Editing Carbon nanotube (section)

== Metrology ==
There are many [[metrology]] standards and [[reference material]]s available for carbon nanotubes.<ref name="Stefaniak-2017">{{cite book|title=Metrology and Standardization of Nanotechnology| vauthors = Stefaniak AB |date=2017|publisher=Wiley-VCH Verlag|isbn=978-3-527-80030-8| veditors = Mansfield E, Kaiser DL, Fujita D, Van de Voorde M |pages=151–174|chapter=Principal Metrics and Instrumentation for Characterization of Engineered Nanomaterials|doi=10.1002/9783527800308.ch8}}</ref>

For single-wall carbon nanotubes, [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]]/TS 10868 describes a measurement method for the diameter, purity, and fraction of metallic nanotubes through [[Optical radiation|optical]] [[absorption spectroscopy]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/69547.html|title=ISO/TS 10868:2017 – Nanotechnologies – Characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes using ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) absorption spectroscopy|website=[[International Organization for Standardization]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907032921/https://www.iso.org/standard/69547.html|archive-date=2017-09-07|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> while ISO/TS 10797 and ISO/TS 10798 establish methods to characterize the morphology and elemental composition of single-wall carbon nanotubes, using [[transmission electron microscopy]] and [[Scanning electron microscope|scanning electron microscopy]] respectively, coupled with energy dispersive [[X-ray spectroscopy|X-ray spectrometry]] analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/46127.html|title=ISO/TS 10797:2012 – Nanotechnologies – Characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes using transmission electron microscopy|website=International Organization for Standardization|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033223/https://www.iso.org/standard/46127.html|archive-date=2017-09-07|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref><ref name="ISO">{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/46128.html|title=ISO/TS 10798:2011 – Nanotechnologies – Characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry analysis|website=International Organization for Standardization|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033356/https://www.iso.org/standard/46128.html|archive-date=2017-09-07|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref>

[[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]] SRM 2483 is a soot of single-wall carbon nanotubes used as a reference material for [[elemental analysis]], and was characterized using [[thermogravimetric analysis]], [[prompt gamma activation analysis]], induced [[neutron activation analysis]], [[Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry|inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy]], resonant [[Raman scattering]], [[Optical radiation|UV-visible-near infrared]] [[fluorescence spectroscopy]] and absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.<ref name="Fagan-2009">{{cite news|url=https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/carbon-nanotube-reference-materials|title=Carbon Nanotube Reference Materials| vauthors = Fagan J |date=2009-03-05|work=U.S. [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] | access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=2483|title=SRM 2483 – Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (Raw Soot)|website=U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218233137/https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=2483|archive-date=2013-02-18|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> The [[National Research Council (Canada)|Canadian National Research Council]] also offers a certified reference material SWCNT-1 for elemental analysis using neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.<ref name="Stefaniak-2017" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/solutions/advisory/crm/certificates/swcnt_1.html|title=SWCNT-1: Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Certified Reference Material – National Research Council Canada|date=2014-11-07|website=Canadian [[National Research Council (Canada)|National Research Council]] | access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> NIST RM 8281 is a mixture of three lengths of single-wall carbon nanotube.<ref name="Fagan-2009" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=8281|title=RM 8281 – Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (Dispersed, Three Length-Resolved Populations)|website=U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401143054/https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/view_detail.cfm?srm=8281|archive-date=2015-04-01|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref>

For multiwall carbon nanotubes, ISO/TR 10929 identifies the basic properties and the content of impurities,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/46424.html|title=ISO/TR 10929:2012 – Nanotechnologies – Characterization of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) samples|website=International Organization for Standardization|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907034138/https://www.iso.org/standard/46424.html|archive-date=2017-09-07|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> while ISO/TS 11888 describes morphology using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, [[Viscometer|viscometry]], and [[light scattering]] analysis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/69549.html|title=ISO/TS 11888:2017 –Nanotechnologies – Characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes – Mesoscopic shape factors|website=International Organization for Standardization|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907032855/https://www.iso.org/standard/69549.html|archive-date=2017-09-07|access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> ISO/TS 10798 is also valid for multiwall carbon nanotubes.<ref name="ISO" />