Gabriel García Márquez]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1982/marquez-lecture.html|title=Gabriel García Márquez – Nobel Lecture|publisher=nobelprize.org |access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>]]

Colombian literature dates back to pre-Columbian era; a notable example of the period is the epic poem known as the ''Legend of Yurupary''.<ref name="The Legend of Yurupary">{{cite book|title=Legend of Yurupary|publisher=Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio|isbn=978-958-20-0836-9|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_ADFUglHo0C&pg=PP1}}</ref> In Spanish colonial times, notable writers include [[Juan de Castellanos]] (''[[Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias]]''), Hernando Domínguez Camargo and his epic poem to San Ignacio de Loyola, [[Pedro Simón]] and [[Juan Rodríguez Freyle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/cursodeliteraturacolombiana/unidad-2/los-cronistas |title=Cronistas del Nuevo Reino de Granada |publisher=ihlc.udea.edu.co |access-date=31 March 2014 |archive-date=28 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528073604/https://sites.google.com/site/cursodeliteraturacolombiana/unidad-2/los-cronistas |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Post-independence literature linked to Romanticism highlighted [[Antonio Nariño]], [[José Fernández Madrid]], [[Camilo Torres Tenorio]] and [[Francisco Antonio Zea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co/pdf/8/8_2024432110.pdf |title=Vida, pasión y muerte del romanticismo en Colombia |publisher=biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co |access-date=31 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024064257/http://biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co/pdf/8/8_2024432110.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=484&/Romanticismo |title=Romanticismo – Diccionario electrónico de la literatura colombiana |publisher=ihlc.udea.edu.co |date=5 November 2007 |access-date=1 April 2014 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214043616/https://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=484&/Romanticismo |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century the literary genre known as ''[[costumbrismo]]'' became popular; great writers of this period were [[Tomás Carrasquilla]], [[Jorge Isaacs]] and [[Rafael Pombo]] (the latter of whom wrote notable works of children's literature).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biblioteca.org.ar/libros/155763.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.biblioteca.org.ar/libros/155763.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Colombian children's literature|publisher=biblioteca.org.ar |date=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=477&/Costumbrismo |title=Costumbrismo – Diccionario electrónico de la literatura colombiana |publisher=ihlc.udea.edu.co |date=5 November 2007 |access-date=1 April 2014 |archive-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208045557/https://ihlc.udea.edu.co/delc/index.php?tema=477&/Costumbrismo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Within that period, authors such as [[José Asunción Silva]], [[José Eustasio Rivera]], [[León de Greiff]], [[Porfirio Barba-Jacob]] and [[José María Vargas Vila]] developed the [[Modernismo|modernist]] movement.<ref>{{cite book |title=Literatura y Cultura: narrativa colombiana del siglo XX. Del siglo XIX al siglo XX: debates sobre la cultura nacional |author1=Jaramillo, M.M. |author2=Osorio, B. |author3=Robledo, A. |year=2000 |url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapI.pdf |language=es |access-date=13 March 2017 |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313044900/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapI.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Rodríguez-Arenas, F.M. (2006). Bibliografía de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX: AL. Stockcero, Inc.</ref><ref>Rodríguez-Arenas, F.M. (2006). Bibliografía de la literatura colombiana del siglo XIX: MZ. Stockcero, Inc.</ref> In 1872, Colombia established the [[Colombian Academy of Language]], the first Spanish language academy in the Americas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/html/home/1592/article-130142.html |title=Colombian Academy of Language |publisher=colombiaaprende.edu.co |language=es |access-date=9 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205543/http://www.colombiaaprende.edu.co/html/home/1592/article-130142.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Candelario Obeso]] wrote the groundbreaking ''Cantos Populares de mi Tierra'' (1877), the first book of poetry by an Afro-Colombian author.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecitypaperbogota.com/culture/obeso-poet-of-the-magdalena/ |title=Obeso: Poet of the Magdalena |date=6 March 2014 |publisher=thecitypaperbogota.com |access-date=9 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="Candelario Obeso">{{cite book|title="Chambacú, la historia la escribes tú": ensayos sobre cultura afrocolombiana (Candelario Obeso)|author=Lucía Ortiz|publisher=IBEROAMERICANA|isbn=978-84-8489-266-3|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlfcbtH9EY4C&pg=PP1|pages=47–69|language=es}}</ref>

Between 1939 and 1940 seven books of poetry were published under the name ''[[Stone and Sky (movement)|Stone and Sky]]'' in the city of Bogotá that significantly influenced the country; they were edited by the poet Jorge Rojas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/bole69/bolet1a.htm |title=Artículo: Piedra y Cielo a contraluz |publisher=banrepcultural.org |language=es |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106074150/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/bole69/bolet1a.htm |archive-date=6 November 2013 }}</ref> In the following decade, [[Gonzalo Arango]] founded the movement of "[[Nadaism|nothingness]]" in response to the violence of the time;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/boleti5/bol33/nadais10.htm |title=Gonzalo Arango |publisher=banrepcultural.org |language=es |access-date=18 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119041103/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/publicacionesbanrep/boletin/boleti5/bol33/nadais10.htm |archive-date=19 January 2012 }}</ref> he was influenced by [[nihilism]], [[existentialism]], and the thought of another great Colombian writer: [[Fernando González (writer)|Fernando González Ochoa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.otraparte.org/fernando-gonzalez/vida/biografia.html |title=Fernando González Ochoa |publisher=otraparte.org |date=12 March 2017 |access-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513161548/https://www.otraparte.org/fernando-gonzalez/vida/biografia.html |archive-date=13 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the [[Latin American Boom|boom in Latin American literature]], successful writers emerged, led by [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] [[Gabriel García Márquez]] and his magnum opus, ''[[One Hundred Years of Solitude]]'', [[Eduardo Caballero Calderón]], [[Manuel Mejía Vallejo]], and [[Álvaro Mutis]], a writer who was awarded the [[Miguel de Cervantes Prize|Cervantes Prize]] and the [[Prince of Asturias Award for Letters]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Literatura y Cultura: narrativa colombiana del siglo XX. La nación moderna y sus sistemas simbólicos |author1=Jaramillo, M. M.|author2=Osorio, B. |author3=Robledo, A.|year=2000|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapII.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapII.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Literatura y Cultura: narrativa colombiana del siglo XX. El discurso de la nación moderna: continuidades y rupturas |author1=Jaramillo, M. M.|author2=Osorio, B. |author3=Robledo, A.|year=2000|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapIII.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/lablaa/literatura/narrativa/Volumen1CapIII.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>

=== Visual arts ===
{{Main|Colombian art}}
{{Multiple image
 | align = right
 | direction =vertical
 | width = 160
 | image1 ="Liegende mit Frucht" Skulptur von Fernando Botero in Bamberg - Deutschland.jpg
 | caption1 = Work by the painter and sculptor [[Fernando Botero]]
 | image2 = Alonso de Narvaez - Our Lady of Chiquinquira,1562.jpg
 | caption2 = Colonial painting [[Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá|The Virgin of Chiquinquirá]] (1562) by [[Alonso de Narváez]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U6fOEAAAQBAJ&dq=virgin+of+chiquinquir%C3%A1+alonso+de+narvaez&pg=PA522|title=Hispanic American Religious Cultures|author=[[Miguel A. De La Torre]]|page=522|isbn=9781598841404|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXWRgP-0KBkC&dq=virgin+of+chiquinquir%C3%A1+alonso+de+narvaez&pg=PA671|title=Mary in Our Life. Atlas of the Names and Titles of Mary, the Mother of Jesus, and Their Place in Marian Devotion|author=Nicholas J. Santoro|page=671|isbn=9781462040223|publisher=[[iUniverse]]|year=2011}}</ref> She is the Catholic [[Patron saint|Patroness]] of Colombia. The original canvas is located in the [[Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá]].
 | image3 = Santiago Martinez Delgado in the colombian congress.jpg
 | caption3 = Mural by [[Santiago Martínez Delgado]]
}}

Colombian art has over 3,000 years of history. Colombian artists have captured the country's changing political and cultural backdrop using a range of styles and mediums. There is archeological evidence of ceramics being produced earlier in Colombia than anywhere else in the Americas, dating as early as 3,000&nbsp;BCE.<ref name="donquijote.org">{{cite web| url=http://www.donquijote.org/culture/colombia/art/ |publisher=donquijote.org |title=Colombian Art|access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="artecolombiano">{{cite book|title=El arte colombiano. Volume 3 of Selección Cultura colombiana|author=Francisco Gil Tovar|publisher=Plaza y Janes Editores Colombia s.a|isbn=978-958-14-0016-4|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fre20PtG-ZAC&pg=PP1|language=es}}</ref>

The earliest examples of gold craftsmanship have been attributed to the Tumaco people<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/gold-museum/tumaco |publisher=banrepcultural.org |title=Tumaco: People and Gold on the Pacific Coast |access-date=22 August 2013 |archive-date=1 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101233105/http://www.banrepcultural.org/gold-museum/tumaco |url-status=dead }}</ref> of the Pacific coast and date to around 325&nbsp;BCE. Roughly between 200&nbsp;BCE and 800 CE, the [[San Agustín, Huila|San Agustín culture]], masters of [[Stonemasonry|stonecutting]], entered its "classical period". They erected raised [[Ceremony|ceremonial]] centers, [[sarcophagi]], and large stone [[monolith]]s depicting [[anthropomorphic]] and [[Zoomorphism|zoomorphic]] forms out of [[Rock (geology)|stone]].<ref name="artecolombiano" /><ref name="San Agustín">{{cite web| url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/744|publisher=UNESCO| title=San Agustín Archaeological Park|access-date=22 August 2013}}</ref>

Colombian art has followed the trends of the time, so during the 16th to 18th centuries, [[Roman Catholicism in Spain|Spanish Catholicism]] had a huge influence on Colombian art, and the popular [[baroque]] style was replaced with [[rococo]] when the Bourbons ascended to the [[Monarchy of Spain|Spanish crown]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/ext/ext13.htm#12b|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=El espíritu barroco en el arte colonial|author=Marta Fajardo De Rueda|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014120713/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/todaslasartes/ext/ext13.htm#12b|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/junio2001/joaquin.htm|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=Joaquín Gutiérrez, el "pintor de los virreyes": Expresión del estilo rococó en la Nueva Granada|author=Uribe Restrepo, Fernando|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-date=22 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422013256/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/junio2001/joaquin.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> During this era, in the Spanish colony, the most important Neogranadine (Colombian) painters were [[Gregorio Vásquez de Arce y Ceballos]], [[Gaspar de Figueroa]], [[Baltasar Vargas de Figueroa]], [[Baltasar de Figueroa (the Elder)]], [[Antonio Acero de la Cruz]] and [[Joaquín Gutiérrez (painter)|Joaquín Gutiérrez]], of which their works are preserved. Also important was [[Alonso de Narváez]] who, although born in the province of Seville, spent most of his life in colonial Colombia, also the Italian [[Angelino Medoro]], lived in Colombia and Peru, and left works of art preserved in several churches in [[Tunja]] city.

During the mid-19th century, one of the most remarkable painters was [[Ramón Torres Méndez]], who produced a series of good quality paintings depicting the people and their customs of different Colombian regions. Also noteworthy in the 19th century were [[Andrés de Santa Maria|Andrés de Santa María]], [[Pedro José Figueroa]], [[Epifanio Garay]], [[Mercedes Delgado Mallarino]], [[José María Espinosa]], [[Ricardo Acevedo Bernal]], between many others.

More recently, Colombian artists [[Pedro Nel Gómez]] and [[Santiago Martínez Delgado]] started the Colombian Murial Movement in the 1940s, featuring the [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] features of [[Art Deco]].<ref name="donquijote.org" /><ref name="artecolombiano" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/biografias/gomepedr.htm|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=Pedro Nel Gómez Agudelo|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-date=9 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509225510/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/biografias/gomepedr.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Miradas a la plástica colombiana de 1900 a 1950: un debate histórico y estético|author1=Luz Guillermina Sinning Téllez|author2=Ruth Nohemí Acuña Prieto|publisher=U. Externado de Colombia|isbn=978-958-710-748-7|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yA5joGlOnIEC&pg=PA7|language=es}}</ref> Since the 1950s, the Colombian art started to have a distinctive point of view, reinventing traditional elements under the concepts of the 20th century. Examples of this are the Greiff [[portrait]]s by [[Ignacio Gómez Jaramillo]], showing what the Colombian art could do with the new techniques applied to typical Colombian themes. Carlos Correa, with his [[paradigm]]atic "Naturaleza muerta en silencio" (silent dead nature), combines geometrical [[Abstraction (art)|abstraction]] and [[cubism]]. [[Alejandro Obregón]] is often considered as the father of modern Colombian painting, and one of the most influential artist in this period, due to his originality, the painting of Colombian landscapes with [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolic]] and [[Expressionism|expressionist]] use of animals, (specially the [[Andean condor]]).<ref name="artecolombiano" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iadb.org/EXR/cultural/catalogues/Colombia/spabeggining1.htm|publisher=iadb.org|title=Puntos de partida en el arte contemporáneo de Colombia|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416052215/http://www.iadb.org/EXR/cultural/catalogues/Colombia/spabeggining1.htm|archive-date=16 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte-banco-de-la-republica/cl%C3%A1sicos-experimentales-y-radicales-1950-%E2%80%93-1980|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=Clásicos, experimentales y radicales 1950–1980|author1=Carmen María Jaramillo|author2=Sylvia Suárez|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-date=10 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510001359/http://www.banrepcultural.org/coleccion-de-arte-banco-de-la-republica/cl%C3%A1sicos-experimentales-y-radicales-1950-%E2%80%93-1980|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fernando Botero]], [[Omar Rayo]], [[Enrique Grau]], [[Édgar Negret]], [[David Manzur]], [[Rodrigo Arenas Betancourt]], [[Oscar Murillo (artist)|Oscar Murillo]], [[Doris Salcedo]] and [[Oscar Muñoz (artist)|Oscar Muñoz]] are some of the Colombian artists featured at the international level.<ref name="donquijote.org" /><ref>{{cite book|title=Arte en Colombia, 1981–2006|author=Carlos Arturo Fernández|publisher=Universidad de Antioquia|isbn=978-958-714-017-0|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8bHJutOqqwC&pg=PP1 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Geografía del arte en Colombia. Biblioteca del Gran Cauca: Colección clásicos regionales|author=Eugenio Barney Cabrera|publisher=Universidad del Valle|isbn=978-958-670-450-2 |year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6V2T45r03UC&pg=PP1 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="museorayo">{{cite web|url=http://www.museorayo.co/vidaObraOR.php|title=Omar RayoM|publisher=museorayo.co|language=es|access-date=9 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510001306/http://www.museorayo.co/vidaObraOR.php|archive-date=10 May 2016}}</ref>

The Colombian sculpture from the sixteenth to 18th centuries was mostly devoted to [[Religious art|religious depictions]] of ecclesiastic art, strongly influenced by the Spanish schools of [[sacred]] sculpture. During the early period of the Colombian republic, the national artists were focused in the production of sculptural portraits of politicians and public figures, in a plain [[neoclassicist]] trend.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.academia.edu/2074247|publisher=academia.edu|title=Pietro Tenerani y la escultura en Colombia en el siglo XIX|author=Carolina Vanegas Carrasco |language=es|access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> During the 20th century, the Colombian sculpture began to develop a bold and innovative work with the aim of reaching a better understanding of national sensitivity.<ref name="artecolombiano" /><ref name="Colombian sculptors">{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia.com/cultura/resenas/escultura.asp|title=Colombian sculptors|publisher=colombia.com|language=es|access-date=9 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723034605/http://www.colombia.com/cultura/resenas/escultura.asp|archive-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Colombian photography was marked by the arrival of the [[daguerreotype]]. [[Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros]] was who brought the daguerreotype process to Colombia in 1841. The Piloto public library has Latin America's largest archive of negatives, containing 1.7&nbsp;million antique photographs covering Colombia 1848 until 2005.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://colombiareports.co/latin-americas-largest-antique-negative-archive-medellins-public-library/| title=Latin America's largest antique negative archive in Medellín| date=16 December 2013|publisher=colombiareports.co|access-date=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co/pdf/10/phot-mec-cfa.pdf |title=Apuntes para una cronología de la fotografía en Antioquía |language=es |access-date=22 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812182737/http://biblioteca-virtual-antioquia.udea.edu.co/pdf/10/phot-mec-cfa.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2014 }}</ref>

The Colombian press has promoted the work of the [[cartoonist]]s. In recent decades, [[fanzine]]s, internet and [[independent publisher]]s have been fundamental to the growth of the comic in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/cultura/entender-los-comics-colombia-articulo-516194|publisher=elespectador.com|title=Para entender los cómics en Colombia|author=Pablo Guerra |language=es|access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bibliotecanacional.gov.co/comic/especial-entre-vi%C3%B1etas-la-historieta-colombiana-en-prensa|publisher=bibliotecanacional.gov.co|title=Especial Entre Viñetas la historieta colombiana en prensa|author=Pablo Guerra|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510044919/http://www.bibliotecanacional.gov.co/comic/especial-entre-vi%C3%B1etas-la-historieta-colombiana-en-prensa|archive-date=10 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://facartes.unal.edu.co/muvirt/cronologia/index.html|publisher=Facultad de Artes: Universidad Nacional de Colombia|title=Museo Virtual de la Historieta Colombiana – Cronología|language=es|access-date=9 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311233941/http://www.facartes.unal.edu.co/muvirt/cronologia/index.html|archive-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>

=== Architecture ===
{{Main|Architecture of Colombia}}
{{See also|Muisca architecture}}

Throughout the times, there have been a variety of [[List of architectural styles|architectural styles]], from those of indigenous peoples to contemporary ones, passing through colonial (military and religious), Republican, transition and modern styles.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/1-introduccion/periodizacion/ |title=Periodización |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210036/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/1-introduccion/periodizacion/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref>

[[File:Street_Scenes_in_Cartagena,_Colombia_(24045961890).jpg|thumb|Colonial balconies in the streets of [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]]]]
[[File:Catedral-Basílica-de-Nuestra-Señora-de-la-Asunción-de-Popayán-Colombia-1.jpg|thumb|Colonial [[Popayán]] main plaza, [[Cauca Department]]]]
[[File:Pila de agua en la Plaza Central en Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.jpg|thumb|Colonial [[Villa de Leyva]], [[Boyacá Department]]]]
Ancient habitation areas, longhouses, [[Terrace (agriculture)|crop terraces]], roads as the [[Inca road system]], cemeteries, [[hypogeum]]s and [[necropolis]]es are all part of the [[Indigenous architecture|architectural heritage of indigenous peoples]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/2-nivel-formativo-tribal/ |title=Nivel Formativo Tribal. La Casa Comunal |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210203/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/2-nivel-formativo-tribal/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> Some prominent indigenous structures are the [[Andean preceramic|preceramic]] and [[ceramic]] archaeological site of [[Tequendama]],<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/1-nivel-paleoindio/ |title=Nivel Paleoindio. Abrigos rocosos del tequendama |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210129/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/1-nivel-paleoindio/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> [[Tierradentro]] (a park that contains the largest concentration of [[List of pre-Columbian cultures|pre-Columbian]] monumental [[shaft tomb]]s with side chambers),<ref>{{cite web| url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/743|publisher=UNESCO| title=National Archeological Park of Tierradentro|access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> the largest collection of religious monuments and [[megalithic]] sculptures in South America, located in [[San Agustín Archaeological Park|San Agustín, Huila]],<ref name="San Agustín" /><ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/3-los-cacicazgos/ |title=Los cacicazgos. Las Aldeas y las Tumbas |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602122708/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/3-los-cacicazgos/ |archive-date=2 June 2016  }}</ref> [[Ciudad Perdida|Lost city]] (an archaeological site with a series of terraces carved into the mountainside, a net of tiled roads, and several circular plazas), and the large villages mainly built with [[stone]], wood, cane, and mud.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/4-los-tayrona-y-los-muisca-la-preciudad/ |title=Los Tayrona y los Muisca: La Preciudad |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602202706/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-i/4-los-tayrona-y-los-muisca-la-preciudad/ |archive-date=2 June 2016  }}</ref>
Architecture during the period of conquest and colonization is mainly derived of adapting [[European architecture|European styles]] to local conditions, and [[Spanish architecture|Spanish influence]], especially [[Andalusia]]n and [[Extremadura]]n, can be easily seen.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-ii/3-la-america-espanola-1730-1810/ |title=La América española. El apasionamiento escenográfico, 1730–1810 |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210625/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-ii/3-la-america-espanola-1730-1810/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> When Europeans founded cities two things were making simultaneously: the dimensioning of geometrical space ([[town square]], street), and the location of a tangible point of [[Map orientation|orientation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/sept2001/fundacio.htm |title=Fundaciones coloniales y republicanas en Colombia: normas, trazado y ritos fundacionales |publisher=Revista Credencial Historia |access-date=10 June 2016 |author=Agustín, José |language=es |archive-date=14 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814065957/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/sept2001/fundacio.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The construction of [[fort]]s was common throughout the Caribbean and in some cities of the interior, because of the dangers posed to Spanish colonial settlements from English, French and Dutch [[Piracy in the Caribbean|pirates]] and hostile indigenous groups.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-ii/1-la-conquista-1500-1550/ |title=La Conquista. El dominio del territorio, 1500–1550 |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210435/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-ii/1-la-conquista-1500-1550/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> Churches, chapels, schools, and hospitals belonging to [[Catholic religious order|religious orders]] have a great urban influence.<ref name="1550–1750">{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-ii/2-la-espana-americana-1550-1750/ |title=La España americana. Consolidación de tipologías, 1550–1750 |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210511/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-ii/2-la-espana-americana-1550-1750/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> [[Baroque architecture]] is used in military buildings and public spaces.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/?cat=14304 |title=Arquitectura colonial |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210403/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/?cat=14304 |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> Marcelino Arroyo, [[Francisco José de Caldas]] and Domingo de Petrés were great representatives of [[neo-classical architecture]].<ref name="1550–1750" />

The [[Capitolio Nacional|National Capitol]] is a great representative of romanticism.<ref>{{cite book| url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iii/1-el-capitolio-y-tomas-reed-d-capitulo-iii/| title=El Capitolio y Tomás Reed| publisher=Universidad Nacional| author=Silvia Arango| year=1990| location=Bogotá| isbn=958-17-0061-7| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210826/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iii/1-el-capitolio-y-tomas-reed-d-capitulo-iii/| archive-date=10 June 2016| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Wood was extensively used in doors, windows, railings, and ceilings during the colonization of [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]]. The [[Caribbean region of Colombia|Caribbean]] architecture acquires a strong [[Arabic architecture|Arabic influence]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iii/2-la-arquitectura-de-la-colonizacion/ |title=La arquitectura de la colonización |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610210907/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iii/2-la-arquitectura-de-la-colonizacion/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> The [[Teatro de Cristóbal Colón|Teatro Colón]] in Bogotá is a lavish example of architecture from the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iii/3-la-arquitectura-urbana-de-fin-de-siglo/ |title=La arquitectura urbana de fin de siglo |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506073539/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iii/3-la-arquitectura-urbana-de-fin-de-siglo/ |archive-date=6 May 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The quintas houses with innovations in the [[volumetric]] conception are some of the best examples of the Republican architecture; the Republican action in the city focused on the design of three types of [[Spatial analysis|spaces]]: parks with forests, small [[urban park]]s and [[Avenue (landscape)|avenues]] and the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic style]] was most commonly used for the design of churches.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iv/2-la-generacion-republicana/ |title=La generación republicana |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610211218/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-iv/2-la-generacion-republicana/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref>

Deco style, [[Rationalism (architecture)|modern neoclassicism]], [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclecticism]] [[folklorist]] and [[art deco]] [[Ornament (art)|ornamental]] resources significantly influenced the architecture of Colombia, especially during the transition period.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-v/1-la-persistencia-de-los-estilos/ |title=La persistencia de los estilos |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211009/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-v/1-la-persistencia-de-los-estilos/ |archive-date=4 March 2016  }}</ref> [[International Style (architecture)|Modernism]] contributed with new construction technologies and new [[Building material|materials]] (steel, [[reinforced concrete]], glass and synthetic materials) and the [[topology]] architecture and [[Concrete slab|lightened slabs system]] also have a great influence.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vi/3-primera-fase/ |title=Primera fase: los alardes de la técnica |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610212041/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vi/3-primera-fase/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref> The most influential architects of the modern movement were [[Rogelio Salmona]] and Fernando Martínez Sanabria.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vi/4-segunda-fase/ |title=Segunda fase: la asimilación consiente |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610212127/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vi/4-segunda-fase/ |archive-date=10 June 2016  }}</ref>

The [[contemporary architecture]] of Colombia is designed to give greater importance to the [[Building material|materials]], this architecture takes into account the specific [[Geographical feature|natural and artificial geographies]] and is also an architecture that appeals to the [[sense]]s.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vii/3-arquitectura-de-los-sentidos-y-contextualidad/ |title=Arquitectura de los sentidos y contextualidad |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611005914/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vii/3-arquitectura-de-los-sentidos-y-contextualidad/ |archive-date=11 June 2016  }}</ref> The [[Architectural conservation|conservation of the architectural and urban heritage]] of Colombia has been promoted in recent years.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vii/2-la-recuperacion-del-pasado/ |title=La recuperación del pasado |publisher=Universidad Nacional |author=Silvia Arango |year=1990 |location=Bogotá |isbn=958-17-0061-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611010039/http://aplicaciones.virtual.unal.edu.co/blogs/hacolombia/category/cap-vii/2-la-recuperacion-del-pasado/ |archive-date=11 June 2016  }}</ref>

=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Colombia}}
Colombia has a vibrant collage of talent that touches a full spectrum of [[rhythm]]s. It is known as the land of a thousand rhythms, at around 1,024 folk rhythms. Musicians, composers, music producers and singers from Colombia are recognized internationally such as [[Shakira]], [[Juanes]], [[Carlos Vives]] and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cromos.com.co/especial-colombia/articulo-147471-personajes-destacados-la-musica-vibra-los-cinco-continentes|publisher=cromos.com.co|title=Colombianos que se destacan: Música que vibra por todo el mundo|language=es|access-date=24 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524214703/http://www.cromos.com.co/especial-colombia/articulo-147471-personajes-destacados-la-musica-vibra-los-cinco-continentes|url-status=dead}}</ref> Colombian music blends European-influenced guitar and song structure with large [[gaita flutes]] and percussion instruments from the indigenous population, while its percussion structure and dance forms come from Africa. Colombia has a diverse and dynamic musical environment.<ref name="about.com">{{cite web|url=http://latinmusic.about.com/od/countrie1/p/PRO04BASICS.htm|publisher=about.com|title=Colombian music|access-date=22 August 2013|archive-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102075148/http://latinmusic.about.com/od/countrie1/p/PRO04BASICS.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Ejes musicales de Colombia1.png|thumb|left|upright|Regions of Colombia by their traditional music]]

[[Guillermo Uribe Holguín]], an important cultural figure in the [[National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia]], Luis Antonio Calvo and Blas Emilio Atehortúa are some of the greatest exponents of the [[art music]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://facartes.unal.edu.co/compositores/html/_compositores.html|publisher=facartes.unal.edu.co|title=Colombian composers|language=es|access-date=29 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411030708/http://facartes.unal.edu.co/compositores/html/_compositores.html|archive-date=11 April 2016}}</ref> The [[Bogotá Philharmonic Orchestra]] is one of the most active orchestras in Colombia.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://patrimoniocultural.bogota.unal.edu.co/internas-auditorio/acerca-de-la-ofb.html|publisher=patrimoniocultural.bogota.unal.edu.co|title=Bogotá Philharmonic|language=es|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref>

Caribbean music has many vibrant rhythms, such as [[Cumbia (Colombia)|cumbia]] (it is played by the [[maraca]]s, the drums, the gaitas and [[guacharaca]]), [[porro]] (it is a monotonous but joyful rhythm), [[mapalé]] (with its fast rhythm and constant [[clapping]]) and the "[[vallenato]]", which originated in the northern part of the [[Caribbean]] coast (the rhythm is mainly played by the caja, the guacharaca, and [[accordion]]).<ref name="Colombian music">{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia-sa.com/musica/musica-in.html|title=Colombian music|publisher=colombia-sa.com |access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/3|title=Músicas Caribe Occidental|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806233314/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/3|archive-date=6 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/2|title=Músicas Caribe Oriental|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807074711/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/2|archive-date=7 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=13&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Bolívar|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=9 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509175109/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=13&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=20&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Cesar|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081524/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=20&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The music from the [[Pacific coast]], such as the [[Currulao (music genre)|currulao]], is characterized by its strong use of drums (instruments such as the native [[marimba]], the conunos, the [[bass drum]], the [[side drum]], and the cuatro guasas or tubular rattle). An important rhythm of the south region of the Pacific coast is the [[contradanza]] (it is used in dance shows due to the striking colours of the costumes).<ref name="Colombian music" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=27&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Chocó|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081612/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=27&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=19&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Cauca|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524081657/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=19&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref> Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region are on [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists|UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/marimba-music-traditional-chants-and-dances-from-the-colombia-south-pacific-region-and-esmeraldas-province-of-ecuador-01099|title=Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region |publisher=unesco.org |access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/9|title=Músicas Pacífico Sur|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023628/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/9|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/4|title=Músicas Pacífico Norte|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023619/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/4|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Jorge Celedón in DC.JPG|thumb|[[Jorge Celedón]] of the [[Binomio de Oro de América]] band. The [[Vallenato]], along with [[Cumbia (Colombia)|Cumbia]], are the two most popular Colombian folk music genres heard in Latin America.]]

Important musical rhythms of the [[Andean Region (Colombia)|Andean Region]] are the [[danza]] (dance of Andean folklore arising from the transformation of the European contredance), the [[bambuco]] (it is played with guitar, [[Colombian tiple|tiple]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/musica/tiple/indice.htm|title=Los Caminos del tiple|publisher=Bogotá: Ediciones AMP Damel.|year=1988|author=Puerta Zuluaga, D.|access-date=3 May 2017|archive-date=3 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503084731/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/musica/tiple/indice.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[mandolin]], the rhythm is danced by couples), the [[pasillo]] (a rhythm inspired by the Austrian [[waltz]] and the Colombian "danza", the lyrics have been composed by well-known poets), the guabina (the [[tiple]], the [[bandola]] and the [[requinto]] are the basic instruments), the [[sanjuanero]] (it originated in [[Tolima Department|Tolima]] and [[Huila Department|Huila]] Departments, the rhythm is joyful and fast).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=11&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Bogotá|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524082507/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=11&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=73&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos -Tolima|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524082541/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=73&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=41&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Huila|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524082605/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=41&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/5|title=Músicas Andinas Centro-Oriente|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808030945/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/5|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/6|title=Músicas Andinas Nor-Occidente|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023624/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/6|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Apart from these traditional rhythms, [[salsa music]] has spread throughout the country, and the city of [[Cali]] is considered by many salsa singers to be 'The New Salsa Capital of the World'.<ref name="Colombian music" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/7|title=Músicas Andinas Centro-Sur|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708222015/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/7|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/10|title=Músicas Andinas Sur-Occidente|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812043609/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/10|archive-date=12 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The instruments that distinguish the music of the [[Orinoquía natural region|Eastern Plains]] are the [[harp]], the [[Cuatro (instrument)|cuatro]] (a type of four-stringed guitar) and maracas. Important rhythms of this region are the [[joropo]] (a fast rhythm and there is also tapping as a result of its [[flamenco]] ancestry) and the [[galeron]] (it is heard a lot while [[cowboy]]s are working).<ref name="Colombian music" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=50&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Meta|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524083313/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=50&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=85&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Casanare|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524083348/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=85&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/8|title=Músicas Llaneras|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808030949/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/8|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The music of the Amazon region is strongly influenced by the indigenous religious practices. Some of the musical instruments used are the manguaré (a musical instrument of [[ceremonial]] type, consisting of a pair of large [[cylindrical drum]]s), the [[quena]] (melodic instrument), the [[rondador]], the [[conga]]s, [[bell]]s, and different types of flutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=86&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Putumayo|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524114856/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=86&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=91&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Amazonas|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524114935/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=91&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/11|title=Músicas de Frontera|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808023614/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/11|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The music of the [[Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina]] is usually accompanied by a [[mandolin]], a [[Washtub bass|tub-bass]], a [[Jawbone (instrument)|jawbone]], a guitar and [[maraca]]s. Some popular archipelago rhythms are the [[Schottische]], the [[Calypso music|Calypso]], the [[Polka]] and the [[Mento]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/1|title=Músicas Isleñas|publisher=territoriosonoro.org|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808030939/http://www.territoriosonoro.org/CDM/tradicionales/ejes/visualizar/1|archive-date=8 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=88&COLTEM=222|title=Ritmos – Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina|publisher=sinic.gov.co|language=es|access-date=25 May 2016|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524084024/http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/ColombiaCultural/ColCulturalBusca.aspx?AREID=3&SECID=8&IdDep=88&COLTEM=222|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Popular culture ===
{{Main|Theater of Colombia|Cinema of Colombia|Media of Colombia}}
[[File:Statue India Catalina FICCI.JPG|thumb|The [[Cartagena Film Festival]] is the oldest cinema event in Latin America. The central focus is on films from Ibero-America.<ref name="fiapf" />]]

Theater was introduced in Colombia during the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish colonization]] in 1550 through [[zarzuela]] companies. Colombian theater is supported by the Ministry of Culture and a number of private and state owned organizations. The [[Theater of Colombia|Ibero-American Theater Festival of Bogotá]] is the cultural event of the highest importance in Colombia and one of the biggest theater festivals in the world.<ref name="Theater Festival">{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia.co/en/this-is-colombia/culture/art/six-surprising-facts-bogotas-ibero-american-theater-festival/|title=Six surprising facts about Bogota's Ibero-American Theater Festival|date=2 March 2016|publisher=colombia.co|access-date=17 November 2017|archive-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117141147/http://www.colombia.co/en/this-is-colombia/culture/art/six-surprising-facts-bogotas-ibero-american-theater-festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other important theater events are: The Festival of Puppet The Fanfare (Medellín), The Manizales Theater Festival, The Caribbean Theatre Festival (Santa Marta) and The Art Festival of Popular Culture "Cultural Invasion" (Bogotá).<ref name="Theatre in Colombia">{{cite web| url=http://www.iti-worldwide.org/amt/countries/p_COLOMBIA.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821123228/http://www.iti-worldwide.org/amt/countries/p_COLOMBIA.html |archive-date=21 August 2008 |publisher=iti-worldwide.org |title=Main performing arts festivals – Theatre History|access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="theatrical production">{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/colhoy/colo11.htm|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=Theater of Colombia|language=es|access-date=9 October 2013|archive-date=20 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020050211/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/historia/colhoy/colo11.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="teatro siglo XX">{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/revista-80|publisher=Revista Credencial Historia|author=Reyes, Carlos José|title=El teatro en Colombia en el siglo XX|language=es|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522220735/http://www.banrepcultural.org/revista-80|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Although the [[Cinema of Colombia|Colombian cinema]] is young as an industry, more recently the film industry was growing with support from the Film Act passed in 2003.<ref name="the Film Act passed in 2003">{{cite web|url=http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_0814_2003.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092726/http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_0814_2003.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|publisher=secretariasenado.gov.co|title=the Film Act passed in 2003|language=es|access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref> Many film festivals take place in Colombia, but the two most important are the [[Cartagena Film Festival]], which is the oldest film festival in Latin America, and the [[Bogotá Film Festival]].<ref name="fiapf">{{cite web |url=http://www.fiapf.org/intfilmfestivals_2016_sites02.asp |publisher=fiapf.org |title=Competitive specialised film festivals |access-date=23 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161111113646/http://www.fiapf.org/intfilmfestivals_2016_sites02.asp |archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="film festivals">{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia.co/cultura/ocho-festivales-de-cine-imperdibles-en-colombia.html|publisher=colombia.co|title=Ocho festivales de cine imperdibles en Colombia|language=es|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522201326/http://www.colombia.co/cultura/ocho-festivales-de-cine-imperdibles-en-colombia.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ficcifestival.com/internas.php?cod=1$$-1$$-qm4nNEHfJmY0tyUjxz05wAXG3C6fwm|publisher=ficcifestival.com|title=La Corporación Festival Internacional de Cine de Cartagena|language=es|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522201249/http://www.ficcifestival.com/internas.php?cod=1$$-1$$-qm4nNEHfJmY0tyUjxz05wAXG3C6fwm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Some important national circulation newspapers are ''[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiempo]]'' and ''[[El Espectador]]''. [[Television in Colombia]] has two privately owned TV networks and three state-owned TV networks with national coverage, as well as six regional TV networks and dozens of local TV stations. Private channels, [[RCN TV|RCN]] and [[Caracol Televisión|Caracol]] are the highest-rated. The regional channels and regional newspapers cover a department or more and its content is made in these particular areas.<ref name="Television in Colombia">{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/exhibiciones/historia_tv/television_colombia.htm |publisher=banrepcultural.org |title=Television in Colombia |language=es |access-date=9 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413231621/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/exhibiciones/historia_tv/television_colombia.htm |archive-date=13 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name="press">{{cite web |url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/un-papel-a-toda-prueba |publisher=banrepcultural.org |title=Un papel a toda prueba. 223 años de prensa diaria en Colombia |language=es |access-date=22 May 2016 |archive-date=22 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522183614/http://www.banrepcultural.org/un-papel-a-toda-prueba |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The press in Colombia">{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ayudadetareas/comunicacion/la_prensa|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=La prensa en Colombia|language=es|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522183517/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ayudadetareas/comunicacion/la_prensa|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Colombia has three major national [[Radio in Colombia|radio networks]]: [[Radiodifusora Nacional de Colombia]], a state-run national radio; [[Caracol Radio]] and [[RCN Radio]], privately owned networks with hundreds of affiliates. There are other national networks, including [[Cadena Super]], [[Todelar]], and Colmundo. Many hundreds of radio stations are registered with the [[Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications (Colombia)|Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications]].<ref name="Radio in Colombia">{{cite web|url=http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ayudadetareas/comunicacion/la_radio_en_colombia|publisher=banrepcultural.org|title=Radio in Colombia|language=es|access-date=22 May 2016|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522190902/http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/ayudadetareas/comunicacion/la_radio_en_colombia|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Colombian cuisine}}
[[File:Comidas tipicas colombianas.jpg|thumb|Bandeja paisa (top) and Ajiaco (bottom) are two of the most traditional plates in the country.]]

Colombia's varied cuisine is influenced by its diverse fauna and flora as well as the cultural traditions of the ethnic groups. Colombian dishes and ingredients vary widely by region. Some of the most common ingredients are: cereals such as rice and maize; tubers such as potato and [[cassava]]; assorted [[legume]]s; meats, including beef, chicken, pork and goat; fish; and seafood.<ref name="Paseo de olla">{{cite web| url=http://www.mincultura.gov.co/Sitios/patrimonio/bibliotecas-de-cocinas/tomos/tomo10.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mincultura.gov.co/Sitios/patrimonio/bibliotecas-de-cocinas/tomos/tomo10.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Paseo de olla. Recetas de las cocinas regionales de Colombia – Biblioteca básica de cocinas tradicionales de Colombia|language=es|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mincultura.gov.co/Sitios/patrimonio/bibliotecas-de-cocinas/tomos/tomo09-2.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mincultura.gov.co/Sitios/patrimonio/bibliotecas-de-cocinas/tomos/tomo09-2.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Food presentation|language=es|access-date=22 January 2017}}</ref> Colombia cuisine also features a variety of tropical fruits such as [[Physalis peruviana|cape gooseberry]], [[Acca sellowiana|feijoa]], [[Eugenia stipitata|arazá]], [[Pitaya|dragon fruit]], [[Purple mangosteen|mangostino]], [[Passiflora ligularis|granadilla]], [[papaya]], [[guava]], mora ([[blackberry]]), [[Solanum quitoense|lulo]], [[Annona muricata|soursop]] and [[passionfruit]].<ref name="Colombian cuisine">{{cite web| url=http://www.mincultura.gov.co/Sitios/patrimonio/bibliotecas-de-cocinas/tomos/tomo09.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mincultura.gov.co/Sitios/patrimonio/bibliotecas-de-cocinas/tomos/tomo09.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=Gran libro de la cocina colombiana – Biblioteca básica de cocinas tradicionales de Colombia|language=es|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> Colombia is one of the world's largest consumers of fruit juices.<ref>Singh, Gitanjali M., et al. "Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk: a systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries." PLoS ONE 10.8 (2015): e0124845.</ref>

Among the most representative appetizers and soups are [[Tostones|patacones]] (fried green plantains), [[sancocho]] de gallina (chicken soup with root vegetables) and [[ajiaco]] (potato and corn soup). Representative snacks and breads are [[pandebono]], [[arepa]]s (corn cakes), [[aborrajado]]s (fried sweet plantains with cheese), [[torta]] de [[choclo]], [[empanada]]s and [[almojábana]]s. Representative main courses are [[bandeja paisa]], [[lechona tolimense]], [[Ternera a la llanera|mamona]], [[tamales]] and fish dishes (such as [[arroz de lisa]]), especially in coastal regions where [[kibbeh]], [[suero]], [[costeño cheese]] and [[carimañola]]s are also eaten. Representative side dishes are papas chorreadas (potatoes with cheese), remolachas rellenas con huevo duro (beets stuffed with [[hard-boiled egg]]) and [[coconut rice|arroz con coco]] (coconut rice).<ref name="Colombian cuisine" /><ref name="Paseo de olla" /> [[Organic food]] is a current trend in big cities, although in general across the country the fruits and veggies are very natural and fresh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nielsen.com/co/es/insights/news/20151/habitos-consumidores-colombianos.html|title=Hábitos de los consumidores en la tendencia saludable|publisher=nielsen.com|language=es|access-date=24 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831012250/http://www.nielsen.com/co/es/insights/news/20151/habitos-consumidores-colombianos.html|archive-date=31 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Colombian Food">{{cite web|url=http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/exploresouthamericanfood/tp/Colombian-Food.htm|publisher=southamericanfood.about.com|title=Colombian Food; A List of Traditional and Modern Colombian Recipes|access-date=30 October 2013|archive-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102023313/http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/exploresouthamericanfood/tp/Colombian-Food.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Representative desserts are [[buñuelo]]s, [[natilla]]s, [[Maria Luisa cake]], [[bocadillo (dessert)|bocadillo]] made of guayaba (guava jelly), [[cocadas]] (coconut balls), casquitos de guayaba (candied guava peels), [[torta de nata]]s, [[oblea]]s, [[Crème caramel|flan]] de [[mango]], [[roscón]], [[milhoja]], [[manjar blanco]], dulce de [[feijoa]], dulce de [[Mountain papaya|papayuela]], [[torta]] de mojicón, and esponjado de [[curuba]]. Typical sauces (salsas) are [[hogao]] (tomato and onion sauce) and Colombian-style [[Ají (sauce)|ají]].<ref name="Colombian cuisine" /><ref name="Paseo de olla" />

Some representative beverages are [[Coffee production in Colombia|coffee]] (Tinto), [[champús]], [[cholado]], [[lulada]], [[avena (beverage)|avena]] colombiana, [[sugarcane]] juice, [[aguapanela]], [[aguardiente]], [[hot chocolate]] and fresh fruit juices (often made with water or milk).<ref name="Colombian cuisine" /><ref name="Paseo de olla" />

===Sports===
{{Main|Sport in Colombia}}
[[File:Rio 2016. Ciclismo BMX-BMX Cycling (29016608602).jpg|thumb|[[Mariana Pajón]] is a Colombian cyclist, two-time Olympic gold medalist and [[UCI BMX World Championships|BMX World Champion]].]]

[[Tejo (sport)|Tejo]] is Colombia's national sport and is a team sport that involves launching projectiles to hit a target.<ref name="Tejo-Colombia's national sport.">{{cite web| url=http://thecitypaperbogota.com/uncategorized/homepage-featured/tejo-most-muddy-sport/ |publisher=thecitypaperbogota.com |title=Tejo – Colombia's national sport|date=28 August 2013 |access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> But of all sports in Colombia, [[Association football|football]] is the most popular. [[Colombia national football team|Colombia]] was the champion of the [[2001 Copa América]], in which they set a new record of being undefeated, conceding no goals and winning each match. Colombia has been awarded "[[FIFA World Rankings#Best Mover of the Year|mover of the year]]" twice.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130521041140/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/r&a-wr/71/25/61/152246-factsheet-topteamandthebestmoveroftheyear.pdf Top Team and the Best Mover of the Year]. FIFA</ref>

Colombia is a hub for [[Inline speed skating|roller skaters]]. The national team is a perennial powerhouse at the World Roller Speed Skating Championships.<ref name="Patinaje colombiano">{{cite web |url=http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/deportes/noticias/patinaje-colombiano-ganador-mundo |title=Patinaje colombiano, el más ganador del mundo |publisher=elpais.com.co |language=es |access-date=9 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326235134/http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/deportes/noticias/patinaje-colombiano-ganador-mundo |archive-date=26 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Colombia has traditionally been very good in [[Cycle sport|cycling]] and a large number of Colombian cyclists have triumphed in major competitions of cycling.<ref name="Colombian cycling">{{cite web|url=http://www.antena2.com.co/noticias/momentos-historicos-del-ciclismo-colombiano-69593|title=Historical moments of the Colombian cycling|publisher=antena2.com.co|language=es|access-date=2 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705225607/http://www.antena2.com.co/noticias/momentos-historicos-del-ciclismo-colombiano-69593|archive-date=5 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Baseball is popular in cities like [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]] and [[Barranquilla]]. Of those cities have come good players like: [[Orlando Cabrera]], [[Édgar Rentería]], who was champion of the [[World Series]] in [[1997 World Series|1997]] and [[2010 World Series|2010]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/2010/Irente0013352010.htm |title=The 2010 SF N World Series Batting Log for Edgar Renteria |publisher=Retrosheet |access-date=21 March 2011}}</ref> and others who have played in [[Major League Baseball]]. Colombia was [[Baseball World Cup|world amateur champion]] in 1947 and 1965.<ref name="béisbolglorias">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.eltiempo.com/playball/2010/03/26/recordando-a-nuestras-glorias-del-beisbol/|title=Recordando a nuestras glorias del béisbol|publisher=eltiempo.com|language=es|access-date=9 October 2013|archive-date=8 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308015531/http://blogs.eltiempo.com/playball/2010/03/26/recordando-a-nuestras-glorias-del-beisbol/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Boxing]] is one of the sports that has produced more world champions for Colombia.<ref name="History of boxing">{{cite web|url=http://boxeodecolombia.com/historia-del-boxeo-en-colombia/|title=History of boxing in Colombia|date=13 July 2011|publisher=boxeodecolombia.com|access-date=7 March 2014|language=es|archive-date=7 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307230944/http://boxeodecolombia.com/historia-del-boxeo-en-colombia/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Boxing champions">{{cite web|url=http://boxeodecolombia.com/nuestros-campeones/|title=Boxing champions|publisher=boxeodecolombia.com|access-date=7 March 2014|language=es|archive-date=7 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307230928/http://boxeodecolombia.com/nuestros-campeones/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Motorsport]]s also occupies an important place in the sporting preferences of Colombians; [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] is a race car driver known for winning 7 Formula One events. Colombia also has excelled in sports such as [[UCI BMX World Championships|BMX]], [[judo]], [[Shooting sports|shooting sport]], [[taekwondo]], [[wrestling]], [[high diving]] and [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], also has a long tradition in [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]] and [[bowling]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.semana.com/deportes/articulo/colombia-vive-esplendor-deportivo-inedito-en-su-historia/399243-3|title=Colombia vive esplendor deportivo inédito en su historia| date=18 August 2014 |publisher=semana.com|language=es|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coc.org.co/about-us/office-premises/|title=History of the Colombian Olympic Committee.|publisher=[[Colombian Olympic Committee]]|language=es|access-date=14 June 2016|archive-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021094018/http://www.coc.org.co/about-us/office-premises/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reporterosasociados.com.co/2016/04/el-bolo-colombiano-ratifico-su-condicion-de-potencia-continental/|title=El bolo colombiano ratificó su condición de potencia continental |publisher=reporterosasociados.com.co|language=es|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>