Editing Andalusia (section)

====Agriculture, husbandry, hunting, and forestry====
[[File:Aceites DOP Andalucía.svg|thumb|325px|[[Protected Geographical Status|Denominations of origin]] of [[olive oil]] in Andalusia]]

For many centuries, agriculture dominated Andalusian society, and, with 44.3 percent of its territory cultivated and 8.4 percent of its workforce in agriculture as of 2016 it remains an integral part of Andalusia's economy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bioeconomiaandalucia.es/documents/1056091/1056684/IRA+Andalusia/d55a2a1a-98f3-419e-845a-d2ce5c88ea75?version=1.0#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A18%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C70.9%2C740%2C0%5D |title=Andalusia as a model demonstrator region |last=CIRCE and CEFIC Consultants and Bioeconomía en Andalucía |date=September 2016 |access-date=10 July 2019 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726015054/http://www.bioeconomiaandalucia.es/documents/1056091/1056684/IRA+Andalusia/d55a2a1a-98f3-419e-845a-d2ce5c88ea75?version=1.0#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A18%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C70.9%2C740%2C0%5D |url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- citation is vague --> However, its importance is declining, like the primary and secondary sectors generally, as the service sector is increasingly taking over.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/export/drupaljda/Macromagnitudes_maestra_abril_2015_INGLES_V02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/export/drupaljda/Macromagnitudes_maestra_abril_2015_INGLES_V02.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title=The Agricultural and Fisheries sector in Andalusia |last=Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo RuralSecretaría General de Agricultura y Alimentación |date=April 2015 |access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> The primary cultivation is dryland farming of [[cereal]]s and [[sunflower]]s without artificial [[irrigation]], especially in the vast countryside of the Guadalquivir valley and the high plains of Granada and Almería-with a considerably lesser and more geographically focused cultivation of [[barley]] and [[avena|oats]]. Using irrigation, [[maize]], [[cotton]] and [[rice]] are also grown on the banks of the Guadalquivir and [[Genil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/web/Bloques_Tematicos/Publicaciones_Divulgacion_Y_Noticias/Documentos_Tecnicos/Recursos_naturales/PDFs/144_197.pdf |title=Recursos de la agricultura: Recursos naturales de Andalucía. |access-date=7 October 2008 |author=Consejería de Medio Ambiente |language=es}}</ref>
[[File:Olive orchards Córdoba.jpg|thumb|Olive orchards in province of Córdoba.]]
The most important tree crops are [[Olea europaea|olives]], especially in the Subbetic regions of the provinces of Córdoba and Jáen, where irrigated olive orchards constitute a large component of agricultural output.<ref>Junta de Andalucía, ''[http://www.portalbesana.es/documentos/documentacion/olivarandaluz/cap5.pdf Impacto de la ayuda a la producción sobre el olivar andaluz] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419045620/http://www.portalbesana.es/documentos/documentacion/olivarandaluz/cap5.pdf |date=19 April 2009 }}'', in ''[http://www.portalbesana.es/estaticas/servicios/documentacion/elolivarandaluz.html El Olivar Andaluz] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212044331/http://www.portalbesana.es/estaticas/servicios/documentacion/elolivarandaluz.html |date=12 December 2009 }}'', Besana. Retrieved 9 October 2008.</ref> There are extensive [[vineyard]]s in various zones such as [[Jerez de la Frontera]] ([[sherry]]), [[Condado de Huelva]], [[Montilla-Moriles]] and [[Malaga (wine)|Málaga]]. Fruits—mainly [[citrus]] fruits—are grown near the banks of the Guadalquivir; [[almond]]s, which require far less water, are grown on the high plains of Granada and Almería.<ref>{{cite book |author=Naranjo, J. |chapter=Cultivos y aprovechamientos en Andalucía |title=Geografía de Andalucía (Coor. López Antonio) |year=2003 |publisher=Ariel Geografía |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-344-3476-8 |language=es}}</ref>

In monetary terms, by far the most productive and competitive agriculture in Andalusia is the intensive forced cultivation of strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and other fruits grown under hothouse conditions under clear plastic, often in sandy zones, on the coasts, in Almería and Huelva.<ref>{{cite book |author=García, A. |chapter=La agricultura litorial |title=Geografía de Andalucía (Coor. López Antonio) |year=2003 |publisher=Ariel Geografía |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-344-3476-8 |language=es}}</ref>

[[File:Dehesa Boyal. Bollullos Par del Condado (Huelva).jpg|thumb|''Dehesa Boyal'' (meadow for grazing animals), [[Bollullos Par del Condado]], [[Huelva]].]]
[[File:Adra 1.jpg|thumb|The town of Adra is surrounded by [[greenhouses]].]]

[[Organic farming]] has recently undergone rapid expansion in Andalusia, mainly for export to European markets but with increasing demand developing in Spain.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Empresa Pública Desarrollo Agrario y Pesquero, Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucía. |title=II PLAN ANDALUZ DE AGRICULTURA ECOLÓGICA (2007–2013) |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/portal/www/portal/PDF_Directos/libro_plan_ae.pdf |access-date=18 October 2008 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824001100/http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/portal/www/portal/PDF_Directos/libro_plan_ae.pdf |archive-date=24 August 2009}}</ref>

Andalusia has a long tradition of [[animal husbandry]] and [[livestock]] farming, but it is now restricted mainly to mountain meadows, where there is less pressure from other potential uses. Andalusians have a long and colourful history of [[dog breeding]] that can be observed throughout the region today. The raising of livestock now plays a semi-marginal role in the Andalusian economy, constituting only 15 percent of the primary sector, half the number for Spain taken as a whole.<ref>{{cite book |author=Silva, R. |chapter=Ganadería y sistemas ganaderos |title=Geografía de Andalucía (Coor. López Antonio) |year=2003 |publisher=Ariel Geografía |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-344-3476-8 |language=es}}</ref>

"Extensive" raising of livestock grazes the animals on natural or cultivated [[pasture]]s, whereas "intensive" raising of livestock is based in [[fodder]] rather than pasture. Although the productivity is higher than with extensive techniques, the economics are quite different. While intensive techniques now dominate in Europe and even in other regions of Spain, most of Andalusia's [[cattle]], virtually all of its [[sheep]] and [[goat]]s, and a good portion of its [[pig]]s are raised by extensive farming in mountain pastures. This includes the [[Black Iberian pig]]s that are the source of ''[[Jamón ibérico]]''. Andalusia's native sheep and goats present a great economic opportunity in a Europe where animal products are generally in strong supply, but the sheep and goat meat, milk, and leather (and the products derived from these) are relatively scarce. [[Dog]]s are bred not just as companion animals, but also as herding animals used by goat and sheep herders.

Hunting remains relatively important in Andalusia, but has largely lost its character as a means of obtaining food.
It is now more of a leisure activity linked to the mountain areas and complementary to forestry and the raising of livestock.<ref name="gancaz">{{cite book |author=López, A. |chapter=La caza en Andalucía |title=Geografía de Andalucía (Coor. López Antonio) |year=2003 |publisher=Ariel Geografía |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-344-3476-8 |language=es}}</ref> Dogs are frequently used as hunting companions to retrieve killed game.

The Andalusian [[forest]]s are important for their extent—50 percent of the territory of Andalusia—and for other less quantifiable environmental reasons, such as their value in preventing erosion, regulating the flow of water necessary for other flora and fauna. For these reasons, there is legislation in place to protect the Andalusian forests.<ref>{{cite book |author=Araque, E. |chapter=Los espacios forestales andaluces. |title=Geografía de Andalucía (Coor. López Antonio) |year=2003 |publisher=Ariel Geografía |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-344-3476-8 |language=es}}</ref> The value of forest products as such constitutes only 2 percent of agricultural production. This comes mostly from cultivated species—[[eucalyptus]] in Huelva and [[Populus|poplar]] in Granada—as well as naturally occurring [[cork oak]] in the Sierra Morena.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/web/Bloques_Tematicos/Publicaciones_Divulgacion_Y_Noticias/Documentos_Tecnicos/Recursos_naturales/PDFs/249_276.pdf |title=Recursos forestales: Recursos naturales de Andalucía. |access-date=7 October 2008 |author=Consejería de Medio Ambiente |language=es}}</ref>