Editing Cerebral cortex (section)

====Motor areas====
The motor areas are located in both hemispheres of the cortex. The motor areas are very closely related to the control of voluntary movements, especially fine fragmented movements performed by the hand. The right half of the motor area controls the left side of the body, and vice versa.

Two areas of the cortex are commonly referred to as motor:
* [[Primary motor cortex]], which ''executes'' voluntary movements <ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Moini J, Piran P |chapter=Chapter 6 - Cerebral cortex |chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128174241000069 | veditors = Moini J, Piran P |title= Functional and Clinical Neuroanatomy: A Guide for Health Care Professionals |date=January 2020 |pages=177–240 |publisher=Academic Press |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-817424-1.00006-9 |isbn=978-0-12-817424-1 }}</ref>
* [[Supplementary motor area]]s and [[premotor cortex]], which ''select'' voluntary movements.<ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Michelet T, Burbaud P, Gross CE, Bioulac B | chapter = Behavioral Planning: Neurophysiological Approach of the Frontal Lobe Function in Primates |chapter-url= https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B978008045396500213X | veditors = Koob GF, Le Moal M, Thompson RF |title= Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience|date=January 2010 |pages=145–152 |publisher=Academic Press |doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-045396-5.00213-X |isbn=978-0-08-045396-5 }}</ref>

In addition, motor functions have been described for:
* [[Posterior parietal cortex]], which guides voluntary movements in space
* [[Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex]], which decides which voluntary movements to make according to higher-order instructions, rules, and self-generated thoughts.

Just underneath the cerebral cortex are interconnected subcortical masses of grey matter called [[basal ganglia]] (or nuclei). The basal ganglia receive input from the substantia nigra of the midbrain and motor areas of the cerebral cortex, and send signals back to both of these locations. They are involved in motor control. They are found lateral to the thalamus. The main components of the basal ganglia are the [[caudate nucleus]], the [[putamen]], the [[globus pallidus]], the [[substantia nigra]], the [[nucleus accumbens]], and the [[subthalamic nucleus]]. The putamen and globus pallidus are also collectively known as the [[lentiform nucleus]], because together they form a lens-shaped body. The putamen and caudate nucleus are also collectively called the [[corpus striatum]] after their striped appearance.<ref>Saladin, Kenneth. Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 5th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2010. Print.</ref><ref>Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers, 2008.</ref>