Editing Robert II of France (section)

====A period of full economic growth====
[[File:Mittelrheinischer Meister des 13. Jahrhunderts 001.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Fragment (single leaf) of a ''Speculum Viriginum'' ms., late 13th or early 14th century. The illustration showing the "Three Conditions of Woman", viz. virgins, widows and married wives, in a harvest allegory; the virgins reap hundredfold, the widows sixtyfold, the wives thirtyfold. [[Bonn]], Rheinisches Landesmuseum.]]
If the 9th century looting have significantly slowed the economy, it is sustained expansion from the 10th century. Indeed, with the establishment of a decentralized defense, the Banal Lordship brought a response well adapted to the rapid Saracen or Viking raids. It becomes more profitable for thieves to settle in an area, get a tribute against the tranquility of the population and trade, rather than wage war, and this from the 10th century.<ref>Michel Balard, Jean-Philippe Genet and Michel Rouche, ''Le Moyen Âge en Occident'' (in French). Hachette, 2003, p. 89.</ref> The Vikings thus participate fully in the process of feudalisation and in the economic expansion which accompanies it. They must dispose of their booty, and they mint coins from the precious metals that were hoarded in looted religious goods. This cash, which is reinjected into the economy,{{sfn|Contamine|Bompaire|Lebecq|Sarrazin|2004|p=92}} is a leading catalyst for the ongoing economic transformation. The global money supply increases as much as with the weakening of the central power more and more bishops and princes coin money. However, the growing monetization of the economy is a powerful catalyst: farmers can take advantage of their agricultural surpluses and are motivated to increase their production capacity through the use of new techniques and the increase in cultivable areas through land clearing. The establishment of common law contributes to this development because the producer must generate enough profits to be able to pay the taxes. The lords also reinject this cash into the economy because one of the main criteria for belonging to the nobility in full structuring is to have a broad and expensive behavior towards its counterparts (this behavior being moreover necessary for ensure the loyalty of its ''militias'').{{sfn|Contamine|Bompaire|Lebecq|Sarrazin|2004|p=153}}

In fact, in certain regions, the mottes play a pioneering role in the agrarian conquest of the ''saltus''. During this time, were also developed more constantly the ''[[Thiérache]]'', it is "to the [[Clearing (geography)|clearing]] of land returned to the forest that the first castral movement is linked". In Cinglais, a region south of [[Caen]], the primitive castles had settled on the borders of forest complexes.{{sfn|Bonnassie|1990|p=45}} In all cases, the castral establishment on the outskirts of the village is very common.{{sfn|Barthélemy|1990|p=105}} This phenomenon is part of a very anchored and ancient linear population which is juxtaposed with an early clearing that was certainly Carolingian well prior to the castral phenomenon. Nonetheless, the charters of northern France confirmed an intensive clearing activity still present until the middle of the 12th century and even beyond.

On the other hand, the lords as well as the clergy saw the interest in stimulating and benefiting from this economic expansion: they favored the clearing and the construction of new villages, and they invested in equipment increasing production capacities (mills, presses, ovens, plows, etc.) and transport (bridges, roads, etc.). Especially since these infrastructures can increase the income banal, levy [[Toll (fee)|tolls]] and ''tonlieu''s.{{sfn|Contamine|Bompaire|Lebecq|Sarrazin|2004|p=164}} In fact, increased trade leads to the proliferation of roads and markets (the network that is set up is immensely denser and ramified than what could have existed in Antiquity).{{sfn|Contamine|Bompaire|Lebecq|Sarrazin|2004|p=191}} These bridges, villages and markets are therefore built under the protection of a lord which is materialized by a castle mound. The power squire filter exchanges of any kind that amplify from the 11th century. We see many ''castras'' located on important roads, sources of a considerable financial contribution for the lord of the place. For [[Picardy]], [[Robert Fossier]] noticed that nearly 35% of the sites that can be located in village lands are located on or near Roman roads, and that 55% of road and river nodes had fortified points.<ref>''La mainmise sur les échanges: routes et péages'' (in French). ''Archéologie médiévale'', XI, 1981, pp. 121–122.</ref>