Editing Cilicia (section)

=== Ancient ===
==== Ethnicity ====
The inhabitants of Ancient Cilicia were [[Luwians]] who had settled in this region in the 2nd millennium BC, and Cilicia itself had become an important centre of Luwian settlement in Anatolia in the aftermath of the [[Late Bronze Age collapse]].{{sfn|Bryce|2009|p=166}}

This Luwian population persisted in Cilicia in the 1st millennium BC until the later Hellenistic and Roman periods, hence why the onomastics of this region, especially in its western part (Rough Cilicia), were Luwian in character, implying that it was inhabited by a large number of Luwian speakers until the early 1st millennium AD.{{sfn|Bryce|2009|p=166}}

===== Persian influence =====
Like in the rest of the western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, Persians had moved in Cilicia, and archaeological evidence such as reliefs from Silifke, Adana and Korykos suggest that a Persian nobility as well as a Persianised nobility existed in Cilicia during the Achaemenid period.{{sfn|Weiskopf|1991}}

===== Cultural diversity =====
Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid Cilicia was culturally very diverse, as attested by:{{sfn|Weiskopf|1991}}
* Aramaic funerary inscriptions and an Aramaic foundation text at Meydancık;
* coins minted at Soli and Tarsus of Persian, modified Persian, and non-Persian types;
* Greek and Aramaic inscriptions.

==== Social organisation ====
The population of the eastern part of ancient Cilicia was urbanised and participated in commercial and industrial activities, while the inhabitants of its western regions were tribally organised and led simpler lifestyles.{{sfn|Bryce|2009|p=165}}