Editing Antiandrogen (section)

====Corticosteroid-binding globulin modulators====
[[Estrogen (medication)|Estrogens]] at high doses can partially suppress adrenal androgen production.<ref name="Oettel1999">{{cite book | vauthors = Oettel M | title=Estrogens and Antiestrogens II | series=Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology | chapter=Estrogens and Antiestrogens in the Male | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | year=1999 | volume=135 / 2 | issn=0171-2004 | doi=10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_25 | pages=505–571| isbn=978-3-642-64261-6 }}</ref><ref name="MargiorisChrousos2001">{{cite book| vauthors = Margioris AN, Chrousos GP |title=Adrenal Disorders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XB73BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|date=20 April 2001|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-101-5|pages=84–}}</ref><ref name="pmid7586614">{{cite journal | vauthors = Polderman KH, Gooren LJ, van der Veen EA | title = Effects of gonadal androgens and oestrogens on adrenal androgen levels | journal = Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) | volume = 43 | issue = 4 | pages = 415–21 | date = October 1995 | pmid = 7586614 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02611.x  | s2cid = 6815423 }}</ref><ref name="pmid2958420">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stege R, Eriksson A, Henriksson P, Carlström K | title = Orchidectomy or oestrogen treatment in prostatic cancer: effects on serum levels of adrenal androgens and related steroids | journal = Int. J. Androl. | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 581–7 | date = August 1987 | pmid = 2958420 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1987.tb00357.x | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid2734983">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pousette A, Carlström K, Stege R | title = Androgens during different modes of endocrine treatment of prostatic cancer | journal = Urol. Res. | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 95–8 | date = 1989 | pmid = 2734983 | doi = 10.1007/BF00262027 | s2cid = 25309877 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7500443">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cox RL, Crawford ED | title = Estrogens in the treatment of prostate cancer | journal = J. Urol. | volume = 154 | issue = 6 | pages = 1991–8 | date = December 1995 | pmid = 7500443 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)66670-9 }}</ref> A study found that treatment with a high-dose [[ethinylestradiol]] (100&nbsp;μg/day) reduced levels of major circulating [[adrenal androgen]]s by 27 to 48% in [[transgender women]].<ref name="Oettel1999" /><ref name="MargiorisChrousos2001" /><ref name="pmid7586614" /> Decreased adrenal androgens with estrogens is apparent with [[oral administration|oral]] and [[synthetic compound|synthetic]] estrogens like [[ethinylestradiol]] and [[estramustine phosphate]] but is minimal with [[parenteral administration|parenteral]] [[bioidentical]] [[estradiol (medication)|estradiol]] forms like [[polyestradiol phosphate]].<ref name="pmid2734983" /> It is thought to be mediated via a [[liver|hepatic]] mechanism, probably increased [[corticosteroid-binding globulin]] (CBG) [[biosynthesis|production]] and levels and compensatory changes in adrenal steroid production (e.g., shunting of adrenal androgen synthesis to [[cortisol]] production).<ref name="pmid2734983" /><ref name="pmid7500443" /> It is notable in this regard that oral and synthetic estrogens, due to the oral [[first pass effect|first pass]] and resistance to hepatic [[metabolism]], have much stronger influences on [[liver protein synthesis]] than parenteral estradiol.<ref name="pmid2664738">{{cite journal | vauthors = von Schoultz B, Carlström K, Collste L, Eriksson A, Henriksson P, Pousette A, Stege R | title = Estrogen therapy and liver function--metabolic effects of oral and parenteral administration | journal = Prostate | volume = 14 | issue = 4 | pages = 389–95 | date = 1989 | pmid = 2664738 | doi = 10.1002/pros.2990140410 | s2cid = 21510744 | url = }}</ref> The decrease in adrenal androgen levels with high-dose estrogen therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of [[prostate cancer]].<ref name="pmid7586614" /><ref name="pmid7500443" />