Editing Breton language (section)

===Pronunciation of the Breton alphabet===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Letter !! Revised!! Kerneveg !! Leoneg !! Tregiereg !! Gwenedeg
|-
| '''A a'''
| '''A a'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ä, a, ɑː]}}
|-
| â
| â
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɑː]}}{{Ref|Pron-1}}
|-
| ae
| ae
| {{IPA|[ae̯~aj]}}
| {{IPA|[ɛa]}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[ɛː]}}
|-
| an
| agn
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɑ̃n]}}
|-
| añ
| ag
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɑ̃]}}
|-
| ao
| aw
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[ao̯~aw]}}
| {{IPA|[ɔː]}}
| {{IPA|[ao̯~aw]}}
|-
| aou
| aow
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɔʊ̯~ɔw]}}
|-
| '''B b'''
| '''B b'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[b], [p]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}
|-
| '''Ch ch'''
| '''Sh sh'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ʃ], [ʒ]}}{{Ref|Pron-4}}
|-
| '''Cʼh cʼh'''
| '''Ch ch'''
| {{IPA|[h]}},{{Ref|Pron-2}} {{IPA|[x]}}
| {{IPA|[h]}},{{Ref|Pron-2}} {{IPA|[ɣ~ɦ]}},{{Ref|Pron-19}} {{IPA|[x]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}
| {{IPA|[h]}},{{Ref|Pron-2}} {{IPA|[x]}}
| {{IPA|[h, x]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}
|-
| cʼhw
| chw
| {{IPA|[xw~f]}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[xw]}}
| {{IPA|[hw~(hɥ)]}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}
|-
| '''D d'''
| '''D d'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[d], [t]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}
|-
| '''E e'''
| '''E e'''
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[ɛ, ɛ̞, e, eː]}}{{Ref|Pron-5}}
| colspan="2" | {{IPA|[ɛ, ɛ̞, e, eː]}},{{Ref|Pron-5}} {{IPA|[ə]}}{{Ref|Pron-22}}
|-
| ê
| ê
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɛː]}}{{Ref|Pron-17}}
|-
| ei
| ei
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɛi̯~ɛj]}}
|-
| eeu
| ey
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[eø̯~ew]}}
|-
| eo
| eo
| {{IPA|[eː]}}
| {{IPA|[eɔ]}}
| {{IPA|[eː]}}
| {{IPA|[eː, ə]}}
|-
| eu
| y
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[œ, œ̞, ø, øː]}}{{Ref|Pron-5}}
|-
| eü
| eu
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɛɥ, e(v)y]}}
|-
| eue
| ye
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ø̯e~ɥe]}}
|-
| '''F f'''
| '''F f'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[f], [v]}}{{Ref|Pron-4}}
|-
| 'f
| ff
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[v~ɸ]}}
|-
| '''G g'''
| '''Q q'''
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[ɡ, k]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}
| {{IPA|[ɡ~(ɟ), k~(c)]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}
|-
| gn
| nh
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɲ]}}{{Ref|Pron-7}}
|-
| gw
| qw
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[ɡw]}}{{Ref|Pron-27}}
| {{IPA|[ɡw~(ɟɥ)]}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}
|-
| '''H h'''
| '''H h'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[h]}}{{Ref|Pron-8}}
|-
| '''I i'''
| '''I i'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[i, iː, j]}}{{Ref|Pron-9}}
|-
| ilh
| ilh
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[(i)ʎ]}}{{Ref|Pron-10}}
|-
| '''J j'''
| '''J j'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ʒ], [ʃ]}}{{Ref|Pron-3}}
|-
| '''K k'''
| '''C c'''
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[k]}}
| {{IPA|[k~(c)]}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}
|-
| '''L l'''
| '''L l'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[l]}},{{Ref|Pron-23}} {{IPA|[ɬ]}}{{Ref|Pron-11}}
|-
| '''M m'''
| '''M m'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[m]}}
|-
| '''N n'''
| '''N n'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[n]}},{{Ref|Pron-23}} {{IPA|[ŋ]}}{{Ref|Pron-12}}
|-
| ñ
| g
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[◌̃]}}
|-
| ñv
| gmf
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[◌̃v]}}
|-
| '''O o'''
| '''O o'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɔ, ɔ̞, o, oː]}}{{Ref|Pron-5}}{{Ref|Pron-24}}
|-
| oa
| oa
| {{IPA|[ɔ̯a~wa, ɔ̯ɑː~wɑː]}}
| {{IPA|[ɔ̯a~wa, ɔ̯ɑː~wɑː, ɔa, oːa]}}
| {{IPA|[ɔ̯a~wa, ɔ̯ɑː~wɑː]}}
| {{IPA|[ɔ̯ɛ~wɛ, ɔ̯eː~weː]}}
|-
| ôa
| ôa
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[oːa]}}{{Ref|Pron-18}}
|-
| oe
| oe
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɔ̯ɛ(ː)~wɛ(ː)]}}
|-
| on
| ogn
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɔ̃n]}}
|-
| oñ
| og
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɔ̃]}}
|-
| ou
| w
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[u, uː, w]}}
| {{IPA|[u, uː, w~(ɥ)]}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}{{Ref|Pron-13}}
|-
| où{{Ref|Pron-14}}
| ow
| colspan="2" |{{IPA|[u]}}
| {{IPA|[o]}}
| {{IPA|[ø, ow, aw, aɥ, ɔɥ]}}
|-
| oü
| oy
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[oy̆, oːy]}}
|-
| '''P p'''
| '''P p'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[p]}}
|-
| '''R r'''
| '''R r'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ʀ~ʁ~r~ɾ~ɹ]}},{{Ref|Pron-21}}{{Ref|Pron-23}} {{IPA|[χ~r̥~ɾ̥~ɹ̥]}}{{Ref|Pron-11}}
|-
| '''S s'''
| '''S s'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[s, z]}}
|-
| sh
| ss
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[s]}}
| {{IPA|[h]}}
|-
| sk
| sc
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[sk]}}
| {{IPA|[sk~(sc~ʃc)]}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}
|-
| st
| st
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[st]}}
| {{IPA|[ʃt]}}
|-
| '''T t'''
| '''T t'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[t]}}
|-
| '''U u'''
| '''U u'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[y, yː, ɥ]}}{{Ref|Pron-28}}
|-
| ui
| ui
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[ɥi, ɥiː]}}
|-
| ul, un, ur{{Ref|Pron-29}}
| yl, yn, yr{{Ref|Pron-29}}
| {{IPA|[ɔl, ɔn, ɔʀ]}}
| {{IPA|[œl, œn, œr]}}
| {{IPA|[œl, œn, œɾ]}}
| {{IPA|[yl, yn, yʁ]}}
|-
| '''V v'''
| '''V v'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[v]}}{{Ref|Pron-15}}
|-
| vh
| ph
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[f]}}
|-
| '''W w'''
| '''W w'''
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[w]}}{{Ref|Pron-25}}
| {{IPA|[w~(ɥ)]}}{{Ref|Pron-6}}
|-
| '''Y y'''
| '''I i'''
| colspan="4" | {{IPA|[j]}}
|-
| '''Z z'''
| '''Z z'''
| {{IPA|[z]}}, Ø,{{Ref|Pron-16}} {{IPA|[s]}}{{Ref|Pron-20}}
| {{IPA|[z, ʒ/ʃ]}}{{Ref|Pron-26}}{{Ref|Pron-20}}
| {{IPA|[z]}}, Ø{{Ref|Pron-16}}{{Ref|Pron-20}}
| {{IPA|[z]}}, Ø,{{Ref|Pron-16}} {{IPA|[ð]}}{{Ref|Pron-30}}
|-
| zh
| th
| colspan="3" | {{IPA|[z]}}{{Ref|Pron-16}}
| {{IPA|[h]}}{{Ref|Pron-16}}
|}

'''Notes:'''
# {{Note|Pron-1}} Vocative particle: {{lang|br|â Vreizh}} / {{lang|br|â Vreith}} "O Brittany".
# {{Note|Pron-2}} Word-initially.
# {{Note|Pron-3}} Word-finally.
# {{Note|Pron-4}} Unwritten lenition of {{vr|ch, cʼh, f, s}} and spirantization of {{vr|p}} > {{vr|f}} {{IPA|[v]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-5}} Unstressed {{vr|e, eu, o}} represent {{IPA|[ɛ, œ, ɔ]}} in Leoneg but {{IPA|[e, ø, o]}} in the other dialects. The realisations {{IPA|[ɛ̞, œ̞, ɔ̞]}} appear mainly before {{vr|rr}} (also less often before {{vr|cʼh}}), semivowels {{IPA|[j, w]}}, consonant clusters beginning with {{vr|r}} or {{vr|l}}. Stressed long {{vr|e, eu, o}} represent {{IPA|[eː, øː, oː]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-6}} In Gwenedeg velars are palatalized before {{vr|e}} and {{vr|i}}, i.e. {{vr|k}}, {{vr|g}}, {{vr|kw/kou}}, {{vr|cʼhw/cʼhou}}, {{vr|gw/gou}}, {{vr|w/ou}}, {{vr|sk}} represent {{IPA|[c~tʃ, ɟ~dʒ, cɥ, hɥ, ɟɥ, ɥ, sc~ʃc]}}. In the case of word-final {{vr|g}} and {{vr|k}} palatalization to {{IPA|[c]}} also occurs after {{vr|i}}.
# {{Note|Pron-7}} Before a vowel other than {{vr|i}} the digraph {{vr|ni}} is written instead of {{vr|gn}}, e.g. {{lang|br|bleniañ}} "to drive", radical {{lang|br|blegn}}, 1PS preterite {{lang|br|blegnis}}, 3PS preterite {{lang|br|blenias}}.
# {{Note|Pron-8}} Silent in words such as {{lang|br|'''h'''a(g)}}, {{lang|br|'''h'''e(cʼh)}}, {{lang|br|'''h'''o(cʼh)}}, {{lang|br|'''h'''oll}}, {{lang|br|'''h'''on}}, {{lang|br|'''h'''or}} and {{lang|br|'''h'''ol}}. Always silent in Gwenedeg and Leoneg.
# {{Note|Pron-9}} {{vr|i}} is realized as {{IPA|[j]}} when it precedes or follows a vowel (or when between vowels), but in words such as {{lang|br|l'''i'''en}}, {{lang|br|l'''i'''orzh}}, {{lang|br|rakd'''i'''azezañ}} it represents {{IPA|[iː]}} (in orthography {{vr|ï}} may be used: {{lang|br|lïen}}, {{lang|br|lïorzh}}, {{lang|br|rakdïazezañ}}).
# {{Note|Pron-10}} {{vr|ilh}} represents {{IPA|[ʎ]}} when it follows a vowel, after a consonant it represents {{IPA|[iʎ]}}. But before a vowel other than {{vr|i}}, {{vr|li}} is written instead of {{vr|ilh}}, e.g. {{lang|br|heuliañ}} "to follow", radical {{lang|br|heuilh}}, 1PS preterite {{lang|br|heuilhis}}, 3PS preterite {{lang|br|heulias}}. In some regions {{IPA|[j]}} may be heard instead of {{IPA|[ʎ]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-11}} Word-finally after a cluster of unvoiced consonants.
# {{Note|Pron-12}} In front of {{vr|k, g}}.
# {{Note|Pron-13}} The digraph {{vr|ou}} is realized like {{vr|w}} when preceded or followed by a vowel (or when between vowels), but in words such as {{lang|br|Doue}}, {{lang|br|douar}}, {{lang|br|gouarn}} it represents {{IPA|[uː]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-14}} The digraph {{vr|où}} represents plural endings. Its pronunciation varies by dialect: {{IPA|[u, o, ø, ow, aw, aɥ, ɔɥ]}} rating geographically from Northwest Leon to Southeast Gwened.
# {{Note|Pron-15}} {{vr|v}} usually represents {{IPA|[v]}}, but word-finally (except in word-final {{vr|ñv}}) it represents {{IPA|[w]}} in KLT, {{IPA|[ɥ]}} in Gwenedeg and {{IPA|[f]}} in Goëlo. The pronunciation {{IPA|[v]}} is retained word-finally in verbs. In words {{lang|br|bli'''v'''}}, {{lang|br|Gwiskri'''v'''}}, {{lang|br|gwi'''v'''}}, {{lang|br|li'''v'''}}, {{lang|br|pi'''v'''}}, {{lang|br|ri'''v'''}} it represents {{IPA|[u]}} in KLT, {{IPA|[ɥ]}} in Gwenedeg and {{IPA|[f]}} in Goëlo. Word-finally following {{vr|r, l, n, z}} it represents {{IPA|[o]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-16}} But silent in words such as {{lang|br|goue'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|bloa'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|goa'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|ru'''z'''iañ}}, {{lang|br|klei'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|rakdïaze'''z'''añ}}, {{lang|br|be'''z'''añ}}, {{lang|br|Roa'''zh'''on}}, {{lang|br|de'''zh'''añ}}, {{lang|br|koue'''zh'''añ}}, '{{lang|br|'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|a'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|e'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|da'}}{{lang|br|'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|gwirione'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|enep(g)wirione'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|monei'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|falsvonei'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|karante'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|kengarante'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|neve'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|neve'''z'''cʼhanet}}, {{lang|br|nado'''z'''ioù}}, {{lang|br|abardae'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|gwe'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|bemde'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|kri'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|blei'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|morvlei'''z'''}}, {{lang|br|de'''zh'''i}}. {{vr|z}} is generally silent in Kerneweg, Tregerieg and Gwenedeg, but in Leoneg {{vr|z(h)}} is always pronounced.
# {{Note|Pron-17}} Used to distinguish words such as {{lang|br|stêr}} "river", {{lang|br|hêr}} "heir", {{lang|br|kêr}} "town" (also written {{lang|br|kaer}}) from {{lang|br|ster}} "sense", {{lang|br|her}} "bold", {{lang|br|ker}} "dear".
# {{Note|Pron-18}} Used to distinguish {{lang|br|trôad}} "circuit/tour" from {{lang|br|troad}} "foot".
# {{Note|Pron-19}} In northern dialects (mainly in Leoneg), there is a tendency to voice {{vr|cʼh}} between vowels. {{IPA|[ɣ]}} also appears as the lenition of {{vr|g, cʼh}} and mixed mutation of {{vr|g}}.
# {{Note|Pron-20}} The lenition of {{vr|d}} and the spirantization of {{vr|t}} are both represented by {{vr|z}} is mainly pronounced {{IPA|[z]}} although in certain regions {{IPA|[s]}} (especially for the spirantization of {{vr|t}} in Cornouaille) and {{IPA|[ð]}} (in some Haut-Vannetais varieties){{Ref|Pron-31|31}} also occur.
# {{Note|Pron-21}} The pronunciation of {{vr|r}} varies by dialect, nowadays uvular {{IPA|[ʀ]}} (or {{IPA|[ʁ]}}) is standard; {{IPA|[r]}} occurs in Leoneg, {{IPA|[ɾ]}} or {{IPA|[ɹ]}} in Tregerieg, and {{IPA|[ʀ], [ʁ], [r], and [ɾ]}} in Gwenedeg.
# {{Note|Pron-22}} In Gwenedeg an unstressed {{vr|e}} often represents {{IPA|[ə]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-23}} Lenited varieties of {{vr|r, l, n}} may appear word-initially in case of soft mutation.
# {{Note|Pron-24}} In Leoneg {{IPA|[u(ː)]}} in front of a nasal.
# {{Note|Pron-25}} In Leoneg {{vr|w}} represents {{IPA|[v]}} before {{vr|e, i}}.
# {{Note|Pron-26}} In Leoneg {{vr|z(h)}} represents {{IPA|[ʃ]}} or {{IPA|[ʒ]}} before {{vr|i}}.
# {{Note|Pron-27}} In Leoneg {{vr|gwr}} represents {{IPA|[ɡr]}}.
# {{Note|Pron-28}} Before a vowel.
# {{Note|Pron-29}} Forms of the indefinite article.
# {{Note|Pron-30}} A conservative realisation of the initial mutation of {{vr|d}} and {{vr|t}}, used in certain parts of the Vannes country.