Editing Yellow (section)

=== In China ===
{{main|Color in Chinese culture}}
Yellow has strong historical and cultural associations in China, where ''huáng'' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|黃}}}} or {{lang|zh|{{linktext|黄}}}}) is the color of happiness, glory, and wisdom. Although ''huáng'' originally and occasionally still covers a range inclusive of [[tan (color)|tan]]s and [[orange (color)|orange]]s,<ref>{{citation |last=Schafer |first=Edward H. |jstor=4527434 |contribution=The Early History of Lead Pigments and Cosmetics in China |title=T'oung Pao |series=2nd ser. |volume=44 |date=1956 |issue=4/5 |pages=413–438 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden }}.</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Dupree |first=Scratch |contribution-url=https://chajournal.blog/2017/01/30/colors/ |contribution=Colors |date=30 January 2017 |title=Cha |url=https://chajournal.blog |publisher= |location=Hong Kong }}.</ref> speakers of modern [[Standard Mandarin]] tend to map their use of ''huáng'' to shades corresponding to English yellow.<ref>{{citation |last=Hsieh |first=Tracy Tsuei-ju |author2=Ichiro Kuriki |author3=Chen I-ping |author4=Yumiko Muto |author5=Rumi Tokunaga |author6=Satoshi Shiori |ref={{harvid|Hsieh & al.|2020}} |date=November 2020 |display-authors=1 |title=Journal of Vision |volume=20 |issue=12 |page=6 |doi=10.1167/jov.20.12.6 |contribution=Basic Color Categories in Mandarin Chinese Revealed by Cluster Analysis |pmid=33196769 |publisher=Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |location=[[Rockville, Maryland|Rockville]] |pmc=7671860 }}.</ref>

In Chinese symbolism, yellow, red, and green are masculine colors, while black and white are considered feminine. After the development of the theory of [[Five elements (China)|five elements]], the Chinese reckoned various correspondences. On a five season model, late summer was characterized by yellowing leaves.<ref name="autogenerated82" />{{dubious|date=February 2024}} Yellow was taken as the color of the fifth direction of the compass, the central. China is called the Middle Kingdom; the palace of the Emperor was considered to be in the exact center of the world.<ref name="autogenerated82">Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques'', p. 82.</ref> The legendary first emperor of China was called the [[Yellow Emperor]] and the last, [[Puyi]] (1906–67), described in his memoirs how every object which surrounded him as a child was yellow. "It made me understand from my most tender age that I was of a unique essence, and it instilled in me the consciousness of my 'celestial nature' which made me different from every other human."<ref>{{cite book | script-title= zh:我的前半生 | trans-title= The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Puyi | last= Aisin-Gioro | first= Puyi | orig-year= First published 1964<!--, 1987, 2002 --> | publisher= Foreign Languages Press | isbn= 978-7-119-00772-4 | language= zh | title= From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi | year= 1989 | url-access= registration | url= https://archive.org/details/fromemperortocit00puyi }}&nbsp;– original</ref><ref name="Eva Heller 2000 p. 82"/> The Chinese Emperor was literally considered the child of heaven, with both a political and religious role, both symbolized by yellow. After the [[Song dynasty]], laws banned the use of certain bright yellow shades by anyone but the emperor. Distinguished visitors were honored with a yellow, not a red, carpet.

In current [[Chinese culture|Chinese pop culture]], the term "yellow movie" ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|黃色電影}}}}) refers to films and other cultural items of a pornographic nature, analogous to the English "[[wikt:blue movie|blue movie]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1045153.stm|title=Chinese porn trader jailed for life|work=BBC News|access-date=23 March 2009|first=Duncan|last=Hewitt|date=28 November 2000|archive-date=23 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223141955/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1045153.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> This was the basis of the 2007 "[[very erotic very violent]]" meme, with the word "erotic" [[calque|calquing]] Chinese "yellow".

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:Yellow River - panoramio.jpg | The [[Yellow River]] at [[Sanmenxia]]
File:Portrait assis de l'empereur Jiajing.jpg|Portrait of the [[Jiajing Emperor]] from the [[Ming dynasty]].
File:乾隆皇帝老年肖像.jpg|The [[Qianlong Emperor]] in court dress (18th century).
File:Imperial Yellow Peking Glass Vase Closeup.jpg|[[Daoguang Emperor|Daoguang]] period [[Peking glass]] vase, a shade called "Imperial Yellow" after the [[Flag of the Qing dynasty|Qing banner]]
File:20090528 Beijing Forbidden City 8074.jpg|Yellow roofs in the [[Forbidden City]]
File:Shanghainanjingroadpic1.jpg|Neon lights in modern Shanghai with a predominance of red and yellow.
</gallery>