Editing Talmud (section)

==Translations==
{{Editions of the Talmud}}
There are six contemporary translations of the Talmud into English:

=== Steinsaltz ===
* [[Adin Steinsaltz]] began his translation of the Babylonian Talmud into modern Hebrew (the original is mostly Aramaic with some Mishnaic Hebrew) in 1969 and completed it in 2010. (He also translated some tractates of the Jerusalem Talmud.) The Hebrew edition is printed in two formats: the original one in a new layout and the later one in the format of the traditional Vilna Talmud page; both are available in several sizes. The first attempt to translate the Steinsaltz edition into English was ''[[The Talmud: The Steinsaltz Edition]]'' (Random House), which contains the original Hebrew-Aramaic text with punctuation and an English translation based on Steinsaltz' complete [[Hebrew language]] translation of and commentary on the entire Talmud. This edition began to be released in 1989 but was never completed; only four tractates were printed in 21 volumes, with a matching Reference Guide translated from a separate work of Steinsaltz. Portions of the Steinsaltz Talmud have also been translated into French, Russian, and other languages.
* The Noé Edition of the ''Koren Talmud Bavli'', published by [[Koren Publishers Jerusalem]] was launched in 2012. It has a new, modern English translation and the commentary of [[Adin Steinsaltz]], and was praised for its "beautiful page" with "clean type".<ref>[http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-life-and-religion/123338/queen-for-a-day "Queen for a Day"], ''Tablet Magazine'', 5 February 2013</ref> From the right side cover (the front side of Hebrew and Aramaic books), [[The Talmud: The Steinsaltz Edition|the Steinsaltz Talmud]] edition has the traditional Vilna page with vowels and punctuation in the original Aramaic text. The [[Rashi]] commentary appears in [[Rashi script]] with vowels and punctuation. From the left side cover the edition features bilingual text with side-by-side English/Aramaic translation. The margins include color maps, illustrations and notes based on [[Adin Steinsaltz]]'s [[Hebrew language]] translation and commentary of the Talmud. [[Tzvi Hersh Weinreb]] serves as the Editor-in-Chief. The entire set was completed in 42 volumes.
*In February 2017, the ''William Davidson Talmud'' was released to [[Sefaria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Talmud (William Davidson)|url=http://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud|website=sefaria.org
|access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref> This translation is a version of the Noé Steinsaltz edition above, which was released under [[creative commons]] license.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.jta.org/2017/02/07/news-opinion/united-states/with-full-talmud-translation-online-library-hopes-to-make-sages-accessible
|title=With full Talmud translation, online library hopes to make sages accessible |website=jta.org
|publisher=JTA ([[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]]) |date=2017-02-07}}</ref>

=== Artscroll ===
[[File:Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud.jpg|thumb|The Schottenstein Babylonian Talmud in a synagogue in [[Raanana]], Israel]]
* The ''[[Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud|Schottenstein Edition of the Talmud]]'' ([[Artscroll]]/Mesorah Publications), is 73 volumes,<ref>{{cite news
   |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/10/books/an-english-talmud-for-daily-readers-and-debaters.html
   |title=An English Talmud for Daily Readers and Debaters
   |author=Joseph Berger |work=The New York Times
 |date=February 10, 2005 |access-date=July 12, 2022}}</ref> in an English translation edition<ref>Maroon-colored</ref> and a Hebrew translation edition.<ref>Blue</ref> In the translated editions, each English or Hebrew page faces the Aramaic/Hebrew page it translates. Each Aramaic/Hebrew page of Talmud typically requires three to six English or Hebrew pages of translation and notes. The Aramaic/Hebrew pages are printed in the traditional Vilna format, with a gray bar added that shows the section translated on the facing page. The facing pages provide an expanded paraphrase in English or Hebrew, with translation of the text shown in bold and explanations interspersed in normal type, along with extensive footnotes. Pages are numbered in the traditional way but with a superscript added, e.g. 12b<sup>4</sup> is the fourth page translating the Vilna page 12b. Larger tractates require multiple volumes. The first volume was published in 1990, and the series was completed in 2004.

=== Soncino ===
* [[Soncino Press#Soncino Talmud|''The Soncino Talmud'']] (34 volumes, 1935–1948, with an additional index volume published in 1952 and a two-volume translation of the Minor Tractates later),<ref>{{citation |url=https://halakhah.com/tcontents.html |title=Soncino Babylonian Talmud}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://seforimblog.com/2021/08/in-praise-of-the-soncino-talmud |title=In Praise of the Soncino Talmud |author=David S Farkas |date=29 August 2021 |access-date=July 11, 2022}}</ref> [[Isidore Epstein]], Soncino Press. An 18 volume edition was published in 1961. Notes on each page provide additional background material. This translation: {{citation |title=Soncino Babylonian Talmud |url=https://halakhah.com/tcontents.html}} is published both in English and in a parallel text edition, in which each English page faces the Aramaic/Hebrew page. It is also available on CD-ROM. Complete.
*In addition, a 7x5in travel or pocket edition<ref>{{citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyU9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA513
    |title=Essays on the Making of the Early Hebrew Book
    |author=Marvin J. Heller  |year=2021  |page=513
    |publisher=BRILL
 |isbn=9789004441163
 |quote=However, in the Rebecca Bennet Publications (1959) Soncino edition}}</ref> was published in 1959. This edition opens from the left for English and the notes, and from the right for the Aramaic, which, unlike the other editions, does not use standard Vilna Talmud page; instead, another older edition is used, in which each standard Talmud page is divided in two.<ref>64 volumes, including index and 'minor tractates'" {{citation |url=https://www.biblio.com/book/babylonian-talmud-64-volume-set-english/d/1017057179
  |title=New York: Rebecca Bennet, 1959. Set of sixty-four volumes in English and Hebrew |access-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref>

=== Other English translations ===
* ''The Talmud of Babylonia. An American Translation'', [[Jacob Neusner]], Tzvee Zahavy, others. Atlanta: 1984–1995: Scholars Press for Brown Judaic Studies. Complete.
* ''Rodkinson'': Portions<ref>Jewish Encyclopedia article, http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6409-frumkin-israel-dob-bar, per [[Michael L. Rodkinson]]</ref> of the Babylonian Talmud  were translated by [[Michael L. Rodkinson]] (1903). It has been linked to online, for copyright reasons (initially it was the only freely available translation on the web), but this has been wholly superseded by the Soncino translation. (see below, under [[#Full text resources|Full text resources]]).
* The Babylonian Talmud: A Translation and Commentary, edited by Jacob Neusner<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Babylonian Talmud: A Translation and Commentary|last=Neusner|first=Jacob|year=2011|publisher=Hendrickson Pub|isbn=9781598565263
|edition=22-Volume Set|location=Peabody, Mass|language=en}}</ref> and translated by Jacob Neusner, Tzvee Zahavy, Alan Avery-Peck, B. Barry Levy, Martin S. Jaffe, and Peter Haas, Hendrickson Pub; 22-Volume Set Ed., 2011. It is a revision of  "The Talmud of Babylonia: An Academic Commentary," published by the University of South Florida Academic Commentary Series (1994–1999). Neusner gives commentary on transition in use langes from Biblical Aramaic to Biblical Hebrew. Neusner also gives references to Mishnah, Torah, and other classical works in Orthodox Judaism.

=== Translations into other languages ===
*The ''[[Extractiones de Talmud]]'', a [[Latin]] translation of some 1,922 passages from the Talmud, was made in Paris in 1244–1245. It survives in two recensions. There is a [[critical edition]] of the sequential recension:
*{{cite book |title=Extractiones de Talmud per ordinem sequentialem |editor-first1=Ulisse |editor-last1=Cecini |editor-first2=Óscar Luis de la |editor-last2=Cruz Palma |series=Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 291 |year=2018 |publisher=Brepols}}
*A circa 1000 CE translation of (some parts of)<ref>the source reads "he translated into Arabic part of the six Orders of the Mishnah"</ref> the Talmud to Arabic is mentioned in [[Sefer ha-Qabbalah]]. This version was commissioned by the [[Fatimid]] Caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] and was carried out by [[Joseph ibn Abitur]].<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/334-abitur-joseph-ben-isaac-ben-stans-ibn Jewish Encyclopedia article], per Joseph ibn Abitur</ref>
*The Talmud was translated by [[Shimon Moyal]] into Arabic in 1909.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Jonathan Marc Gribetz
|title=An Arabic-Zionist Talmud: Shimon Moyal's At-Talmud|journal=Jewish Social Studies|date=Fall 2010|volume=17
|pages=1–4|issue=1|doi=10.2979/jewisocistud.17.1.1 |jstor=10.2979/JEWISOCISTUD.17.1.1 |s2cid=162749270 |url=https://doi.org/10.2979/JEWISOCISTUD.17.1.1}}</ref> There is one translation of the Talmud into Arabic, published in 2012 in Jordan by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. The translation was carried out by a group of 90 Muslim and Christian scholars.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4229886,00.html|title=Introducing: Talmud in Arabic|date=19 May 2012|website=Ynetnews|last1=Marlios|first1=Itamar}}</ref> The introduction was characterized by Raquel Ukeles, Curator of the Israel National Library's Arabic collection, as "racist", but she considers the translation itself as "not bad".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4237798,00.html|title=Arab translation of Talmud includes anti-Israeli messages|newspaper=Ynetnews|year=2012|last1=Marlios|first1=Itamar}}</ref>

*In 2018 Muslim-majority [[Albania]] co-hosted an event at the United Nations with Catholic-majority Italy and Jewish-majority Israel celebrating the translation of the Talmud into Italian for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Schwartz |first=Penny |url=https://www.jta.org/2018/09/29/united-states/muslim-country-catholic-country-jewish-country-celebrate-talmud-together-no-joke |title=A Muslim country, Catholic country and Jewish country celebrate the Talmud together. No joke.|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=29 October 2018|access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> Albanian UN Ambassador [[Besiana Kadare]] opined: "Projects like the Babylonian Talmud Translation open a new lane in intercultural and interfaith dialogue, bringing hope and understanding among people, the right tools to counter prejudice, stereotypical thinking and discrimination. By doing so, we think that we strengthen our social traditions, peace, stability — and we also counter violent extremist tendencies."<ref>{{cite web|last=Oster |first=Marcy |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/muslim-country-catholic-country-jewish-country-celebrate-talmud-at-un-no-joke/ |title=Muslim country, Catholic country, Jewish country celebrate Talmud at UN. No joke |work=The Times of Israel |date=30 September 2018 |access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref>
*In 2012, a first volume of the Talmud Bavli was published in Spanish by Tashema. It was translated in Jerusalem under the yeshiva directed by Rav Yaakov Benaim. It includes the translation and explanation of the [[Mishnah]] and [[Gemara]], and the commentaries by [[Rashi]] and [[Tosafot]]. By 2023, 19 volumes have been published.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PROYECTO {{!}} TaShema – El Talmud en Español {{!}} Jerusalem |url=https://www.tashema.es/proyecto |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=Tashema |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Shalom: Qué es Tashema {{!}} RTVE Play |date=2013-05-19 |url=https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/shalom/shalom-que-es-tashema/1826508/ |access-date=2023-03-28 |language=es}}</ref>