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== History == The first anticonvulsant was [[bromide]], suggested in 1857 by the British gynecologist [[Charles Locock]] who used it to treat women with "hysterical epilepsy" (probably ''[[catamenial epilepsy]]''). Bromides are effective against epilepsy, and also cause [[Erectile dysfunction|impotence]], which is not related to its anti-epileptic effects. Bromide also suffered from the way it affected behaviour, introducing the idea of the "epileptic personality" which was actually a result of medication. [[Phenobarbital]] was first used in 1912 for both its sedative and antiepileptic properties. By the 1930s, the development of animal models in epilepsy research led to the development of [[phenytoin]] by [[Tracy Putnam]] and [[H. Houston Merritt]], which had the distinct advantage of treating epileptic seizures with less sedation.<ref name="g470">{{cite book | last1=Eadie | first1=M.J. | last2=Bladin | first2=P.F. | title=A Disease Once Sacred: A History of the Medical Understanding of Epilepsy | publisher=John Libbey | year=2001 | isbn=978-0-86196-607-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhNW0AJPAzgC | access-date=2024-06-29 | page=}}</ref> By the 1970s, a [[National Institutes of Health]] initiative, the Anticonvulsant Screening Program, headed by J. Kiffin Penry, served as a mechanism for drawing the interest and abilities of pharmaceutical companies in the development of new anticonvulsant medications. === Marketing approval history === The following table lists anticonvulsant drugs together with the date their marketing was approved in the US, UK and France. Data for the UK and France are incomplete. The [[European Medicines Agency]] approves drugs throughout the European Union. Some of the drugs are no longer marketed. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Drug!!Brand!!US!!UK!!France |- |[[acetazolamide]] |Diamox |<span style="display:none">1953-07-27</span>27 July 1953<ref name="NDA 008943">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 008943 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008943 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019225210/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008943 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1988<ref name="EpilepsyAction">[http://www.epilepsy.org.uk/info/drugslist.html Epilepsy Action: Druglist.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301212357/http://www.epilepsy.org.uk/info/drugslist.html |date=1 March 2011 }} Retrieved on 1 November 2007.</ref> | |- |[[brivaracetam]] |Briviact |<span style="display:none">2016-02-18</span>18 February 2016<ref name="NDA 205836">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 205836 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=205836 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019081700/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=205836 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Briviact (brivaracetam) | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=30 March 2016 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/205836-205837-205838-Briviact-TOC.cfm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122035432/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2016/205836-205837-205838-Briviact-TOC.cfm | archive-date=22 November 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> | | |- |[[carbamazepine]] |Tegretol |<span style="display:none">1974-07-15</span>15 July 1974<ref name="NDA 016608">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 016608 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=016608 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019045718/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=016608 | url-status=live }} (Initial approval on 11 March 1968 was for trigeminal neuralgia.)</ref><ref name="Tegretol1978WJM">{{cite journal | last = Schain | first = Richard J. |date=1 March 1978| title = Pediatrics—Epitomes of Progress: Carbamazepine (Tegretol) in the Treatment of Epilepsy | journal = Western Journal of Medicine | volume = 128 | issue = 3 | pages = 231–232 | pmid = 18748164 | pmc = 1238063 }}</ref> |1965<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> |1963<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999">{{cite journal | last = Loiseau | first = Pierre Jean-Marie |date=June 1999 | title = Clinical Experience with New Antiepileptic Drugs: Antiepileptic Drugs in Europe |journal = [[Epilepsia (journal)|Epilepsia]] | volume = 40 | issue = Suppl 6 | pages = S3–8 | doi = 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00925.x | pmid = 10530675 | s2cid = 29638422 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |- |[[cenobamate]] |Xcopri ||<span style="display:none">2019-11-21</span>21 November 2019 | | |- |[[clobazam]] |Onfi/Frisium |<span style="display:none">2011-10-21</span>21 October 2011<ref name="NDA 202067">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 202067 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=202067 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=28 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028081126/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=202067 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Onfi NDA #202067 | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=20 August 2013 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2011/202067Orig1s000TOC.cfm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122035714/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2011/202067Orig1s000TOC.cfm | archive-date=22 November 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> |1979<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> | |- |[[clonazepam]] |Klonopin/Rivotril |<span style="display:none">1975-06-04</span>4 June 1975<ref name="NDA 017533">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 017533 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=017533 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020082915/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=017533 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1974<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> | |- |[[diazepam]] |Valium |<span style="display:none">1963-11-15</span>15 November 1963<ref name="NDA 013263">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 013263 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=013263 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019195427/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=013263 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[divalproex sodium]] |Depakote |<span style="display:none">1983-03-10</span>10 March 1983<ref name="NDA 018723">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 018723 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=018723 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019160555/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=018723 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[eslicarbazepine]] |Aptiom |<span style="display:none">2013-08-11</span>11 August 2013<ref name="NDA 022416">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 022416 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022416 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020134600/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022416 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Brand Name (Generic Name) NDA # | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=20 December 2013 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/022416Orig1s000TOC.cfm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122040059/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/022416Orig1s000TOC.cfm | archive-date=22 November 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> | | |- |[[ethosuximide]] |Zarontin |<span style="display:none">1960-11-02</span>2 November 1960<ref name="NDA 012380">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 012380 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=012380 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=30 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130231459/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=012380 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1955<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> |1962<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[ethotoin]] |Peganone |<span style="display:none">1957-04-22</span>22 April 1957<ref name="NDA 010841">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 010841 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=010841 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019095022/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=010841 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[everolimus]] |Afinitor/Votubia |<span style="display:none">2009-03-30</span>30 January 2009<ref name="NDA 022334">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 022334 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022334 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=31 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031140036/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022334 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[felbamate]] |Felbatol |<span style="display:none">1993-07-29</span>29 July 1993<ref name="NDA 020189">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020189 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020189 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=21 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021172553/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020189 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[fosphenytoin]] |Cerebyx |<span style="display:none">1996-08-05</span>5 August 1996<ref name="NDA 020450">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020450 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020450 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020182045/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020450 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[gabapentin]] |Neurontin |<span style="display:none">1993-12-30</span>30 December 1993<ref name="NDA 020235">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020235 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020235 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019005440/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020235 | url-status=live }}</ref> |<span style="display:none">1993-05</span>May 1993<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/><ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |<span style="display:none">1994-10</span>October 1994<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[lacosamide]] |Vimpat |<span style="display:none">2008-10-28</span>28 October 2008<ref name="NDA 022253">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 022253 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022253 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020110027/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=022253 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[lamotrigine]] |Lamictal |<span style="display:none">1994-12-27</span>27 December 1994<ref name="NDA 020241">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020241 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020241 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=24 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024035351/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020241 | url-status=live }}</ref> |<span style="display:none">1991-10</span>October 1991<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/><ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |<span style="display:none">1995-05</span>May 1995<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[levetiracetam]] |Keppra |<span style="display:none">1999-11-30</span>30 November 1999<ref name="NDA 021035">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 021035 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021035 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=21 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021171049/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021035 | url-status=live }}</ref> |<span style="display:none">2000-09-29</span>29 September 2000<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/><ref name="keppra">[http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/keppra/keppra.htm EPAR: Keppra.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619081026/http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/keppra/keppra.htm |date=19 June 2009 }} Retrieved on 1 November 2007.</ref> |<span style="display:none">2000-09-29</span>29 September 2000<ref name="keppra"/> |- |[[mephenytoin]] |Mesantoin |<span style="display:none">1946-10-23</span>23 October 1946<ref name="NDA 006008">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 006008 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=006008 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020185537/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=006008 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[metharbital]] |Gemonil |1952<ref name="NDA 008322">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 008322 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008322 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019003157/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008322 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="renamed_from_0632060468_on_20081125071809">{{cite book |author1=Dodson, W. Edwin |author2=Giuliano Avanzini |author3=Shorvon, Simon D. |author4=Fish, David R. |author5=Emilio Perucca |title=The treatment of epilepsy |publisher=Blackwell Science |location=Oxford |year=2004 |page=xxviii |isbn=978-0-632-06046-7 |no-pp=true}}</ref> | | |- |[[methsuximide]] |Celontin |<span style="display:none">1957-02-08</span>8 February 1957<ref name="NDA 010596">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 010596 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=010596 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019111530/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=010596 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[methazolamide]] |Neptazane |<span style="display:none">1959-01-26</span>26 January 1959<ref name="NDA 011721">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 011721 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011721 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019013706/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=011721 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[oxcarbazepine]] |Trileptal |<span style="display:none">2000-01-14</span>14 January 2000<ref name="NDA 021014">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 021014 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021014 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019225416/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |2000<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> | |- |[[phenobarbital]] |Luminal |Unknown |1912<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> |1920<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[phenytoin]] |Dilantin/Epanutin |1938<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/><ref name="NDA 008762">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 008762 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008762 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=16 December 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216113543/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008762 | url-status=live }} (Marketed in 1938, approved 1953)</ref> |1938<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> |1941<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[piracetam]] |Nootropil |never approved | | |- |[[phensuximide]] |Milontin |1953<ref name="NDA 008855">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 008855 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008855 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=26 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726070022/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=008855 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="isbn0824785495">{{cite book |author1=Kutt, Henn |author2=Resor, Stanley R. |title=The Medical treatment of epilepsy |publisher=Dekker |location=New York |year=1992 |page=385 |isbn=978-0-8247-8549-9}} (first usage)</ref> | | |- |[[pregabalin]] |Lyrica |<span style="display:none">2004-12-30</span>30 December 2004<ref name="NDA 021446">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 021446 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021446 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020014353/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021446 | url-status=live }}</ref> |<span style="display:none">2004-07-06</span>6 July 2004<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/><ref name="lyrica">[http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/lyrica/lyrica.htm EPAR: Lyrica] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621214027/http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/lyrica/lyrica.htm |date=21 June 2009 }} Retrieved on 1 November 2007.</ref> |<span style="display:none">2004-07-06</span>6 July 2004<ref name="lyrica"/> |- |[[primidone]] |Mysoline |<span style="display:none">1954-03-08</span>8 March 1954<ref name="NDA 009170">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 009170 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=009170 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=24 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024040212/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=009170 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1952<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> |1953<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[rufinamide]] |Banzel/Inovelon |<span style="display:none">2008-11-14</span>14 November 2008<ref name="NDA 021911">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 021911 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021911 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019205652/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=021911 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Banzel (Rufinamide) NDA #021911 | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=30 May 2012 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/021911s000_TOC.cfm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122035150/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/021911s000_TOC.cfm | archive-date=22 November 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> | | |- |[[sodium valproate]] |Epilim |Unknown |<span style="display:none">1977-12</span>December 1977<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |<span style="display:none">1967-06</span>June 1967<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[stiripentol]] |Diacomit |<span style="display:none">2018-08-20</span>20 August 2018<ref name="NDA 206709">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 206709 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=206709 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=26 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726052816/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=206709 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Diacomit (stiripentol) | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=7 September 2018 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2018/206709Orig1s000,207223Orig1s000TOC.cfm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122034549/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2018/206709Orig1s000,207223Orig1s000TOC.cfm | archive-date=22 November 2019 | url-status=live | access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> |<span style="display:none">2007-01</span>January 2007<ref name="Diacomit EPAR" /> |<span style="display:none">2007-01</span>January 2007<ref name="Diacomit EPAR" /> |- |[[tiagabine]] |Gabitril |<span style="display:none">1997-09-30</span>30 September 1997<ref name="NDA 020646">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020646 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020646 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=16 December 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216113439/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020646 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DrugPatentWatch NDA020646">{{cite web|title=NDA: 020646|url=http://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/NDA/020646|publisher=DrugPatentWatch|access-date=19 May 2013|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323210249/https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/NDA/020646|url-status=live}}</ref> |1998<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> |<span style="display:none">1997-11</span>November 1997<ref name="Loiseau_et_al_1999"/> |- |[[topiramate]] |Topamax |<span style="display:none">1996-12-24</span>24 December 1996<ref name="NDA 020505">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020505 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020505 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019065027/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020505 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1995<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> | |- |[[trimethadione]] |Tridione |<span style="display:none">1946-01-25</span>25 January 1946<ref name="NDA 005856">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 005856 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=005856 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019034259/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=005856 | url-status=live }}</ref> | | |- |[[valproic acid]] |Depakene/Convulex |<span style="display:none">1978-02-28</span>28 February 1978<ref name="NDA 018081">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 018081 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=018081 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019082528/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=018081 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1993<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> | |- |[[vigabatrin]] |Sabril |<span style="display:none">2009-08-21</span>21 August 2009<ref name="NDA 020427">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020427 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020427 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=20 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020072637/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020427 | url-status=live }}</ref> |1989<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/> | |- |[[zonisamide]] |Zonegran |<span style="display:none">2000-03-27</span>27 March 2000<ref name="NDA 020789">{{cite web | title=New Drug Application (NDA) 020789 | publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | work=Drugs@FDA | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020789 | access-date=21 November 2019 | archive-date=19 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019044822/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=020789 | url-status=live }}</ref> |<span style="display:none">2005-03-10</span>10 March 2005<ref name="EpilepsyAction"/><ref name="zonegran">[http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/zonegran/zonegran.htm EPAR: Zonegran.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713160256/http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/zonegran/zonegran.htm |date=13 July 2009 }} Retrieved on 1 November 2007</ref> |<span style="display:none">2005-03-10</span>10 March 2005<ref name="zonegran"/> |}
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