Editing Vitamin B6 (section)

===Causes===
A deficiency of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> alone is relatively uncommon and often occurs in association with other vitamins of the B complex. Evidence exists for decreased levels of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in women with [[type 1 diabetes]] and in patients with [[systemic inflammation]], liver disease, [[rheumatoid arthritis]], and those infected with [[HIV]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Massé PG, Boudreau J, Tranchant CC, Ouellette R, Ericson KL | title = Type 1 diabetes impairs vitamin B(6) metabolism at an early stage of women's adulthood | journal = Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism| volume = 37 | issue = 1 | pages = 167–75 | date = February 2012 | pmid = 22288928 | doi = 10.1139/h11-146 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ulvik A, Midttun Ø, Pedersen ER, Eussen SJ, Nygård O, Ueland PM | title = Evidence for increased catabolism of vitamin B-6 during systemic inflammation | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 100 | issue = 1 | pages = 250–5 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24808485 | doi = 10.3945/ajcn.114.083196 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Use of [[oral contraceptive]]s and treatment with certain [[anticonvulsant]]s, [[isoniazid]], [[cycloserine]], [[penicillamine]], and [[hydrocortisone]] negatively impact vitamin B<sub>6</sub> status.<ref name=ODS/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson SM, Bivins BN, Russell KA, Bailey LB | title = Oral contraceptive use: impact on folate, vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> status | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 69 | issue = 10 | pages = 572–83 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21967158 | doi = 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00419.x | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schwaninger M, Ringleb P, Winter R, Kohl B, Fiehn W, Rieser PA, Walter-Sack I | title = Elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine in antiepileptic drug treatment | journal = Epilepsia | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 345–50 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10080517 | doi = 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00716.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[Hemodialysis]] reduces vitamin B<sub>6</sub> plasma levels.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Corken M, Porter J | title = Is vitamin B(6) deficiency an under-recognized risk in patients receiving haemodialysis? A systematic review: 2000-2010 | journal = Nephrology | volume = 16 | issue = 7 | pages = 619–25 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21609363 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01479.x | s2cid = 22894817 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Overconsumption of ''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'' seeds can also deplete vitamin B<sub>6</sub>.<ref name="Kobayashi2019">{{cite journal |last1=Kobayashi |first1=Daisuke |title=Food poisoning by Ginkgo seeds through vitamin B<sub>6</sub> depletion (article in Japanese) |journal=Yakugaku Zasshi |volume=139 |issue=1 |year=2019 |pages=1–6 |issn=0031-6903 |doi=10.1248/yakushi.18-00136 |pmid=30606915 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WadaIshigaki1985">{{cite journal |last1=Wada |first1=Keiji |last2=Ishigaki |first2=Seikou |last3=Ueda |first3=Kaori |last4=Sakata |first4=Masakatsu |last5=Haga |first5=Masanobu |title=An antivitamin B6, 4'-methoxypyridoxine, from the seed of Ginkgo biloba L. |journal=Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin |volume=33 |issue=8 |year=1985 |pages=3555–3557 |issn=0009-2363 |doi=10.1248/cpb.33.3555 |pmid=4085085 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

====Genetic defects====
Genetically confirmed diagnoses of diseases affecting vitamin B<sub>6</sub> metabolism ([[ALDH7A1]] deficiency, [[PNPO|pyridoxine-5'-phosphate oxidase deficiency]], [[Pyridoxal phosphate|PLP binding protein deficiency]], [[hyperprolinaemia type II]] and [[hypophosphatasia]]) can trigger vitamin B<sub>6</sub> deficiency-dependent [[epilepsy|epileptic seizures]] in infants. These are responsive to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate therapy.<ref name="Ghatge2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghatge MS, Al Mughram M, Omar AM, Safo MK |title=Inborn errors in the vitamin B6 salvage enzymes associated with neonatal epileptic encephalopathy and other pathologies |journal=Biochimie |volume=183 |issue= |pages=18–29 |date=April 2021 |pmid=33421502 |doi=10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.025 |s2cid=231437416 |url=|pmc=11273822 }}</ref><ref name="Mastrangelo2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mastrangelo M, Cesario S |title=Update on the treatment of vitamin B6 dependent epilepsies |journal=Expert Rev Neurother |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=1135–47 |date=November 2019 |pmid=31340680 |doi=10.1080/14737175.2019.1648212 |s2cid=198496085 |url=}}</ref>