Editing Alexander von Humboldt (section)

==Honours and namesakes==
The honours which had been showered on Humboldt during their life continued after his death. More species are named after Humboldt than after any other human being.<ref name="Paul-2017">{{Cite book|title=Drawdown: the most comprehensive plan ever proposed to reverse global warming|last=Paul|first=Hawken|year=2017|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1524704650|page=24|oclc=973159818|title-link=Drawdown (book)}}</ref> The first centenary of Humboldt's birth was celebrated on 14 September 1869, with great enthusiasm in both the New and Old Worlds. Numerous monuments were constructed in his honour, such as [[Humboldt Park (Chicago park)|Humboldt Park in Chicago]], planned that year and constructed shortly after the [[Great Chicago Fire|Chicago fire]]. Newly explored regions and species named after Humboldt, as discussed below, also stand as a measure of his wide fame and popularity.

"Scarcely was there a European order which Humboldt had not the right to wear", and "more than a hundred and fifty societies to which he had been elected". These included "the most celebrated Academies of the leading nations of Europe and America, and not merely those of a purely scientific character, but any which had for their object the spread of education and the advancement of civilisation." Additionally, he was at least an honorary member of academies and learned societies throughout Europe and America and "was invested with the degree of Doctor in three faculties".{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t5m903z33&view=1up&seq=398&skin=2021 382] {{LOC-general}}}}

===Honours===
* 1827 [[Honorary Doctor]] of [[University of Tartu]]<ref>https://ut.ee/et/sisu/audoktorid</ref>
* 1829: Actual Privy Counsellor, with the title of Excellency by King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]]{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=106}}
* 1842: Chancellor of the Order of Merit, an administrative position empowered to appoint, by King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]]{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=282}}
* 1842: [[Pour le Mérite]], Recipient (civil division)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lehmann|first1=Gustaf|title=Die Ritter des Ordens pour le mérite 1812–1913|year=1913|trans-title=The Knights of the Order of the Pour le Mérite|language=de|url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN135808618|page=577|volume=2|location=Berlin|publisher=[[E.S. Mittler & Sohn|Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn]]|access-date=2020-09-05|archive-date=2020-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025211450/https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN135808618|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1844: [[Order of the Red Eagle]], by King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]]{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=266}}
* 1847: [[Order of the Black Eagle]], by King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]], the highest honour that was in the royal power to confer.{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=266}}
* 1850: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]]<ref>Handelsblad (Het) 14-08-1850</ref>
* 1852: [[Copley Medal]] "For his eminent services in terrestrial physics"{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=199}}
* 1853: [[Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art]] by King [[Maximilian II of Bavaria]] "as the man who honours the order", "the hero of science in Germany".{{sfn|Bruhns|1873|p=294}}
* 1863: Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Guadalupe]]{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Species named after Humboldt===
{{more citations needed section|date=February 2015}}
Humboldt described many geographical features and species that were hitherto unknown to Europeans. Species named after him include:
* ''Spheniscus humboldti'' – [[Humboldt penguin]]<!--citation needed-->
* ''Dosidicus gigas'' – [[Humboldt squid]]<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Lilium humboldtii]]'' – Humboldt's lily<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Phragmipedium humboldtii]]'' – an orchid<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Quercus humboldtii]]'' – South American (Andean) oak<!--citation needed-->
* ''Conepatus humboldtii'' – [[Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/explore/alexander-von-humboldt/a-name-to-conjure-with|title=A name to conjure with|publisher=The Humboldt Foundation|last=Wasmuth|first=Christopher}}</ref>
* ''[[Annona reticulata|Annona humboldtii]]'' – Neotropical fruit tree or shrub<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Utricularia humboldtii]]'' – a bladderwort<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Geranium humboldtii]]'' – a cranesbill<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Salix humboldtiana]]'' – a South-American willow<ref>{{PLANTS|taxon=Salix humboldtiana Willd./ Humboldt's willow|symbol=SAHU|access-date=5 June 2012}}</ref>
* ''[[Boto|Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana]]'' – [[Amazon river dolphin]] subspecies of [[Orinoco River]] basin<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Rhinocoryne humboldti]]'' – marine snail<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Bathybembix humboldti]]'' – marine snail<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Rhinella humboldti]]'' – Rivero's toad<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Pteroglossus humboldti]]'' – Humboldt's Araçari<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Hylocharis humboldtii]]'' – Humboldt's hummingbird<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Casignethus humboldti]]'' – beetle<!--citation needed-->
* ''[[Elzunia humboldt]]'' – butterfly<!--citation needed-->
* †''[[Lenisambulatrix humboldti]]'' – Cambrian [[Lobopodia]]
* ''[[Squamulea humboldtiana]]'' – lichen<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bungartz |first1=Frank |last2=Søchting |first2=Ulrik |last3=Arup |first3=Ulf |title=Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) from the Galapagos Islands: a phylogenetic revision based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, and molecular data |journal=Plant and Fungal Systematics |volume=65 |issue=2 |year=2020 |doi=10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0030 |pages=515–576 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''[[Eleutherodactylus humboldti|E. (S.) humboldti]]'' <ref>{{cite journal | last1=Devitt | first1=Thomas J. | last2=Tseng | first2=Karen | last3=Taylor-Adair | first3=Marlena | last4=Koganti | first4=Sannidhi | last5=Timugura | first5=Alice | last6=Cannatella | first6=David C. | title=Two new species of Eleutherodactylus from western and central Mexico ( Eleutherodactylus jamesdixoni sp. nov., Eleutherodactylus humboldti sp. nov.) | journal=PeerJ | volume=11 | date=2023-03-08 | issn=2167-8359 | pmid=36915652 | pmc=10007972 | doi=10.7717/peerj.14985 | doi-access=free | page=e14985}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Spheniscus humboldti 20070116.jpg|[[Humboldt penguin]], native to Chile and Peru
File:Dosidicus gigas.jpg|[[Humboldt squid]] found in the [[Humboldt Current]]
File:Quercus humboldtii 1.JPG|[[Quercus humboldtii]], an Andean oak
</gallery>

===Geographical features named after Humboldt===
Features named after him include:<ref>{{harvnb|de Terra|1955|loc=Appendix D. "List of Geographic Features Named after Alexander von Humboldt", pp. 377–378.}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Humboldt Bay (United States)|Humboldt Bay]] – Bay in Northern California, United States
* [[Humboldt Current]] – off the west coast of South America
* [[Humboldt Glacier]] – in North West Greenland
* [[Humboldt River]] and [[Humboldt Lake]] – Nevada, United States<ref>{{cite book | url=http://dwgateway.library.unr.edu/keck/histtopoNV/Origin_of_Place_Names_Files/1941NevadaOriginofNames-pt1.pdf | title=Origin of Place Names: Nevada | publisher=W.P.A. | author=Federal Writers' Project | year=1941 | pages=11 | access-date=2018-04-12 | archive-date=2018-11-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113062611/http://dwgateway.library.unr.edu/keck/histtopoNV/Origin_of_Place_Names_Files/1941NevadaOriginofNames-pt1.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Humboldt Peak (Colorado)]]{{snd}}4,287 m mountain in Custer County, Colorado, United States
* [[Pico Humboldt]]{{snd}}4,940 m mountain in Mérida, Venezuela
* [[Humboldt Sink]] – Dry lake bed in Nevada, United States
* [[East Humboldt Range|East]] and [[West Humboldt Range]] in Nevada, United States
* [[Sima Humboldt]] – sinkhole in Venezuela
* "Monumento Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt" at [[Caripe]], Venezuela
* [[Mount Humboldt]]{{snd}}1,617&nbsp;m (5,308&nbsp;ft), New Caledonia
* [[Humboldt Mountains (Antarctica)|Humboldt Mountains]], Antarctic mountains discovered and mapped by the [[Third German Antarctic Expedition]] (1938–1939)
* [[Humboldt Mountains (New Zealand)|Humboldt Mountains]] – Mountain Range in Fiordland National Park, New Zealand
* [[Humboldt Channel (Canada)|Humboldt Channel]] – natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago
* [[Humboldt Falls]]{{snd}}275 m Waterfall in Lower Hollyford Valley, Fiordland National Park, New Zealand
* [[Humboldt Redwoods State Park]] – in northern California, United States
{{div col end|2}}

<gallery>
Humboldt current.jpg|[[Humboldt Current]]
Pico Humboldt.jpg|[[Pico Humboldt]], Venezuela
</gallery>

===Places named after Humboldt===
The following places are named for Humboldt:
<!--please do not add any place here without a blue link to a Wikipedia article-->
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Hacienda Humboldt]], Chihuahua, Mexico
* [[Humboldt, South Dakota]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Nebraska]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Illinois]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Iowa]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Tennessee]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Kansas]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Minnesota]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Arizona]], United States
* [[Humboldt County, California]], United States
* [[Fort Humboldt State Historic Park]], Eureka, California, United States
* [[Humboldt County, Nevada]], United States
* [[Humboldt County, Iowa]], United States
* [[Humboldt, Saskatchewan]], Canada
* [[Humboldt Park (Chicago park)|Humboldt Park]], Chicago, Illinois, United States
* [[Alejandro de Humboldt National Park]], Cuba
* [[Alexander von Humboldt National Forest]], Peru
* [[Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest]], Nevada & California, United States<!--citation needed-->
* [[Martin Luther King Jr. Park|Humboldt Park]], Buffalo, New York, United States
* [[New York State Route 33#Kensington Expressway|Humboldt Parkway]], Buffalo, New York, United States
{{div col end|2}}

===Astronomical features===
* [[Mare Humboldtianum]] ([[lunar mare]])
* [[54 Alexandra]] ([[asteroid]])
* 4877 Humboldt (asteroid)

===Geological objects===
The mineral [[humboldtine]] was named for Alexander by [[Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustariz|Mariano de Rivero]] in 1821.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Rivero |first1=Mariano |title=Note sur une combinaison de l'acide oxalique avec le fer trouvé à Kolowserux, près Belin en Bohéme |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |date=1821 |volume=18 |pages=207–210}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Humboldtine |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1946.html |website=MinDat |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref>

===Universities, colleges, and schools===
[[File:Huberlin-logo.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|Humboldt University of Berlin]]

====Universities====
* [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] is named after Alexander and his brother [[Wilhelm von Humboldt|Wilhelm]] who founded it<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hu-berlin.de/ueberblick-en/history/huben_html |title=Short History{{snd}}Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin |publisher=Hu-berlin.de |access-date=2013-10-31 |archive-date=2012-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424160357/http://www.hu-berlin.de/ueberblick-en/history/huben_html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute]] in [[Bogotá]] and [[Villa de Leiva]], Colombia<!--citation needed-->
* [[California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt]] in [[Arcata, California]]
* [[Universidad Alejandro de Humboldt]] in Caracas, Venezuela

====Schools====
{{main|List of schools named after Alexander von Humboldt}}
<!--BLUELINKS ONLY with citations. For the "colegio": those are also primary and secondary schools; Spanish "colegio" usually means a school-->
* [[Alexander-von-Humboldt-Gymnasium, Konstanz]], Germany
* [[Alexander von Humboldt German International School Montreal]], Montreal, Canada
* [[Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt (Mexico City)|Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt]], Mexico City, Mexico
* [[Deutsche Schule Lima Alexander von Humboldt]], Lima, Peru
* [[Colegio Humboldt, Caracas|Colegio Humboldt]], Caracas, Venezuela
* [[Humboldt Senior High School]], St. Paul, Minnesota
<!--Please do not add anything except existing articles here, it will be removed-->

===Lecture series===
Alexander von Humboldt also lends his name to a prominent lecture series in [[Human geography]] in the Netherlands (hosted by the [[Radboud University Nijmegen]]). It is the Dutch equivalent of the widely known annual [[Alfred Hettner|Hettner]] lectures at the [[University of Heidelberg]].

===The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation===
After his death, Humboldt's friends and colleagues created the [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation]] (''Stiftung'' in German) to continue his generous support of young academics. Although the original endowment was lost in the [[German hyperinflation of the 1920s]], and again as a result of World War II, the Foundation has been re-endowed by the German government to award young academics and distinguished senior academics from abroad. It plays an important role in attracting foreign researchers to work in Germany and enabling German researchers to work abroad for a period.

===Dedications===
[[Edgar Allan Poe]] dedicated his last major work, ''[[Eureka: A Prose Poem]]'', to Humboldt, "With Very Profound Respect". Humboldt's attempt to unify the sciences in his ''Kosmos'' was a major inspiration for Poe's project.

In 2019, [[Josefina Benedetti]] composed ''Humboldt'' an Orchestral Suite in five movements.

===Ships===
''[[Alexander von Humboldt (ship)|Alexander von Humboldt]]'' is also a German ship named after the scientist, originally built in 1906 by the German shipyard AG Weser at [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] as '''''Reserve Sonderburg'''''. She was operated throughout the North and Baltic Seas until being retired in 1986. Subsequently, she was converted into a three-masted [[barque]] by the German shipyard Motorwerke Bremerhaven, and was re-launched in 1988 as ''Alexander von Humboldt''.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

The [[Jan De Nul Group]] operates a hopper dredger built in 1998 also named ''Alexander von Humboldt''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jandenul.com/sites/default/files/equipment-item/pdfs/01.tshd_en_-_v2013-2_-_alexander_von_humboldt.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-06-02 |archive-date=2019-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212160651/https://www.jandenul.com/sites/default/files/equipment-item/pdfs/01.tshd_en_-_v2013-2_-_alexander_von_humboldt.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Recognitions by contemporaries===

[[Simón Bolívar]] wrote that "The real discoverer of South America was Humboldt, since his work was more useful for our people than the work of all conquerors".<ref>Raymond Erickson, Mauricio A. Font, Brian Schwartz. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283269427_Alexander_von_Humboldt_From_the_Americas_to_the_Cosmos ''Alexander von Humboldt. From the Americas to the Cosmos''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010635/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283269427_Alexander_von_Humboldt_From_the_Americas_to_the_Cosmos |date=2018-03-10 }} p. xvi. Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Studies, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York</ref> [[Charles Darwin]] expressed his debt to Humboldt, and admiration for his work,<ref>Darwin Correspondence Project "[http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-9601 Letter 9601] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002181552/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-9601 |date=2012-10-02 }} – Darwin, C. R. to secretary of New York Liberal Club", [after 13 Aug 1874]</ref> writing to [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]] that Humboldt was the "''greatest scientific traveller who ever lived''".<ref>Darwin Correspondence Project " [http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-13277 Letter 13277] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002181731/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-13277 |date=2012-10-02 }} – Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 6 Aug 1881</ref> <!-- source needed, possibly in Letter 9601? – "I have always admired him; now I worship him".--> [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]] wrote that "Alexander is destined to combine ideas and follow chains of thoughts which would otherwise have remained unknown for ages. His depth, his sharp mind and his incredible speed are a rare combination." [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe]] observed that "Humboldt showers us with true treasures". [[Friedrich Schiller]] wrote that "Alexander impresses many, particularly when compared to his brother—because he shows off more!" [[José de la Luz y Caballero]] wrote that "Columbus gave Europe a New World; Humboldt made it known in its physical, material, intellectual, and moral aspects".

[[Napoléon Bonaparte]] remarked "You have been studying Botanics? Just like my wife!" [[Claude Louis Berthollet]] said "This man is as knowledgeable as a whole academy". [[Thomas Jefferson]] remarked "I consider him the most important scientist whom I have met". [[Emil du Bois-Reymond]] wrote that "Every assiduous scholar ... is Humboldt's son; we are all his family."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zwei grosse Naturforscher des 19. Jahrhunderts. Ein Briefwechsel zwischen Emil du Bois-Reymond und Karl Ludwig|publisher=Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth|year=1927|editor-last=du Bois-Reymond|editor-first=Estelle|location=Leipzig|page=61}}</ref> [[Robert G. Ingersoll]] wrote that "He was to science what Shakespeare was to the drama".<ref>''The Writings of Robert G Ingersoll'' (Dresden Edition), C. P. Farrell (1900)</ref>

[[Hermann von Helmholtz]] wrote that "During the first half of the present century we had an Alexander von Humboldt, who was able to scan the scientific knowledge of his time in its details, and to bring it within one vast generalization. At the present juncture, it is obviously very doubtful whether this task could be accomplished in a similar way, even by a mind with gifts so peculiarly suited for the purpose as Humboldt's was, and if all his time and work were devoted to the purpose."<ref>H. Helmholtz (1869), translated by E. Atkinson, ''The aim and progress of physical science'', in Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects, 1873</ref>

===Sculptures===
<gallery heights="150">
File:Alejandrodehumboldt.jpg|Bust at the [[University of Havana]]
File:Alexander von Humboldt-Denkmal in der Budapester Str., Berlin - 1.jpg|[[Statue of Alexander von Humboldt (Bläser)|Statue in Budapester Straße, Berlin]]
File:Von Humboldt Statue.jpg|[[Statue of Alexander von Humboldt (Chicago)|Statue]] in [[Humboldt Park, Chicago]]
File:Alexander von Humboldt Statue in Allegheny West Park.jpg|Statue in [[Allegheny West (Pittsburgh)|Allegheny West]] Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
File:Alexander von Humboldt Denkmal - Humboldt Universität zu Berlin.jpg|[[Statue of Alexander von Humboldt (Begas)|Statue]] at [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], describing him as "the second discoverer of Cuba"
File:HumboldtCentralPark.jpg|[[List of sculptures in Central Park|Bust in Central Park]], New York
File:Monumento a Alexander Von Humboldt, Alameda Central, Ciudad de México.jpg|[[Statue of Alexander von Humboldt (Mexico City)|Statue]] in [[Alameda Central]], Mexico City
File:Alexander Humboldt statue, Quito, Ecuador.jpg|Monument in [[Parque El Ejido]], Quito, Ecuador
File:Estatua de Alexander Von Humboldt. Parque Nacional El Guácharo. Estado Monagas. Venezuela..JPG|Alexander Von Humboldt Statue. El Guácharo National Park. [[Monagas]] State. Venezuela
File:Standbild Heumarkt Köln - Alexander von Humboldt.jpg|Humboldt, part of [[:Commons:Category:Reiterstandbild Friedrich Wilhelm III in Köln|a sculpture]] in Cologne, Germany
File:Humboldt-statue-tower-grove-benecke.jpg|Statue in [[Tower Grove Park]], [[St. Louis]]<ref>[[Andreas Daum|Andreas W. Daum]], "Celebrating Humanism in St. Louis: The Origins of the Humboldt Statue in Tower Grove Park, 1859‒1878." ''Gateway Heritage: Quarterly Magazine of the Missouri Historical Society'' (Fall 1994), 48-58.</ref>
File:Louis Agassiz and Alexander von Humboldt statues at Jordan Hall, Stanford.jpg|Louis Agassiz and Alexander von Humboldt statues at Jordan Hall, [[Stanford University]] main quad
File:Mirador Humboldt 01.jpg|The bronze sculpture by the artist Ana Lilia Martín, born in [[La Palma]] (Canarias) in 1963, depicts the natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt. The sculpture has been on the terrace of the Humboldblick viewpoint in [[La Orotava]] since 2009.
File:B Chimborazo W 0501 054 (16669362064).jpg|Sculpture in [[Chimborazo]], Ecuador
</gallery>