Editing Titanium (section)

===Aerospace and marine===
[[File:A12-flying.jpg|thumb|[[Lockheed A-12]], first plane made of 93% titanium]]
Because titanium alloys have high [[tensile strength]] to density ratio,<ref name="TICE6th" /> high [[corrosion resistance]],<ref name=LANL/> fatigue resistance, high crack resistance,<ref name=Moiseyev>{{cite book |last=Moiseyev |first=Valentin N. |year=2006 |title=Titanium Alloys: Russian Aircraft and Aerospace Applications |publisher=Taylor and Francis, LLC |page=196 |isbn=978-0-8493-3273-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=legtmQEACAAJ}}</ref> and ability to withstand moderately high temperatures without creeping, they are used in aircraft, armor plating, naval ships, spacecraft, and missiles.<ref name=LANL/><ref name=HistoryAndUse/> For these applications, titanium is alloyed with aluminium, zirconium, nickel,<ref name=Kramer-2013-07-05/> vanadium, and other elements to manufacture a variety of components including critical structural parts, [[landing gear]], [[firewall (engine)|firewalls]], exhaust ducts (helicopters), and hydraulic systems. In fact, about two thirds of all titanium metal produced is used in aircraft engines and frames.<ref name=Emsley2001p454/> The [[titanium 6AL-4V]] alloy accounts for almost 50% of all alloys used in aircraft applications.<ref>{{harvnb|Donachie|1988|p=13}}</ref>

The [[Lockheed A-12]] and the [[SR-71 Blackbird|SR-71 "Blackbird"]] were two of the first aircraft frames where titanium was used, paving the way for much wider use in modern military and commercial aircraft. A large amount of titanium mill products are used in the production of many aircraft, such as (following values are amount of raw mill products used, only a fraction of this ends up in the finished aircraft): 116&nbsp;metric tons are used in the [[Boeing 787]], 77 in the [[Airbus A380]], 59 in the [[Boeing 777]], 45 in the [[Boeing 747]], 32 in the [[Airbus A340]], 18 in the [[Boeing 737]], 18 in the [[Airbus A330]], and 12 in the [[Airbus A320]].<ref>{{cite book |editor=Froes, F.H. |year=2015 |title=Titanium Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications |page=7 |isbn=978-1-62708-080-4 |publisher=[[ASM International (society)|ASM International]] }}</ref> In aero engine applications, titanium is used for rotors, compressor blades, hydraulic system components, and [[nacelle]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-10 |title=Titanium in Aerospace – Titanium |url=https://titaniumthemetal.org/blog/titanium-in-aerospace/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanium Metal (Ti) / Sponge / Titanium Powder |url=https://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/documents/13cr5152.pdf |access-date=May 8, 2024 |website=www.lb7.uscourts.gov}}</ref> An early use in jet engines was for the [[Orenda Iroquois]] in the 1950s.{{bcn|date=January 2022}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Iroquois |year=1957 |website=Flight Global (archive) |page=412 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201324.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213041629/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201324.html |archive-date=13 December 2009 }}</ref>

Because titanium is resistant to corrosion by sea water, it is used to make propeller shafts, rigging, [[heat exchanger]]s in [[desalination plant]]s,<ref name="LANL" /> heater-chillers for salt water aquariums, fishing line and leader, and divers' knives. Titanium is used in the housings and components of ocean-deployed surveillance and monitoring devices for science and military. The former [[Soviet Union]] developed techniques for making submarines with hulls of titanium alloys,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Unravelling a Cold War Mystery |url=https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/static/the-ALFA-SSN.pdf |access-date=May 8, 2024 |website=[[CIA]]}}</ref> forging titanium in huge vacuum tubes.<ref name=Kramer-2013-07-05>{{cite news |author=Kramer, Andrew E. |date=5 July 2013 |title=Titanium Fills Vital Role for Boeing and Russia |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/06/business/global/titanium-fills-vital-role-for-boeing-and-russia.html |access-date=6 July 2013}}</ref>