Editing University of California (section)

==Peripheral enterprises==

The University of California has a long tradition of involvement in many enterprises that are often geographically or organizationally separate from its general campuses, including national laboratories, observatories, hospitals, continuing education programs, hotels, conference centers, an airport, a seaport, and an art institute.

===National laboratories===
[[File:Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (52230758982).jpg|thumb|[[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] in the [[Berkeley Hills]].]]
The University of California directly manages and operates one [[United States Department of Energy National Laboratories|United States Department of Energy National Laboratory]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucop.edu/laboratory-management/ |title=Office of the National Laboratories {{!}} UCOP |website=www.ucop.edu |language=en |access-date=August 15, 2017 |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207150243/http://www.ucop.edu/laboratory-management/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] (LBNL, or Berkeley Lab) ([[Berkeley, California]])

UC is a limited partner in two separate private [[Limited liability company|limited liability companies]] that manage and operate two other Department of Energy national laboratories:
* [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] (LANL) ([[Los Alamos, New Mexico]]) operated by Triad National Security, LLC.
* [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] (LLNL) ([[Livermore, California]]) operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.

[[File:University of California Radiation Laboratory staff on the magnet yoke for the 60-inch cyclotron, 1938.jpg|thumb|Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory staff on the magnet yoke for the 60-inch cyclotron, 1938; Nobel prize winners [[Ernest Lawrence]], [[Edwin McMillan]], and [[Luis Walter Alvarez|Luis Alvarez]] are shown, in addition to [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] and [[Robert R. Wilson]].]]
The '''Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory''' conducts unclassified research across a wide range of scientific disciplines with key efforts focused on fundamental studies of the universe, quantitative biology, nanoscience, new energy systems and environmental solutions, and the use of integrated computing as a tool for discovery.

The '''Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory''' uses advanced science and technology to ensure that U.S. nuclear weapons remain reliable. LLNL also has major research programs in supercomputing and predictive modeling, energy and environment, bioscience and biotechnology, basic science and applied technology, counter-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and homeland security. It is also home to the most powerful supercomputers in the world.

The '''Los Alamos National Laboratory''' focuses most of its work on ensuring the reliability of U.S. nuclear weapons. Other work at LANL involves research programs into preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction and US national security, such as protection of the US homeland from terrorist attacks.

The UC system's ties to the three laboratories have occasionally sparked controversy and protest, because all three laboratories have been intimately linked with the development of [[nuclear weapon]]s. During the [[World War II]] [[Manhattan Project]], Lawrence Berkeley Lab developed the electromagnetic method for the separation of uranium isotopes used to develop the first atomic bombs. The Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore labs have been involved in designing U.S. nuclear weapons from their inception until the shift into [[stockpile stewardship]] after the end of the [[Cold War]]. Historically the two national laboratories in Berkeley and Livermore named after [[Ernest O. Lawrence]], have had very close relationships on research projects, as well as sharing some business operations and staff. In fact, [[LLNL]] was not officially severed administratively from [[LBNL]] until the early 1970s. They also have much deeper ties to the university than the Los Alamos Lab, a fact seen in their respective original names; the University of California Berkeley Radiation Laboratory and the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Livermore.
[[File:Lick Observatory Shane Telescope.jpg|thumb|[[Lick Observatory]], atop [[Mount Hamilton (California)|Mount Hamilton]] in the [[Diablo Range]].]]
The UC system's ties to the labs have so far outlasted all periods of internal controversy. However, in 2003, the U.S. Department of Energy for the first time opened the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] (LANL) contract for bidding by other vendors. UC entered into a partnership with [[Bechtel Corporation]], [[BWXT]], and the [[Washington Group International]], and together they created a private company called [[Los Alamos National Security, LLC]] (LANS). The only other bidder on the LANL contract was a [[Lockheed Martin]] Corporation-created company that included, among others, the [[University of Texas System]]. In December 2005, a seven-year contract to manage the laboratory was awarded to the Los Alamos National Security, LLC.<ref>{{cite news |last=Broad |first=William J. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/22/national/22alamos.html |title=California Is Surprise Winner in Bid to Run Los Alamos |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 22, 2005 |access-date=February 10, 2008 |archive-date=January 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121073208/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/22/national/22alamos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On October 1, 2007, the University of California ended its direct involvement in operating the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Management of the laboratory was taken over by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, a limited liability company whose members are Bechtel National, the University of California, Babcock & Wilcox, the Washington Division of URS Corporation, Battelle Memorial Institute, and The Texas A&M University System. Other than UC appointing three members to the two separate boards of directors (each with eleven members) that oversee LANS and LLNS, UC now has virtually no responsibility for or direct involvement in either LANL or LLNL. UC policies and regulations that apply to UC campuses and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California no longer apply to LANL and LLNL, and the LANL and LLNL directors no longer report to the UC Regents or UC Office of the President.

===Observatories===
[[File:Keck and NASA Telescopes. Mauna Kea Summit - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|[[W. M. Keck Observatory|Keck Observatory]], atop [[Mauna Kea]] volcano on the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of Hawaii.]]
The University of California manages two [[Observatory|observatories]] as a multi-campus research unit headquartered at [[UC Santa Cruz]].
* [[Lick Observatory]] atop [[Mount Hamilton (California)|Mount Hamilton]], in the [[Diablo Range]] just east of [[San Jose, California|San Jose]].
* [[Keck Observatory]] at the {{convert|4,145|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} summit of [[Mauna Kea]] in Hawaii.

The Astronomy Department at the [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] campus manages the [[Hat Creek Radio Observatory]] in [[Shasta County, California|Shasta County]].

===High-performance networking===
The University of California is a founding and charter member of the [[Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California]], a nonprofit organization that provides high-performance Internet-based networking to California's K-20 research and education community.

===UC Natural Reserve System===
{{main|University of California Natural Reserve System}}
The [[University of California Natural Reserve System|NRS]] was established in January 1965 to provide UC faculty with large areas of land where they could conduct long-term ecosystem research without having to worry about outside disturbances like tourists. Today, the NRS manages 39 reserves that total more than {{convert|756,000|acre|km2}}.
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Selected reserves of the [[University of California Natural Reserve System]]">
File:Outdoors (5223138163).jpg|[[Campus Point State Marine Conservation Area|Coal Oil Point Reserve]]
File:Rancho Marino Reserve.jpg|[[Rancho Marino Reserve]]
File:Stebbins Cold Canyon Reserve 167.JPG|[[Stebbins Cold Canyon Reserve]]
File:Younger Lagoon Reserve (7184158388).jpg|[[Younger Lagoon Reserve]]
File:Bodega Marine Lab 3543.jpg|[[Bodega Marine Reserve]]
</gallery>

===UC Agriculture and Natural Resources===
{{visible anchor|University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources}}<ref name="UCANR">{{cite web |title=Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources |website=University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources |date=January 5, 2022 |url=http://ucanr.edu/ |access-date=January 8, 2022 |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106113133/https://ucanr.edu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (UCANR, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources) plays an important role in the state's agriculture industry, as mandated by UC's legacy as a land-grant institution. In addition to conducting agriculture and [[Youth development]] research, every county in the state has a [[cooperative extension]] office with county farm advisors. The county offices also support [[4-H]] programs and have nutrition, family, and consumer sciences advisors who assist local government. Currently, the division's University of California 4-H Youth Development Program<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ca4h.org/ |title=University of California 4-H Youth Development Program |publisher=Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-date=November 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106133206/http://www.ca4h.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is a national leader in studying [[thriving]] in the field of youth development.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://4h.ucanr.edu/About/Framework/PYD/Thrive |title=4-H Thrive |last=Resources |first=University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural |website=4h.ucanr.edu |language=en-US |access-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-date=February 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204173420/http://4h.ucanr.edu/About/Framework/PYD/Thrive/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Other national research centers===
From September 2003 to July 2016, UC managed a contract valued at more than $330 million to establish and operate a University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) at the [[NASA Ames Research Center]] at [[Moffett Federal Airfield]] —the largest grant ever awarded the university. [[UC Santa Cruz]] managed the UARC for the University of California, with the goal of increasing the science output, safety, and effectiveness of [[NASA]]'s missions through new technologies and scientific techniques.

Since 2002, the [[National Science Foundation|NSF]]-funded [[San Diego Supercomputer Center]] at [[UC San Diego]] has been managed by the University of California, which took over from the previous manager, [[General Atomics]].

===Medical centers and schools===
[[File:UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Mission Bay (July 2020) -2.jpg|thumb|right|[[UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital]].]]
The University of California operates five medical centers throughout the state:

* [[UC Davis Medical Center]], in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]];
* [[UC Irvine Medical Center]], in [[Orange, California|Orange]];
* [[UCLA Health System|UCLA Medical Center]], comprising two distinct hospitals:
** [[Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center]], in Los Angeles;
** [[UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica|UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center]], in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]];
* [[UC San Diego Health|UC San Diego Medical Center]], comprising two distinct hospitals:
** [[UC San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest]], in [[San Diego]]; 
** [[Jacobs Medical Center]], in [[La Jolla]]; and
* [[UCSF Medical Center]], operating as a single medical center across three physically distinct campuses around San Francisco.

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Medical centers of the University of California">
File:UC Davis Medical Center.jpg|[[UC Davis Medical Center|UCD Medical Center]]
File:Jacobs Medical Center southwest.jpg|[[Jacobs Medical Center|UCSD Medical Center]]
File:Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center June 2012 002 (cropped).jpg|[[Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center|UCLA Medical Center]]
File:UCSF Medical Center and Sutro Tower in 2008 (cropped).jpg|[[UCSF Medical Center]]
File:Ucirvinemedicalcenter (cropped).jpg|[[UC Irvine Medical Center|UCI Medical Center]]
</gallery>
There are two medical centers that bear the UCLA name, but are not operated by UCLA: [[Harbor–UCLA Medical Center]] and [[Olive View–UCLA Medical Center]]. They are actually [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]]-operated facilities that UCLA uses as [[teaching hospital]]s.
[[File:Mattel UCLA Hospital.jpg|thumb|[[UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital]].]]
Each medical center serves as the primary teaching site for that campus's medical school. UCSF is perennially among the top five programs in both research and primary care, and both UCLA and UC San Diego consistently rank among the top fifteen research schools, according to annual rankings published by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools |title=2013 Best Medical Schools |year=2012 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222164609/http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools |url-status=dead }}</ref> The teaching hospitals affiliated with each school are also highly regarded – the [[UCSF Medical Center]] was ranked the number one hospital in California and number 5 in the country by ''U.S. News & World Report''{{'}}s 2017 Honor Roll for Best Hospitals in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://health.usnews.com/health-news/best-hospitals/articles/2010/07/14/best-hospitals-2010-11-the-honor-roll.html |title=U.S. News Best Hospitals 2012–13: the Honor Roll |last1=Comarow |first1=Avery |date=July 16, 2012 |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |access-date=August 19, 2012 |archive-date=October 10, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010191637/http://health.usnews.com/health-news/best-hospitals/articles/2010/07/14/best-hospitals-2010-11-the-honor-roll.html |url-status=live }}</ref> UC also has a sixth medical school—[[UC Riverside School of Medicine]], the only one in the UC system without its own hospital.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the UC hospitals became the cores of full-fledged regional health systems; they were gradually supplemented by many outpatient clinics, offices, and institutes. Three UC hospitals are actually county hospitals that were sold to UC, which means that UC currently plays a major role in providing healthcare to the indigent. The medical hospitals operated by UC Irvine (acquired in 1976), UC Davis (acquired in 1978), and UC San Diego (acquired in 1984) each began as the respective county hospitals of [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento County]], and [[San Diego County, California|San Diego County]]. As of 2025, UC medical centers handle each year about 10.8 million outpatient visits, 474,000 emergency room visits, and roughly 1.32 million inpatient days.<ref name="At a glance" />

===Facilities outside of California===
[[File:Casa_de_California_en_México.jpg|thumb|right|Casa de California in [[Mexico City]].]]
UC operates several other miscellaneous sites to support faculty, students, and researchers away from its general campuses:
* The UC Office of the President's Education Abroad Program (EAP) currently operates one mini-campus which supports UC students, faculty, and alumni overseas: 
** Casa de California in [[Mexico City]]. 
** EAP also briefly operated California House in London during the early-to-mid 2000s.
* UC Irvine founded UC Washington Center (UCDC) in the federal capital at Washington, D.C. UCDC includes a dormitory to host UC students interning with the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]]. It is now jointly operated and supported by all nine UC campuses which admit undergraduates. 
* UC Davis operates UC Center Sacramento, which supports students [[Internship|interning]] with the [[Government of California|California government]].
* UC Berkeley operates the Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research Station in [[Mo'orea]], [[French Polynesia]] on land donated in 1981 by the heir to the founder of the [[Gump's]] home furnishings store.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Geissinger |first1=Steve |last2=Geissinger |first2=Michael |title=Despite state budget crunch, UC runs 'Fantasy Island' station |url=https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2008/04/14/despite-state-budget-crunch-uc-runs-fantasy-island-station/ |access-date=February 3, 2019 |work=East Bay Times |publisher=Bay Area News Group |date=April 14, 2008 |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014610/https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2008/04/14/despite-state-budget-crunch-uc-runs-fantasy-island-station/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Hospitality facilities===
[[File:Ellen Browning Scripps Memorial Pier, La Jolla , United States (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|[[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] pier, in [[La Jolla]].]]
Unlike other land-grant institutions (e.g., [[Cornell University School of Hotel Administration|Cornell]]) UC does not provide a [[hospitality management studies|hospitality management]] program, but it does provide general hospitality at some locations:{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} 
* UC Berkeley's Cal Alumni Association operates travel excursions for alumni (and their families) under its "Cal Discoveries Travel" brand (formerly BearTreks); many of the tour guides are Berkeley professors. CAA also operates the oldest and largest alumni association-run family camp in the world, the Lair of the Golden Bear. Located at an altitude of 5600 feet in [[Pinecrest, Tuolumne County, California|Pinecrest, California]], the Lair is a home-away-from-home for almost 10,000 campers annually. Its attendees are largely Cal alumni and their families, but the Lair is open to everyone.
* Berkeley Lab operates its own hotel, the Berkeley Lab Guest House, available to persons with business at the Lab itself or UC Berkeley.
* UCLA Housing & Hospitality Services operates two on-campus hotels, the 61-room Guest House and the 254-room Meyer & Renee Luskin Conference Center, and a lavish off-campus conference center at [[Lake Arrowhead, California|Lake Arrowhead]] (with a mix of chalet-like condominiums, lodge rooms, and stand-alone cottages). During the summer, the Lake Arrowhead conference center hosts the Bruin Woods vacation programs for UCLA alumni and their families. 
* Separately, UCLA Health operates the 100-room Tiverton House just south of the UCLA campus to serve its patients and their families. 
* UC Santa Cruz leased the University Inn and Conference Center in downtown Santa Cruz from 2001 to 2011 for use as off-campus student housing.

===University Airport===
[[File:Ucberkeleylifesciences (cropped).JPG|thumb|right|[[University of California Museum of Paleontology]] in Berkeley.]]
UC Davis operates the [[University Airport]] as a utility airport for [[air shuttle]] service in the contractual transportation of university employees and agricultural samples. It is also a public general aviation airport. University Airport's ICAO identifier is KEDU.

===Seaport===
UC San Diego's [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] owns a seaport, the Nimitz Marine Facility, which is just south of Shelter Island on [[Point Loma]], San Diego. The port is used as an operating base for all of its oceanographic vessels and platforms.

===UC Extension===
For over a century, the university has operated a continuing education program for working adults and professionals. At present, UC Extension has enrolled over 700,000 students, (500,000 of which are unique) in over 3,000 courses, with approximately 100,000 students attending during 2022-2023. One of the reasons for its large size is that UC Extension is a approved and the dominant provider of education for [[Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act|WIOA]] and [[Trade Adjustment Assistance|TAAP]] workers in California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UC ONLINE AND THE ECOSYSTEM OF ONLINE EDUCATION IN THE UC SYSTEM |url=https://regents.universityofcalifornia.edu/regmeet/jan24/a3.pdf |access-date=March 1, 2024 |page=1, 20 }}</ref> Also, the systemwide portion of UC Extension (directly controlled by the UC Office of the President) operates [[CEB (Continuing Education of the Bar)|Continuing Education of the Bar]] under a joint venture agreement with the [[State Bar of California]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}