Editing Swastika (section)

===Americas===

[[File:Chromesun 4 uktenas design.jpg|thumb|A digital illustration of [[Horned Serpent]] by the artist Herb Roe. Based on an engraved shell cup in the ''Craig B style'' (designated ''Engraved shell cup number 229''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Linking Spiro's artistic styles: The Copper Connection| author1=Brown, James A. |author2= Rogers, J. Daniel|journal =Southeastern Archaeology| date=23 November 2023 | volume=8 |issue= 1 |pages= | publisher=Allen Press | url= http://projectpast.org/caddo/topic4/brown1989.pdf}}</ref>) from [[:en:Spiro Mounds|Spiro]], Oklahoma.]]
The swastika has been used in the art and iconography of multiple indigenous peoples of North America, including the Hopi, Navajo, and Tlingit.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Michael |date=2009 |title=Art in Daily Life: Native American Collections at the State Historical Society of Iowa |page=102 |work=Iowa Heritage Illustrated |url=https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/ihi/article/id/1388/download/pdf/ |access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref> Swastikas were founds on pottery from the Mississippi valley and on copper objects in the [[Hopewell Culture National Historical Park|Hopewell Mounds]] in [[Ross County, Ohio]], and on objects associated with the [[Southeastern Ceremonial Complex#Motifs|Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (S.E.C.C.)]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Willoughby |first=C. C. |date=1897 |title=An Analysis of the Decorations upon Pottery from the Mississippi Valley |journal=The Journal of American Folklore |volume=10 |issue=36 |pages=9–20 |doi=10.2307/533845 |jstor=533845 |issn=0021-8715}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Freed |first1=Stanley A |url=https://scholarship.rice.edu/bitstream/handle/1911/63402/article_rip661_part6.pdf?sequence=1 |title=Swastika: A New Symbolic Interpretation |last2=Freed |first2=Ruth S |publisher=Rice University Studies |page=93 |language=en}}</ref> To the [[Hopi]] it represents the wandering Hopi clan.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The [[Navajo]] symbol, called ''tsin náálwołí'' ("whirling log"), represents humanity and life, and is used in healing rituals.<ref name="Sanchez-2018">{{Cite web |last=Sanchez |first=Hayley |date=15 August 2018 |title=Those are sacred Navajo Symbols, Not Swastikas, On That Pueblo Art Collector's Rug |url=https://www.cpr.org/2018/08/15/those-are-sacred-navajo-symbols-not-swastikas-on-that-pueblo-art-collectors-rug/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Colorado Public Radio |language=en}}</ref><ref>Dottie Indyke. "[http://www.collectorsguide.com/fa/fa086.shtml The History of an Ancient Human Symbol] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205011620/http://www.collectorsguide.com/fa/fa086.shtml |date=5 December 2004 }}". 4{{spaces}}April 2005. originally from ''The Wingspread Collector's Guide to [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]], [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]] and [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]'', Volume 15.</ref>
A brightly coloured [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] saddle featuring swastika designs is on display at the [[Royal Saskatchewan Museum]] in Canada.<ref>Photo and text, [http://www.royalsaskmuseum.ca/research/faqs/ex_8.shtml "Why is there a Swastika on the saddle in the First Nations Gallery?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118021210/http://www.royalsaskmuseum.ca/research/faqs/ex_8.shtml |date=18 January 2006 }}, Royal [[Saskatchewan]] Museum</ref>

Before the 1930s, the symbol for the [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division of the United States Army]] was a red diamond with a yellow swastika, a tribute to the large Native American population in the southwestern United States. It was later replaced with a [[Thunderbird (mythology)|thunderbird]] symbol.

In the 20th century, traders encouraged Native American artists to use the symbol in their crafts, and it was used by the US Army 45th Infantry Division, an all-Native American division.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Swastika |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-swastika |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Deepa |first=Bharath |date=2022-11-28 |title=Faith groups seek to save sacred swastikas |url=https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2022/nov/28/faith-groups-seek-to-save-sacred-swastikas/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Arkansas Online |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ayres-2021">{{Cite web |last=Ayres |first=Steven |date=June 2021 |title=Reclaiming Sacred Heritage |url=https://www.5ensesmag.com/article/reclaiming-sacred-heritage |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=5enses Magazine}}</ref> The symbol lost popularity in the 1930s due to its associations with Nazi Germany. In 1940, partially due to government encouragement, community leaders from several different Native American tribes made a statement promising to no longer use the symbol.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 1940 |title=Indians Denounce Nazis, Forego Use of Swastika |page=1 |work=St. Joseph Gazette |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36417593/indians-denounce-swastika/}}</ref><ref name="Sanchez-2018" /><ref name="Kane-2017" /><ref name="Ayres-2021" /> However, the symbol has continued to be used by Native American groups, both in reference to the original symbol and as a memorial to the 45th Division, despite external objections to its use.<ref name="Olson" /><ref name="Ayres-2021" /><ref name="Kane-2017">{{Cite web |last=Kane |first=Rich |date=29 August 2017 |title=A group of protesters demanded that a Native American swastika be removed from an SLC market — but were they right? |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/2017/08/29/uproar-at-salt-lake-city-market-raises-decades-old-question-will-the-ancient-native-american-swastika-always-be-a-symbol-of-nazi-hate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324143526/https://www.sltrib.com/news/2017/08/29/uproar-at-salt-lake-city-market-raises-decades-old-question-will-the-ancient-native-american-swastika-always-be-a-symbol-of-nazi-hate/ |archive-date=24 March 2022 |access-date=24 March 2022 |website=Salt Lake City Tribune}}</ref><ref>Brown, Jerome F. "Anti-semitism on campus: the swastika of NMSU." ''Shofar'' (1986): 22–32.</ref><ref>Heller, Steven. ''The swastika: symbol beyond redemption?'' Simon and Schuster, 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2015 |title=Swastika or Whirling Logs? Should the Ancient Native Symbol Stolen by the Nazis Be Reclaimed? |url=https://ictnews.org/archive/swastika-or-whirling-logs-tattoo-artist-reignites-debate-over-ancient-native-symbol |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=ICT News |language=en}}</ref> The symbol was used on state road signs in [[Arizona]] from the 1920s until the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.route66news.com/2006/10/26/swastikas-on-old-arizona-road-maps/|title=Swastikas on old Arizona road maps?|last=Warnick|first=Ron|date=2006-10-26|website=Route 66 News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref>

The town of [[Swastika, Ontario|Swastika, Ontario, Canada]], and the hamlet of [[Swastika, New York]] were named after the symbol.

From 1909 to 1916, the [[K-R-I-T Motor Car Company|K-R-I-T automobile]], manufactured in Detroit, Michigan, used a right-facing swastika as their trademark.

[[File:Flag of Kuna Yala.svg|thumb|right|Flag of the Guna Yala people (since 1925) bears their ancient symbol ''Naa Ukuryaa'']]

The [[Guna people#Flag|flag of the Guna people]] (also "Kuna Yala" or "Guna Yala") of Panama. This flag, adopted in 1925, has a swastika symbol that they call ''Naa Ukuryaa''.  According to one explanation, this ancestral symbol symbolises the octopus that created the world, its tentacles pointing to the four cardinal points.<ref>[http://www.rainforestart.com/creationch.htm ''Chants and Myths about Creation''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051031033352/http://www.rainforestart.com/creationch.htm |date=31 October 2005 }}, from Rainforest Art. Retrieved 25 February 2006.</ref>
In 1942, a ring was added to the centre of the flag to differentiate it from the symbol of the [[Nazi Party]] (this version subsequently fell into disuse).<ref name="Panama - Native Peoples" />

<gallery class="center" widths="187" heights="187" caption="The swastika in North America">
File:William Neptune, Passamaquoddy chief, 1920.jpg|Chief William Neptune of the [[Passamaquoddy]], wearing a headdress and outfit adorned with swastikas
File:Native American basketball team crop.jpg|[[Chilocco Indian Agricultural School]] basketball team in 1909
File:Fernie Swastikas hockey team 1922.jpg|[[Fernie Swastikas]] hockey team in 1922
File:Patch of the 45th Infantry Division (1924-1939).svg|Original insignia of the [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]]
File:The Girls Club of Ladies Home Journal 1912 pillow cover (cropped).jpg|Pillow cover offered by the Girls' Club in ''The Ladies Home Journal'' in 1912
File: Arizona 2 1927.jpg|Arizona state highway marker (1927)
</gallery>