Editing Cement (section)

==Reduced-footprint cement==
Growing environmental concerns and the increasing cost of fossil fuels have resulted, in many countries, in a sharp reduction of the resources needed to produce cement, as well as effluents (dust and exhaust gases).<ref name="groundwork.org.za">{{Cite web|title=Alternative fuels in cement manufacture – CEMBUREAU brochure, 1997|url=http://www.groundwork.org.za/Cement/Alternative_Fuels_in_Cement_Manufacture_CEMBUREAU_Brochure_EN.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002040331/http://www.groundwork.org.za/Cement/Alternative_Fuels_in_Cement_Manufacture_CEMBUREAU_Brochure_EN.pdf|archive-date=2 October 2013}}</ref> Reduced-footprint cement is a cementitious material that meets or exceeds the functional performance capabilities of Portland cement. Various techniques are under development. One is [[geopolymer cement]], which incorporates recycled materials, thereby reducing consumption of raw materials, water, and energy. Another approach is to reduce or eliminate the production and release of damaging pollutants and greenhouse gasses, particularly {{chem|CO|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Engineers develop cement with 97 percent smaller carbon dioxide and energy footprint – DrexelNow|url=http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2012/February/Engineers-Develop-Cement-With-97-Percent-Smaller-Carbon-Dioxide-and-Energy-Footprint/|website=DrexelNow|date=20 February 2012|access-date=16 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218144742/http://www.drexel.edu/now/archive/2012/February/Engineers-Develop-Cement-With-97-Percent-Smaller-Carbon-Dioxide-and-Energy-Footprint/|archive-date=18 December 2015}}</ref> Recycling old cement in [[electric arc furnace]]s is another approach.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How to make low-carbon concrete from old cement|url=https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2023/04/26/how-to-make-low-carbon-concrete-from-old-cement|access-date=27 April 2023|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Also, a team at the [[University of Edinburgh]] has developed the 'DUPE' process based on the microbial activity of ''[[Sporosarcina pasteurii]]'', a bacterium precipitating calcium carbonate, which, when mixed with [[sand]] and [[urine]], can produce mortar blocks with a compressive strength 70% of that of concrete.<ref>{{cite web|author=Monks, Kieron|date=22 May 2014|title=Would you live in a house made of sand and bacteria? It's a surprisingly good idea|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/21/tech/innovation/would-you-live-in-a-house-made-of-urine-and-bacteria/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720051919/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/21/tech/innovation/would-you-live-in-a-house-made-of-urine-and-bacteria/index.html|archive-date=20 July 2014|access-date=20 July 2014|publisher=CNN}}</ref> An overview of climate-friendly methods for cement production can be found here.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top-Innovationen 2020: Zement lässt sich auch klimafreundlich produzieren|url=https://www.spektrum.de/news/gruene-produktion-des-klima-suenders-beton/1806968|access-date=28 December 2020|website=www.spektrum.de|language=de}}</ref>