Editing Weimar Republic (section)

==== Papen cabinet ====
{{Further|Papen cabinet}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13378, Braunschweig, Hitler bei Marsch der SA.jpg|thumb|[[Nazi Party]] (NSDAP) leader [[Adolf Hitler]] saluting members of the [[Sturmabteilung]] in [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], Lower Saxony, 1932]]
Hindenburg then appointed [[Franz von Papen]] as the new chancellor. He was closely associated with the industrialist and land-owning classes and the military. General [[Kurt von Schleicher]] – who became Reichswehr minister – handpicked the members of the [[Papen cabinet]], which came to be known as the "Cabinet of Barons".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sturm |first=Reinhard |date=23 December 2011 |title=Zerstörung der Demokratie 1930–1932: Regierung von Papen |trans-title=Destruction of the Democracy 1930–1932: The von Papen Government |url=https://www.bpb.de/themen/nationalsozialismus-zweiter-weltkrieg/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39537/zerstoerung-der-demokratie-1930-1932/#node-content-title-13 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung |language=de}}</ref> It continued to govern by presidential decree as had the Brüning cabinets.

On 16 June, Papen lifted the ban on the Nazi ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' (SA) and ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS)<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2000 |title=Franz von Papen |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-von-Papen |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=Britannica online}}</ref> that had been imposed on 13 April under the Brüning government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hauner |first=Milan |url={{Google books|9_pZCwAAQBAJ|page=81|plainurl=yes}} |title=Hitler. A Chronology of His Life and Time |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |year=2005 |isbn=978-0230584495 |location=London |pages=81}}</ref> Using the political violence that took place during the Reichstag election campaign as a pretext, he ousted the SPD-led coalition government of [[Free State of Prussia|Prussia]] in the [[1932 Prussian coup d'état|Prussian coup d'état]] ({{Lang|de|Preußenschlag}}) of 20 July. By emergency decree, he declared himself Reich Commissioner ({{Lang|de|Reichskommissar}}) of Prussia, a step that further weakened the democracy of the Weimar Republic.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schulze |first=Hagen |title=Germany: A New History |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0674005457 |location=Cambridge, MA |pages=241–243}}</ref>