Editing Rice (section)

==Ecotypes and cultivars==

{{ Main |List of rice cultivars }}

[[File:Rice diversity.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|A few of the many cultivars in [[IRRI]]'s rice seed collection ]]

The [[International Rice Research Institute]] maintains the International Rice Genebank, which holds over 100,000 rice varieties.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irri.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=9960&lang=en |title=The International Rice Genebank – conserving rice |publisher=[[International Rice Research Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023054703/http://irri.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=9960&lang=en |archive-date=October 23, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Jackson |first=M. T. |title=Conservation of rice genetic resources: the role of the International Rice Genebank at IRRI |journal=[[Plant Molecular Biology]] |volume=35 |issue=1–2 |pages=61–67 |date=September 1997 |pmid=9291960 |doi=10.1023/A:1005709332130 |s2cid=3360337 }}</ref> Much of southeast Asia grows [[sticky rice|sticky]] or glutinous rice varieties.<ref name="Sattaka 2016">{{Cite journal |last=Sattaka |first=Patcha |date=December 27, 2016 |title=Geographical Distribution of Glutinous Rice in the Greater Mekong Sub-region |url=https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mekongjournal/article/view/73311 |journal=Journal of Mekong Societies |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=27–48 |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |access-date=November 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108105756/https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mekongjournal/article/view/73311 |url-status=live }}</ref> High-yield cultivars of rice suitable for cultivation in Africa, called the [[New Rice for Africa]] (NERICA), have been developed to improve [[food security]] and alleviate poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=NERICA: Rice for Life |publisher=[[Africa Rice Center]] (WARDA) |year=2001 |url=http://www.warda.cgiar.org/publications/NERICA8.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031204153208/http://www.warda.cgiar.org/publications/NERICA8.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2003 |accessdate=July 7, 2008}}</ref>

The complete [[genome]] of rice was [[Whole genome sequencing|sequenced]] in 2005, making it the first crop plant to reach this status.<ref name="Gillis 2005">{{cite news |last=Gillis |first=Justin |date=August 11, 2005 |title=Rice Genome Fully Mapped |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/10/AR2005081001054.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330212346/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/10/AR2005081001054.html |archive-date=March 30, 2017 |access-date=September 10, 2017 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> 
Since then, the genomes of hundreds of types of rice, both wild and cultivated, and including both Asian and African rice species, have been sequenced.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shang |first1=Lianguang |last2=Li |first2=Xiaoxia |last3=He |first3=Huiying |last4=Yuan |first4=Qiaoling |last5=Song |first5=Yanni |last6=Wei |first6=Zhaoran |last7=Lin |first7=Hai |last8=Hu |first8=Min |last9=Zhao |first9=Fengli |last10=Zhang |first10=Chao |last11=Li |first11=Yuhua |last12=Gao |first12=Hongsheng |last13=Wang |first13=Tianyi |last14=Liu |first14=Xiangpei |last15=Zhang |first15=Hong |display-authors=5 |date=2022 |title=A super pan-genomic landscape of rice |journal=[[Cell Research]] |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=878–896 |doi=10.1038/s41422-022-00685-z |pmc=9525306 |pmid=35821092}}</ref>