Editing Carl Jung (section)

===Persona===
{{see also|Persona (psychology)}}
In his psychological theory—which is not necessarily linked to a particular theory of [[social structure]]—the ''persona'' appears as a consciously created personality or identity, fashioned out of part of the collective psyche through [[socialization]], [[acculturation]] and experience.<ref>Jolande Székács Jacobi, ''Masks of the Soul''. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1977; Robert H. Hopcke, ''Persona''. Berkeley: Shambhala Publications, 1995.</ref> Jung applied the term ''[[persona]]'' explicitly because, in Latin, it means both ''personality'' and the ''masks'' worn by Roman actors of the [[Classical antiquity|classical period]], expressive of the individual roles played.

The ''persona'', he argues, is a mask for the "collective psyche", a mask that 'pretends' individuality so that both self and others believe in that identity, even if it is really no more than a well-played ''role'' through which the collective psyche is expressed. Jung regarded the "persona-mask" as a complicated system that ''mediates'' between individual consciousness and the social community: it is "a compromise between the individual and society as to what a man should appear to be".<ref>Carl Jung", The Relations between the Ego and the Unconscious", in: [[Joseph Campbell]] (ed.), ''The Portable Jung''. New York: Viking Press, 1971, p. 106.</ref> But he also makes it quite explicit that it is, in substance, a ''character mask'' in the classical sense known to theatre, with its double function: both intended to make a certain impression on others and to hide (part of) the true nature of the individual.<ref>Carl Jung, ''Two Essays on Analytical Psychology''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2nd ed. 1977, p. 157.</ref> The therapist then aims to assist the [[individuation]] process through which the client (re)gains their "own self"—by liberating the self, both from the deceptive cover of the ''persona'' and from the power of unconscious impulses.

Jung has influenced management theory because managers and executives create an appropriate "management persona" (a corporate mask) and a persuasive identity,<ref>Joann S. Lublin, "How to Look and Act Like a Leader", ''The Wall Street Journal'', 12 September 2011.</ref> and they have to evaluate ''what sort of people'' the workers are, to manage them (for example, using [[personality test]]s and [[peer review]]s).<ref>[[Kees van der Pijl]], "May 1968 and the Alternative Globalist Movement – Cadre Class Formation and the Transition to Socialism". In: Angelika Ebbinghaus et al. (ed.), ''1968: A View of the Protest Movements 40 Years after, from a Global Perspective. 43rd {{ill|International Conference of Labour and Social History|de}} 2008.'' Vienna: Akademische Verlagsanstalt, 2009, pp. 192, 193, 194.</ref>