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===Torah and Bible study=== [[File:Mikraot Gedolot.JPG|thumb|right|''Chumash'' with ''Mikraot Gedolot''. The [[Torah]] text is the block of large, bold letters; adjacent to it is the ''Targum Onkelos'' with Rashi's commentary below (with the related supercommentary ''[[Siftei Chachamim]]'' alongside). Ramban, [[Abraham ibn Ezra|Ibn Ezra]] and [[Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno|Sforno]] are on the facing page; [[Mikraot Gedolot#Commentaries|other commentaries]] and references are in the margins.]] [[File:Mikraot Gedolot Jiddisch.jpg|thumb|right|Chumash with Yiddish translation]] Intensive study of ''[[Chumash (Judaism)|Chumash]]'' (Torah) with the commentary of [[Rashi]] is stressed and taught in all elementary grades.<ref name="Actually"/> In Haredi and Hasidic yeshivas, this is often done with Yiddish translations. The rest of the ''[[Tanach]]'' (Hebrew Bible; acronym: ''Torah'' and ''[[Nach (Bible acronym)|Nach]]'' = ''"Torah, [[Hebrew Bible#Nevi'im|Nevi'im]] u'[[Hebrew Bible#Ketuvim|Ketuvim]]"''; "Torah, Prophets and Writings") is usually taught through high school, although less intensively. In Yeshivot, thereafter, ''Chumash'', and especially ''Nach'', are studied less directly. Yeshiva students typically follow the practice of ''[[Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum]]'', independently reviewing the upcoming ''[[parashah]]'' ([[weekly Torah portion]]) twice in the original Hebrew and once in [[Targum Onkelos]] (an [[Aramaic]] translation), together with Rashi's commentary. Students often also study [[Nachmanides#Commentary on the Torah|Ramban's commentary]], functioning in relation to Rashi here, somewhat as Tosafot above; less frequently, other commentaries from the ''[[Mikraot Gedolot]]'' edition are reviewed. Students may similarly study ''Nach'' independently (often using the [[David Altschuler#Works|''Metzudos'']] commentary); usually, ''Tanach'' is not taught ''per se'', with exceptions being the five [[Megilloth]] and [[Psalms|Tehillim]]. The ''Rosh Yeshiva'' delivers a weekly ''shiur'' on the ''parashah'', exploring a particular question or theme, with a related ethical or ''hashkafic'' teaching; this is often [[Shiur (Torah)#Public study sessions|open to the public]]. At [[Hesder]], [[Religious Zionism|Religious Zionist]] and [[Modern Orthodox Judaism|Modern Orthodox]] yeshivot, the study of ''Chumash'' and ''Nach'' continues in parallel with Talmud study. These institutions offer formal ''shiurim'' in many, if not all, of the books of ''Nevi'im'' and ''Ketuvim''. These are often structured [[Shiur (Torah)#Class levels|by level]], similar to Talmud study, where the text, and its overall structure, is then analyzed in light of the [[Jewish commentaries on the Bible|various commentaries]] and [[Midrash#Classical compilations|''Midrashim'']],<ref>[https://cdn.yutorah.net/_materials/Marei_Mekomot-513431.pdf Example ''marei mekomot'' - Tanach]</ref> typically complementing the ''Machshavah'' ''shiurim''. (See further re this approach under {{slink|Yeshivat Har Etzion|Educational and religious philosophy}}.) [[Oral Torah#In rabbinic literature and commentary|More recent commentaries]] especially studied are ''[[Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin#Bibliography|"Netziv"]]'' and ''[[Malbim#Methodology and style|"Malbim"]]''; as well as reference works such as ''[[Da'at Miqra]]'' by [[Mordechai Breuer]] and others. The commentaries by Ramban, [[Isaac Abarbanel#Exegesis|Abarbanel]], [[Bahya ben Asher#Torah commentary|"Rabbeinu Behaye"]], and [[Samson Raphael Hirsch#Commentary on the Torah|"Rav Hirsch"]] provide much philosophical content. The ''[[Sefer ha-Chinuch]]'', although not a commentary ''per se'', offers a systematic [[Sefer ha-Chinuch#Content|legal and philosophic discussion]] of [[613 commandments|the commandments]], and is similarly studied. (The related [[Joseph_Babad#Minchat_Chinuch|''Minchat Chinuch'']] is often referenced in legal-focused Talmud ''shiurim''.) Intensive study of Tanach, as for Machshava, is likewise a feature of many ''Midrashot''.
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