Editing Camorra (section)

==Current status==

With most of the old Camorra clans decapitated, and their bosses either dead or arrested, the organization is experiencing a rise in youth criminal gangs trying to take their places. This phenomenon is called ''Paranza'', Camorra terminology for a criminal group led by youngsters or "small fish". Whilst the older bosses often operated out of the limelight, these young criminals broadcast their exploits on social media, posing in designer clothes  and with €200 bottles of champagne.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|title=Camorra child gangsters replace omertà with social media boasting|work=The Guardian|date=25 February 2019|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, 19 year-old Emanuele Sibillo, considered one of the first young and leading bosses of this new generation, was shot dead by a rival baby gang.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|title=Camorra child gangsters replace omertà with social media boasting|first=Lorenzo|last=Tondo|date=25 February 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321153102/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/25/camorra-child-gangsters-replace-omerta-with-social-media-boasting|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of these young criminals are children of Camorra members that are currently in jail.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.panorama.it/news/cronaca/napoli-come-nascono-e-colpiscono-le-baby-gang/|title=Napoli, come nascono e colpiscono le baby gang|date=17 January 2018|publisher=panorama.it|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321155204/https://www.panorama.it/news/cronaca/napoli-come-nascono-e-colpiscono-le-baby-gang/|archive-date=21 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to Felia Allum, author of book ''The Invisible Camorra: Neapolitan Crime Families across Europe'':
{{Blockquote|We can clearly see the baby gangs are criminals, or people who want to have criminal careers. But there's a vacuum, because the traditional families have lost their leaders. In the centre of Naples the bosses are either in prison or they've become state witnesses, so there's this kind of space for younger kids to appear. They're 17 or 18 with criminal ambition, and they've got a sense of identity of what they want to do.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/italy-young-people-i-bambini-del-diavolo-mafia-organised-crime-fashion-a8525416.html|title=How 12-year-old 'devils' are terrorising the streets of Naples|date=October 12, 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=March 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321165815/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/italy-young-people-i-bambini-del-diavolo-mafia-organised-crime-fashion-a8525416.html|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

However, according to Peppe Misso, called ''’o nasone'', former boss of the Misso clan for over 40 years and now pentito, this young generation of criminals are managed by the "real" Camorra clans, shifting the public attention to these baby gangs while they do their business in silence. According to Misso, the real power of the organization is now in the hands of the [[Licciardi clan]], [[Mallardo clan]], [[Moccia clan]] and [[Contini clan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it/napoli/cronaca/16_settembre_20/misso-napoli-baby-boss-manovrati-piu-potenti-famiglie-camorra-bc10a378-7efb-11e6-aab9-cdf65779fa46.shtml|title=Misso: a Napoli baby boss manovrati dalle più potenti famiglie di camorra|first=Fabio|last=Postiglione|date=20 September 2016|website=Corriere della Sera}}</ref>

On 2 September 2018, [[Ciro Mazzarella]], one of the last historical godfathers of the Camorra, and head of the [[Mazzarella clan]], died in his villa in the affluent neighbourhood of [[Posillipo]], Naples, at the age of 78.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/ciro-mazzarella-morto-boss-camorra-napoli-contrabbando-sigarette/|title=E' morto Ciro Mazzarella, l'ultimo contrabbandiere di Santa Lucia|date=3 September 2018|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327145032/https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/ciro-mazzarella-morto-boss-camorra-napoli-contrabbando-sigarette/|archive-date=27 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to reports, in 2019, after the arrest of [[Marco Di Lauro]], leader of the [[Di Lauro clan]] and fourth son of [[Paolo Di Lauro]], the Contini clan became the most powerful clan of the Camorra, thanks to no internal split, and not having affiliates that became collaborators of justice. The clan is present in the drugs trafficking, extortion, betting and counterfeiting, also investing hundreds of millions of euros in various countries of Europe.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-dopo-larresto-di-marco-di-lauro-i-contini-sono-il-clan-piu-potente-di-napoli |title=Camorra, dopo l'arresto di Marco Di Lauro i Contini sono il clan più potente di Napoli |newspaper=Fanpage.it |language=it |date=5 March 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321162714/https://napoli.fanpage.it/camorra-dopo-larresto-di-marco-di-lauro-i-contini-sono-il-clan-piu-potente-di-napoli/ |archive-date=21 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 23 April 2019, the powerful boss [[Mario Fabbrocino]], leader of the Fabbrocino clan, died in the hospital of the Parma prison, where he was serving a life sentence for ordering the murder of Roberto Cutolo, [[Raffaele Cutolo]]'s only son, in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/camorra_morto_fabbrocino_boss_mondi-4447395.html |title=Camorra: morto Fabbrocino, il boss rivale storico di Cutolo |date=23 April 2019 |website=Il Mattino |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423191728/https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/camorra_morto_fabbrocino_boss_mondi-4447395.html |archive-date=23 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was known as the ''boss dei due mondi'' (boss of two worlds) due to his drug trafficking connections in South America.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazzettadiparma.it/news/parma/584785/morto-a-parma-mario-fabbrocino-il-boss-dei-due-mondi-rivale-storico-di-cutolo.html|title=Morto a Parma Mario Fabbrocino, il boss dei due mondi, rivale storico di Cutolo|website=www.gazzettadiparma.it|access-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423222836/https://www.gazzettadiparma.it/news/parma/584785/morto-a-parma-mario-fabbrocino-il-boss-dei-due-mondi-rivale-storico-di-cutolo.html|archive-date=23 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since 26 June 2019, [[Maria Licciardi]] was considered the most wanted fugitive belonging to the Camorra, after she managed to escape the huge police operation against her clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/caccia-aperta-a-maria-licciardi-a-piccerell-avvisata-prima-della-fugatiene-tutto-in-mano-lei/|title=Caccia aperta a Maria Licciardi, 'a piccerell avvisata prima della fuga:"Tiene tutto in mano lei"|date=28 June 2019|publisher=InterNapoli.it|access-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629040432/https://internapoli.it/caccia-aperta-a-maria-licciardi-a-piccerell-avvisata-prima-della-fugatiene-tutto-in-mano-lei/|archive-date=29 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, on 12 July 2019, the Court of Naples annulled the preventive detention against Licciardi, sharing the legal questions raised by her lawyer, Dario Vannetiello.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/maria-licciardi-libera-ordinanza/|title=Annullata l'ordinanza di custodia cautelare, Maria Licciardi è libera|date=12 July 2019|publisher=Stylo24.it|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713042445/https://www.stylo24.it/cronaca/maria-licciardi-libera-ordinanza/|archive-date=13 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was arrested again at Rome's Ciampino airport by Carabinieri on the orders of Naples prosecutors, alleged to have been running extortion rackets as head of the Licciardi Camorra clan, on 7 August 2021 when attempting to travel to Spain.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Reputed mafia 'godmother' arrested at Rome airport |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 August 2021 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/07/reputed-mafia-godmother-luciana-licciardi-arrested-at-rome-airport}}</ref>
 
On 11 July 2019, Anna Terracciano, known as ''‘a Masculona'', boss of the Terracciano clan, died after suffering from an unknown illness. Terraciano had taken control of the clan after the death of her brother Salvatore, known as ''‘o Nirone'', in 2016. She has always been very feared and respected for her impetuous nature. According to the media, she is the figure that has well represented the image of the women inside the Camorra, the female symbol of leadership when men are detained or dead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vocedinapoli.it/2019/07/11/e-morta-anna-terraciano-la-donna-boss-dei-quartieri-spagnoli|title=È morta Anna Terraciano, la donna-boss dei Quartieri Spagnoli|date=11 July 2019|publisher=Vocedinapoli.it|access-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711174918/https://www.vocedinapoli.it/2019/07/11/e-morta-anna-terraciano-la-donna-boss-dei-quartieri-spagnoli/|archive-date=11 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to the reports of the DIA about the Camorra, the [[Mazzarella clan]], despite the bloody war against the [[Rinaldi clan]], is still one of the most powerful organizations in [[Campania]], dominating the territory in various neighbourhoods, and having numerous groups under their influence, as the Ferraiuolo clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campaniacrimenews.com/2019/07/camorra-la-relazione-della-dia-sui-clan-di-napoli-i-mazzarella-su-mezza-citta-ecco-chi-comanda-quartiere-per-quartiere/|title=Camorra, la relazione della Dia sui clan di Napoli: i Mazzarella su mezza città. Ecco chi comanda quartiere per quartiere|date=19 July 2019|publisher=campaniacrimenews.com|access-date=19 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195006/https://www.campaniacrimenews.com/2019/07/camorra-la-relazione-della-dia-sui-clan-di-napoli-i-mazzarella-su-mezza-citta-ecco-chi-comanda-quartiere-per-quartiere/|archive-date=19 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After a time inactive, the [[De Luca Bossa clan]] is believed to be gaining power again in the eastern area of Naples, specifically in [[Ponticelli]], thanks to the merger with emergent groups as the Minichini and Schisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.napolitan.it/2019/07/23/89944/relazione-dia/|title=Camorra, La Relazione Della Dia: Il Punto Della Situazione a Ponticelli-Barra-San Giovanni|date=23 July 2019|publisher=napolitan.it|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723152121/https://www.napolitan.it/2019/07/23/89944/relazione-dia/|archive-date=23 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The clan was founded by Antonio De Luca Bossa, known as ''‘O sicco'', in the 1990s, and was famous for the bloody war against the once powerful Sarno clan. In 1998, ''‘O sicco'' made the first attack with a car bomb in the Camorra's history, killing Luigi Amitrano, the nephew of the boss Vincenzo Sarno, the real target of the ambush.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.napolitan.it/2018/09/10/81455/luigi-amitrano/|title=Camorra Ponticelli: Alleanza Schiza-De Luca Bossa, Come Se "Tonino 'O Sicco" Non Avesse Mai Ucciso Luigi Amitrano|website=napolitan.it|access-date=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903190007/https://www.napolitan.it/2018/09/10/81455/luigi-amitrano/|archive-date=3 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Antonio's father was a member of the [[Nuova Camorra Organizzata]], and died from natural causes in 2008 after 18 years in jail.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/camorra-di-ponticelli-una-famiglia-segnata-dalla-vendetta-la-storia-dei-minichini-de-luca-bossa/|title=Camorra di Ponticelli. Una famiglia 'segnata' dalla vendetta: la storia dei Minichini-De Luca Bossa|last=Di Bitonto|first=Stefano|date=24 January 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=17 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210022953/https://internapoli.it/camorra-di-ponticelli-una-famiglia-segnata-dalla-vendetta-la-storia-dei-minichini-de-luca-bossa/|archive-date=10 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 11 September 2019, Antonino Di Lorenzo, known as ''o' lignammone'', was killed in an ambush near his house in [[Casola di Napoli]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2019/09/11/camorra-53enne-ucciso-in-un-agguato_f34f768a-8d0c-44d0-81cb-f5c950b86fc7.html|title=Camorra: 53enne ucciso in un agguato - Ultima Ora|date=11 September 2019|website=Agenzia ANSA|language=it|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912021222/http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/topnews/2019/09/11/camorra-53enne-ucciso-in-un-agguato_f34f768a-8d0c-44d0-81cb-f5c950b86fc7.html|archive-date=12 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Di Lorenzo was a notorious drug trafficker, dubbed by the media 'the king of drug trafficking in the [[Monti Lattari]] region'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Federico |first=Rosaria |date=11 September 2019 |title=Agguato di camorra a Casola: ucciso il re dei narcos dei Lattari: Antonino Di Lorenzo o' lignammone |url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/agguato-di-camorra-a-casola-ucciso-il-re-dei-narcos-dei-lattari-antonino-di-lorenzo-o-lignammone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914054054/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/agguato-di-camorra-a-casola-ucciso-il-re-dei-narcos-dei-lattari-antonino-di-lorenzo-o-lignammone/ |archive-date=14 September 2019 |access-date=12 September 2019 |website=Cronache della Campania |language=it-IT}}</ref> According to the [[Direzione Investigativa Antimafia]], he was specialized in the industrial production of marijuana, flooding the illegal drug market, supplying market squares from [[Castellammare di Stabia]] to [[Sorrento]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/antonino-di-lorenzo-boss-camorra/|title=Agguato di camorra in provincia di Napoli, boss ucciso davanti casa dai killer|date=11 September 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921170305/https://internapoli.it/antonino-di-lorenzo-boss-camorra/|archive-date=21 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> and in recent years was at the center of numerous investigations about drug trafficking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.positanonews.it/2019/09/monti-lattari-ucciso-un-agguato-lorenzo-boss-dei-narcos/3329290/|title=Monti Lattari, ucciso in un agguato Di Lorenzo il boss dei narcos - positanonews.it|date=12 September 2019|website=Positanonews|language=it|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914165628/https://www.positanonews.it/2019/09/monti-lattari-ucciso-un-agguato-lorenzo-boss-dei-narcos/3329290/|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> His murder is believed to be connected with the feud for control of vast marijuana plantations in the mountainous area of Monti Lattari. Yet, according to the investigations, the killing happened thanks to the 'permission' of the clans from Castellammare di Stabia, who have always supervised the immensely lucrative marijuana trade from the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/la-faida-per-la-gestione-delle-piantagioni-di-marijuana-dietro-lomicidio-del-boss/|title=La faida per la gestione delle piantagioni di marijuana dietro l'omicidio del boss|date=12 September 2019|website=Cronache della Campania|language=it-IT|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914020508/https://www.cronachedellacampania.it/2019/09/la-faida-per-la-gestione-delle-piantagioni-di-marijuana-dietro-lomicidio-del-boss/|archive-date=14 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 30 October 2019, the release of two affiliates belonging to the Beneduce-Longobardi clan made the media headlines after they were received with a huge party in the neighborhood of Monterusciello, [[Pozzuoli]]. Giovanni Illiano, 48, and Silvio De Luca, 41, were released after 8 years and 10 years in prison, respectively. More than a hundred of relatives and friends were waiting for them for a party with champagne, flashing nightclub lights, a large fireworks display and a concert of Anthony, a well known neomelodic singer of the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/cronaca/2019/11/03/camorristi-scarcerati-festa-piazza-con-cantanti-neomelodici_OfusIwiPi3MRna6TMFxPfJ.html|title=Camorristi scarcerati, festa di piazza con cantanti neomelodici|website=Adnkronos|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105171342/https://www.adnkronos.com/fatti/cronaca/2019/11/03/camorristi-scarcerati-festa-piazza-con-cantanti-neomelodici_OfusIwiPi3MRna6TMFxPfJ.html|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The fact, documented with photos and videos sent through social networks, caused outrage in the population, and is being investigated by the Italian Police, as it was not authorized by the Municipality of Pozzuoli or by the police.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2019/11/02/5dbddfe9fdddff352f8b4581.html|title=Un barrio de Nápoles celebra la salida de prisión de dos mafiosos con fuegos artificiales y una fiesta con discoteca y champán|date=2 November 2019|website=El Mundo|language=es|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105171338/https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2019/11/02/5dbddfe9fdddff352f8b4581.html|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/naples-feux-d-artifice-et-fiesta-pour-la-sortie-de-prison-de-deux-mafieux-03-11-2019-8185227.php|title=Naples : feux d'artifice et fiesta pour la sortie de prison de deux mafieux|date=2 November 2019|website=leparisien.fr|language=fr-FR|access-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105171338/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/naples-feux-d-artifice-et-fiesta-pour-la-sortie-de-prison-de-deux-mafieux-03-11-2019-8185227.php|archive-date=5 November 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 November 2019, [[Mallardo clan|Feliciano Mallardo]], brother of Giuseppe and [[Francesco Mallardo]], was found dead inside his car. According to the investigations, he would have suffered a heart attack.<ref name="vocedinapoli.it">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vocedinapoli.it/2019/11/21/e-morto-feliciano-mallardo-un-infarto-ha-stroncato-il-boss-di-camorra/|title=Trovato senza vita nella sua auto, è morto il boss Feliciano Mallardo|date=21 November 2019|website=Voce di Napoli|language=it-IT|access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> Feliciano, who had taken the reins of the [[Mallardo clan]] after his brothers ended up in jail, was known as ‘''o Sfregiato.''<ref name="vocedinapoli.it"/>

According to numerous 2019 reports, the most powerful clans of the Camorra are the [[Secondigliano Alliance]] and the [[Mazzarella clan]]. Both clans remain with full dominance of their territories while most of city experiences the growth of small and violent gangs headed by young guys between 17 and 25 years old.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://internapoli.it/alleanza-di-secondigliano-e-mazzarella-i-clan-piu-attenzionati-parla-il-capo-della-procura/|title="Alleanza di Secondigliano e Mazzarella i clan più attenzionati", parla il Capo della Procura|date=25 October 2019|website=InterNapoli.it|language=it-IT|access-date=3 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203194153/https://internapoli.it/alleanza-di-secondigliano-e-mazzarella-i-clan-piu-attenzionati-parla-il-capo-della-procura/|archive-date=3 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/25/eps/1574696846_149227.html|title=Reportaje {{!}} Balas perdidas de Nápoles, los jóvenes que luchan por el poder mafioso|last=Verdú|first=Daniel|date=1 December 2019|work=El País|access-date=3 December 2019|language=es|issn=1134-6582|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203195525/https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/25/eps/1574696846_149227.html|archive-date=3 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2020, [[Patrizio Bosti]], one of the most powerful Camorra bosses who is still alive and one of the leaders of the Secondigliano Alliance, was released from prison. Bosti also claimed inhumane treatment while in prison, and will be compensated by the Italian state. The Camorra boss, that was serving a prison sentence since his arrest in Spain in 2008, should have been released from prison in 2023, however he was charged for three years and the halfway between early release and the time calculated as credit for the "inhuman treatment".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Libero Patrizio Bosti: il boss di camorra scarcerato in anticipo e con risarcimento|url=https://napoli.fanpage.it/libero-patrizio-bosti-il-boss-di-camorra-scarcerato-in-anticipo-e-con-risarcimento/|website=Napoli Fanpage|date=14 May 2020 |language=it|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="Trattamento inumano": il boss Patrizio Bosti torna a casa a Napoli con un risarcimento danni|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/boss_patrizio_bosti_scarcerato_napoli_vasto_alleanza_di_secondigliano-5225978.html|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=13 May 2020|language=it|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> On May 16, 2020, Bosti was rearrested. The new prison order concerns a recalculation of the sentence by the [[Emilia-Romagna]] judiciary, as he was serving his sentence in the region, on the basis of documents provided by the Naples Public Prosecutor. According to the authorities, Bosti has to serve another six years in jail.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Camorra: torna in cella il boss Patrizio Bosti, era stato scarcerato e risarcito per trattamento inumano|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/napoli/cronaca/patrizio_bosti_boss_carcere-5231857.html|website=www.ilmattino.it|date=16 May 2020|language=it|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Camorra: arrestato Patrizio Bosti, capo Alleanza di Secondigliano|url=http://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/articoli/Camorra-arrestato-Patrizio-Bosti-capo-Allenza-di-Secondigliano-Napoli-pena-residua-e1932d19-5138-4832-acdf-e7e2e0aa8ae8.html|website=rainews|date=16 May 2020 |language=it|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref>

In June 2022, the notorious Camorra boss [[Cosimo Di Lauro]] died in prison. Di Lauro was considered an icon of the Camorra, a ruthless criminal who has become a role model for young people for his look and the storytelling about him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chi era Cosimo Di Lauro |url=https://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/cosimo-di-lauro-storia.html |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=NapoliToday |language=it}}</ref>