Editing Charles Manson (section)

== 1971–2017: Third imprisonment ==
=== 1970s–1980s ===
[[File:Charles Manson 1971.jpg|thumb|upright|150 px|alt=Manson's|Manson's 1971 mugshot.]]
Manson was admitted to state prison from Los Angeles County on April 22, 1971, for seven counts of [[Murder|first-degree murder]] and one count of [[Conspiracy to murder|conspiracy to commit murder]] for the deaths of Abigail Ann Folger, Wojciech Frykowski, Steven Earl Parent, Sharon Tate Polanski, Jay Sebring, and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khokhobashvili |first=Krissi |date=2017-11-19 |title=Inmate Charles Manson Dies of Natural Causes |url=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/news/2017/11/19/inmate-charles-manson-dies-of-natural-causes/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=News Releases |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1972, the [[Supreme Court of California|California Supreme Court]] ruled that the state's death penalty statutes was unconstitutional, Manson was re-sentenced to life with the possibility of parole. His initial death sentence was modified to life on February&nbsp;2, 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Little |first=Becky |date=2017-11-20 |title=Charles Manson Was Sentenced to Death. Why Wasn't He Executed? |url=https://www.history.com/articles/charles-manson-was-sentenced-to-death-why-wasnt-he-executed |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manson Family murders: Key players in the Tate-LaBianca killings |url=https://abc7.com/manson-family-murders-charles-sharon-tate-tex-watson/782755/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=ABC7 Los Angeles |language=en}}</ref>

On December 13, 1971, Manson was convicted of first-degree murder in Los Angeles County Court for the July 25, 1969, death of musician Gary Hinman. He was also convicted of first-degree murder for the August 1969 death of Donald Shea. Following the 1972 decision of ''[[People v. Anderson|California v. Anderson]]'', California's [[Capital punishment in California|death sentences]] were ruled unconstitutional and that "any prisoner now under a sentence of death ... may file a petition for writ of ''[[habeas corpus]]'' in the superior court inviting that court to modify its judgment to provide for the appropriate alternative punishment of life imprisonment or life imprisonment without possibility of parole specified by statute for the crime for which he was sentenced to death."<ref>{{Cite web |title=People v. Anderson - 6 Cal.3d 628 - Fri, 02/18/1972 {{!}} California Supreme Court Resources |url=https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-anderson-22750 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=scocal.stanford.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=People v. Anderson |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/3d/6/628.html |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Manson was thus eligible to apply for [[parole]] after seven years' incarceration.{{sfn|Bugliosi|Gentry|1974|pp=488–491}} His first parole hearing took place on November 16, 1978, at California Medical Facility in [[Vacaville, California|Vacaville]], where his petition was rejected.{{sfn|Bugliosi|Gentry|1974|pp=497–498}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Manson Family and Sharon Tate-Labianca Murders – Cielodrive.com |url=http://www.cielodrive.com/charles-manson-denied-parole.php |access-date=April 24, 2012 |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501212420/http://cielodrive.com/charles-manson-denied-parole.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Gerald Ford assassination attempt====
{{Main|Gerald Ford assassination attempt in Sacramento}}
On September 5, 1975, the Family returned to national attention when [[Lynette Fromme|Squeaky Fromme]] attempted to assassinate U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]].<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}} The attempt took place in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], to which she and fellow Manson follower [[Sandra Good]] had moved so that they could be near Manson while he was incarcerated at [[Folsom State Prison]]. A subsequent search of the apartment shared by Fromme, Good, and another Family recruit turned up evidence that, coupled with later actions on the part of Good, resulted in Good's conviction for conspiring to send threatening communications through the United States mail service and for transmitting death threats by way of interstate commerce. The threats involved corporate executives and U.S. government officials vis-à-vis supposed environmental dereliction on their part.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}}

Fromme was sentenced to 15 years to life, becoming the first person sentenced under [[United States Code]] Title 18, chapter 84 (1965),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1751-|title=18 U.S.C. §&nbsp;1751|website=Law.cornell.edu|date=June 28, 2010|access-date=November 28, 2010|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720042349/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1751|url-status=live}}</ref> which made it a federal crime to attempt to assassinate the President of the United States. In December 1987, Fromme, serving a life sentence for the assassination attempt, escaped briefly from [[Federal Prison Camp, Alderson]] in [[West Virginia]]. She was trying to reach Manson because she heard that he had [[testicular cancer]]; she was apprehended within days.<ref name="bugliosi" />{{Rp|502–511}} She was released on parole from [[Federal Medical Center, Carswell]] on August 14, 2009.<ref name="abc">{{cite news|title=Would-Be Assassin 'Squeaky' Fromme Released from Prison|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/MansonMurders/story?id=8327414&page=1|publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|date=August 14, 2009|access-date=August 14, 2009|archive-date=August 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816201405/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/MansonMurders/story?id=8327414&page=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1980s–1990s ===
[[File:FolsomStatePrison.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|[[Folsom State Prison]], where Manson spent time imprisoned.]]
In the 1980s, Manson gave four interviews to the mainstream media. The first, recorded at [[California Medical Facility]] and aired on June 13, 1981, was by [[Tom Snyder]] for [[NBC]]'s ''[[Tomorrow Coast to Coast|The Tomorrow Show]]''. The second, recorded at [[San Quentin State Prison]] and aired on March 7, 1986, was by [[Charlie Rose]] for ''CBS News Nightwatch'', and it won the national news [[Emmy Award]] for Best Interview in 1987.<ref name="Diary of a Mad Saloon Owner">{{Cite web |title=Nathans Restaurant in Georgetown, Washington DC |url=http://www.nathanslunch.com/diary_aprilmay_2005.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625104129/http://www.nathanslunch.com/diary_aprilmay_2005.htm |archive-date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.nathanslunch.com |url-status=live }}</ref> The third, with [[Geraldo Rivera]] in 1988, was part of the journalist's prime-time special on [[Satanism]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rivera's 'Devil Worship' was TV at its Worst|author-link=Tom Shales|first=Tom|last=Shales|newspaper=[[The Mercury News|San Jose Mercury News]]|date=October 31, 1988}}</ref> At least as early as the Snyder interview, Manson's forehead bore a [[swastika]] in the spot where the X carved during his trial had been.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hearts and Souls Dissected, in 12 Minutes or Less |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/31/arts/television/31tomo.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 31, 2007 |access-date=October 31, 2009 |quote=Appraisal of Tom Snyder, upon his death. Includes photograph of Manson with swastika on forehead during 1981 interview. |first=Dave |last=Itzkoff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111234610/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/31/arts/television/31tomo.html |archive-date=January 11, 2012 }}</ref> [[Nikolas Schreck]] conducted an interview with Manson for his documentary ''[[Charles Manson Superstar]]''. Schreck concluded that Manson was not insane but merely acting that way out of frustration.<ref>{{cite AV media|title=Charles Manson Superstar|date=1989}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|work=Interano Radio|title=Interview with Nikolas Schreck|date=August 1988}}</ref>

On September 25, 1984, Manson was imprisoned in the [[California Medical Facility]] at [[Vacaville, California|Vacaville]] when inmate Jan Holmstrom poured [[paint thinner]] on him and set him on fire, causing second and third degree burns on over 20&nbsp;percent of his body. Holmstrom explained that Manson had objected to his [[Hare Krishna (mantra)|Hare Krishna]] chants and verbally threatened him.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1984-09-26 |title=AROUND THE NATION; Manson Is Set Ablaze By Inmate in California |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/26/us/around-the-nation-manson-is-set-ablaze-by-inmate-in-california.html |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After 1989, Manson was housed in the Protective Housing Unit at California State Prison, Corcoran, in Kings County.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-19 |title=How Charles Manson Became One Of The Most Notorious Cult Leaders - CBS Sacramento |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/how-charles-manson-became-one-of-the-most-notorious-cult-leaders/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>The unit housed inmates whose safety would be endangered by general-population housing. He had also been housed at San Quentin State Prison,<ref name="Diary of a Mad Saloon Owner" /> California Medical Facility in Vacaville, Folsom State Prison and Pelican Bay State Prison.<ref name="Sun Journal" />
In June 1997, a prison disciplinary committee found that Manson had been trafficking drugs.<ref name="Sun Journal">{{cite news |title=Manson moved to a tougher prison after drug charge |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=z1IpAAAAIBAJ&pg=5539%2C3207462 |access-date=January 16, 2013 |newspaper=Sun Journal |date=August 22, 1997 |agency=AP |location=Lewiston, Maine |page=7A |archive-date=May 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507124620/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=z1IpAAAAIBAJ&pg=5539%2C3207462 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was moved from Corcoran State Prison to [[Pelican Bay State Prison]] a month later.<ref name="Sun Journal" />

=== 2000s–2017 ===
[[File:Manson-June-2011.jpg|thumb|upright|Manson, age 76, June 2011.]]

On September 5, 2007, [[MSNBC]] aired ''The Mind of Manson'', a complete version of a 1987 interview at California's [[San Quentin State Prison]]. The footage of the "unshackled, unapologetic, and unruly" Manson had been considered "so unbelievable" that only seven minutes of it had originally been broadcast on ''[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]'', for which it had been recorded.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-09-06 |title='MSNBC Live' for Sept. 5 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna20623572 |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New prison photo of Charles Manson released |work=[[CNN]]|date=March 20, 2009 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/03/19/california.manson.photo/index.html |access-date=July 21, 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729031627/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/03/19/california.manson.photo/index.html |archive-date=July 29, 2009 }}</ref>

In 2009, Los Angeles disc jockey Matthew Roberts released correspondence and other evidence indicating that he might be Manson's biological son. Roberts' biological mother claims that she was a member of the Manson Family who left in mid-1967 after being raped by Manson; she returned to her parents' home to complete the pregnancy, gave birth on March 22, 1968, and put Roberts up for adoption. CNN conducted a DNA test between Matthew Roberts and Manson's known biological grandson Jason Freeman in 2012, showing that Roberts and Freeman did not share DNA.<ref name="specter">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/23/us/ohio-manson-grandson/index.html|title=Two men relate to same haunting specter – Charles Manson|last=Marquez|first=Miguel|work=[[CNN]]|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=May 14, 2019|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514211921/https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/23/us/ohio-manson-grandson/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Roberts subsequently attempted to establish that Manson was his father through a direct DNA test which proved definitively that Roberts and Manson were not related.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/charles-mansons-body-is-on-ice-under-a-fake-name-10|title=The Battle Over Charles Manson's Corpse|first=Kate|last=Briquelet|date=March 8, 2018|website=[[The Daily Beast]]|access-date=May 14, 2019|archive-date=June 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626225804/https://www.thedailybeast.com/charles-mansons-body-is-on-ice-under-a-fake-name-10|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that Manson was caught with a cell phone in 2009 and had contacted people in California, New Jersey, Florida and British Columbia. A spokesperson for the California Department of Corrections stated that it was not known if Manson had used the phone for criminal purposes.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Greg |url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/weird/Cell-Phone-Charles-Manson-Busted-with-a-Mobile-111256244.html?dr |title='Cell' Phone: Charles Manson Busted with a Mobile |publisher=NBC Los Angeles |date=December 3, 2010 |access-date=October 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019214923/http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/weird/Cell-Phone-Charles-Manson-Busted-with-a-Mobile-111256244.html?dr |archive-date=October 19, 2012 }}</ref> Manson also recorded an album of acoustic pop songs with additional production by [[Henry Rollins]], titled ''Completion''. Only five copies were pressed: two belong to Rollins, while the other three are presumed to have been with Manson. The album remains unreleased.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Michaels |first1=Sean |title=Henry Rollins produced Charles Manson album |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/dec/15/henry-rollins-charles-manson |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=December 15, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173114/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/dec/15/henry-rollins-charles-manson |archive-date=October 29, 2017 }}</ref>

In 2013, Manson stated that he was [[bisexuality|bisexual]], saying "Sex to me is like going to the toilet. Whether it's a girl or not. It doesn't matter. I don't play that girl-guy shit. I'm not hung up in that game."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hedegaard |first=Erik |title=Charles Manson Today: The Final Confessions of a Psychopath |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/charles-manson-today-the-final-confessions-of-a-psychopath-58782/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=November 21, 2013 }}</ref> In 2014, the imprisoned Manson became engaged to 26-year-old Afton Elaine Burton and obtained a marriage license on November 7.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Feeney |first=Nolan |date=2014-11-18 |title=5 Things to Know About the Woman Charles Manson Might Marry |url=https://time.com/3590836/charles-manson-marriage-afton-elaine-burton-star/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref> Manson gave Burton the nickname "Star". She had been visiting him in prison for at least nine years and maintained several websites that proclaimed his innocence.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Deutsch |first1=Linda |author-link=Linda Deutsch |title=Charles Manson Gets Marriage License |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-exclusive-charles-manson-marriage-license-26978380 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117232054/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ap-exclusive-charles-manson-marriage-license-26978380 |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|agency=Associated Press |access-date=November 17, 2014 }}</ref> The wedding license expired on February 5, 2015, without a marriage ceremony taking place.<ref name=post /> Journalist Daniel Simone reported that the wedding was canceled after Manson discovered that Burton wanted to marry him only so that she and friend Craig Hammond could use his corpse as a tourist attraction after his death.<ref name="post">{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2015/02/08/charles-mansons-fiancee-wanted-to-marry-him-for-his-corpse-source/ |title=Charles Manson's fiancee wanted to marry him for his corpse: Source |work=[[New York Post]] |date=February 8, 2015 |access-date=February 2, 2015 |last=Sanderson|first=Bill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208164216/http://nypost.com/2015/02/08/charles-mansons-fiancee-wanted-to-marry-him-for-his-corpse-source/ |archive-date=February 8, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="independent corpse">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/charles-manson-wedding-off-after-it-emerges-that-girlfriend-afton-elaine-burton-just-wanted-his-corpse-for-display-10034793.html |title=Charles Manson wedding off after it emerges that fiancee Afton Elaine Burton 'just wanted his corpse for display' |work=[[The Independent]] |date=February 9, 2015 |access-date=February 11, 2015 |last=Hooton|first=Christopher |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210220731/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/charles-manson-wedding-off-after-it-emerges-that-girlfriend-afton-elaine-burton-just-wanted-his-corpse-for-display-10034793.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 }}</ref> According to Simone, Manson believed that he would never die and may simply have used the possibility of marriage as a way to encourage Burton and Hammond to continue visiting him and bringing him gifts. Burton said on her website that the reason that the marriage did not take place was merely logistical. Manson had an infection and had been in a prison medical facility for two months and could not receive visitors. She said that she still hoped that the marriage license would be renewed and the marriage would take place.<ref name=post />