Editing Stanford University (section)

=== Athletics ===
{{Main|Stanford Cardinal}}
[[File:11-04-06-LSJUMB-003.jpg|thumb|The [[Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band]] rallies football fans with arrangements of "All Right Now" and other contemporary music]]
In 2016, Stanford had sixteen male varsity sports and twenty female varsity sports,<ref>[http://www.gostanford.com/ Stanford Sports] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401192801/http://www.gostanford.com/ |date=April 1, 2015 }} Page accessed June 11, 2016</ref> nineteen club sports,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cardinalrec.stanford.edu/clubsports/ |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150409211134/http://cardinalrec.stanford.edu/clubsports/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 9, 2015 |title=Stanford Cardinal Recreation – Club Sports |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=June 11, 2016}}</ref> and about 27 intramural sports.<ref>[https://archive.today/20160614202207/http://cardinalrec.stanford.edu/intramurals/Stanford Cardinal Recreation – Intramural Sports] Page accessed June 11, 2016</ref> The '''Stanford Tree''' is the [[Stanford Band]]'s mascot and the unofficial [[mascot]] of Stanford University. Stanford's team name is the "[[Stanford Cardinal|Cardinal]]", referring to the vivid [[Stanford Cardinal Red]] color (not the [[Northern cardinal|common songbird]] as at several other schools); the university does not have an official mascot. The Tree has been called one of America's most bizarre and controversial college mascots;<ref>{{cite web |last=Howell |first=Sean |date=2005-09-26 |title=How the Card got its color |url=http://daily.stanford.edu/article/2005/9/26/howTheCardGotItsColor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129082745/http://daily.stanford.edu/article/2005/9/26/howTheCardGotItsColor |archive-date=2007-01-29 |access-date=2007-04-14 |website=[[The Stanford Daily]]}}</ref> it regularly appears at the top of Internet "worst mascot" lists,<ref>{{cite web |last=Whitt |first=Richie |date=2008-11-20 |title=The 10 Worst Sports Mascots of All-Time |url=http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/sportatorium/2008/11/the_10_worst_sports_mascots_of.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225103655/https://blogs.dallasobserver.com/sportatorium/2008/11/the_10_worst_sports_mascots_of.php |archive-date=2009-02-25 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=Sportatorium |publisher=[[Dallas Observer]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Golokhov |first=Dave |title=Top 10 Lame Sports Mascots |url=http://www.askmen.com/top_10/fitness/54c_fitness_list.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517003217/https://www.askmen.com/top_10/fitness/54c_fitness_list.html |archive-date=2009-05-17 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=[[AskMen]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 worst college mascots |url=http://msn.foxsports.com/cfb/pgStory?contentId=8654338&MSNHPHCP&GT1=39002#sport=COLLEGE%20FOOTBALL&photo=8652682 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020032214/http://msn.foxsports.com/cfb/pgStory?contentId=8654338&MSNHPHCP&GT1=39002#sport=COLLEGE%20FOOTBALL&photo=8652682 |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 20, 2008 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=[[Fox Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jordan |first=Andrew |date=2009-04-10 |title=The 10 Worst Mascots of All Time |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/154086-10-worst-mascots-of-all-time#page/11 |access-date=2009-09-24 |website=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> but has also appeared on at least one list of top mascots.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hodkowski |first=Ryne |date=2011-10-11 |title=Top 50 Mascots in College Football |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/887515-college-football-top-50-mascots-in-college-football/page/5 |access-date=2012-03-19 |website=[[Bleacher Report]] |archive-date=December 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217073454/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/887515-college-football-top-50-mascots-in-college-football/page/5 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Tree is a member of the [[Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band]] (LSJUMB) and appears at [[American football|football]] games, [[basketball]] games, and other events where the band performs.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tree |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/lsjumb/tree.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307044810/http://www.stanford.edu/group/lsjumb/tree.html |archive-date=2007-03-07 |access-date=2007-04-14 |website=[[Stanford Band]] |publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref>

In 1930, following a unanimous vote by the executive committee for the Associated Students, the athletic department adopted a new mascot (Indian). The Indian symbol and name were dropped by President [[Richard Wall Lyman|Richard Lyman]] in 1972, after objections from [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] students and a vote by the student senate.<ref name="mascot">{{cite web |title=What is the history of Stanford's mascot and nickname? |url=http://www.gostanford.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=30600&ATCLID=208445366 |publisher=Stanford Athletics |date=July 7, 2015 |access-date=July 7, 2015 |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708093921/http://www.gostanford.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=30600&ATCLID=208445366 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Stanford is a member of the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] in most sports, the [[Mountain Pacific Sports Federation]] in several other sports, and the [[America East Conference]] in [[field hockey]] with the participation in the inter-collegiate [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA's]] [[NCAA Division I|Division I]] [[Football Bowl Subdivision|FBS]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.americaeast.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_LANG=C&DB_OEM_ID=14000&ATCLID=209720287 |title=Cal, UC Davis, Pacific, Stanford Added As #AEFH Associate Members |publisher=America East Conference |date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=November 17, 2014}}</ref> The two official colors of the university are [[Stanford Cardinal Red]] and [[Palo Alto Green]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Color – Identity Guide |url=https://identity.stanford.edu/design-elements/color/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130232613/https://identity.stanford.edu/design-elements/color/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

From 1930 until 1972, Stanford's sports teams had been known as the Indians and during the period from 1951 to 1972, Prince Lightfoot (portrayed by Timm Williams, a member of the [[Yurok tribe]]) was the official mascot. But in 1972, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] students and staff members successfully lobbied University President [[Richard Wall Lyman|Richard Lyman]] to abolish the "[[Native American name controversy|Indian]]" name along with what they had come to perceive as an offensive and demeaning mascot. Stanford's teams reverted unofficially to the name "Cardinal", the color that had represented the school before 1930.<ref>{{cite web |title=Native American History at Stanford |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/nacc/timeline.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020306153421/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/nacc/timeline.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 6, 2002 |access-date=2007-04-14 |website=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref>

From 1972 until 1981, Stanford’s official nickname was the Cardinal, but, during this time, there was debate among students and administrators concerning what the mascot and team name should be. A 1972 student referendum on the issue was in favor of restoring the Indian, while a second 1975 referendum was against. The 1975 vote included new suggestions, many alluding to the industry of the school's founder, [[tycoon]] [[Leland Stanford]]: the [[Robber baron (industrialist)|Robber Barons]], the Sequoias, the Trees, the Cardinals, the Railroaders, the Spikes, and the Huns.
Its traditional sports rival is the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. The winner of the annual "[[Big Game (American football)|Big Game]]" between the [[California Golden Bears football|Cal]] and [[Stanford Cardinal football|Cardinal]] football teams gains custody of [[the Stanford Axe]].<ref>Jay Matthews for Newsweek. August 8, 2008 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140316091327/http://www.newsweek.com/12-top-college-rivalries-country-87831 The 12 Top College Rivalries in the Country]</ref> 

As of May 23, 2024, Stanford has won 136 NCAA team championships, more than any other school. Stanford has won at least one NCAA team championship each academic year for 48 consecutive years, from 1976–77 through to 2023–24.<ref name=Champions>{{cite web |title=NCAA Champs|url=https://gostanford.com/news/2024/5/22/womens-golf-ncaa-champs.aspx |publisher=Stanford University Athletics |access-date=May 22, 2024}}</ref> As of January 1, 2022, Stanford athletes have also won 529 NCAA individual championships. No other Division I school is within 100 of Stanford's total.<ref>{{cite web |title=Championships Summary |work=NCAA website |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |access-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-date=March 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320185655/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/champs_records_book/Overall.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Stanford have won 25 consecutive NACDA Directors' Cups, from 1994–1995 through to 2018–19, awarded annually to the most successful overall college sports program in the nation.<ref name=Champions/> 177 Stanford-affiliated athletes have won a total of 296 Summer Olympic medals (150 gold, 79 silver, 67 bronze), including 26 medals at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and 27 medals at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics.<ref name=Champions/> In the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, Stanford-affiliated athletes won 26 medals, more than any other university.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gostanford.com/news/2016/7/1/athletics-stanford-olympic-history.aspx |title=Olympic Medal History |work=Stanford Medicine |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815175534/https://gostanford.com/news/2016/7/1/athletics-stanford-olympic-history.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>