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== In religion == * In [[Christianity]], red is associated with the [[blood of Christ]] and the sacrifice of [[Christian martyr|martyrs]]. In the [[Roman Catholic Church]] it is also associated with [[pentecost]] and the Holy Spirit. Since 1295, it is the color worn by Cardinals, the senior clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. Red is the [[liturgical color]] for the feasts of martyrs, representing the blood of those who suffered death for their faith. It is sometimes used as the liturgical color for [[Holy Week]], including [[Palm Sunday]] and [[Good Friday]], although this is a modern (20th-century) development. In Catholic practice, it is also the liturgical color used to commemorate the Holy Spirit (for this reason it is worn at Pentecost and during Confirmation masses). Because of its association with martyrdom and the Spirit, it is also the color used to commemorate saints who were martyred, such as St. George and all the Apostles (except for the Apostle St. John, who was not martyred, where white is used). As such, it is used to commemorate bishops, who are the successors of the Apostles (for this reason, when funeral masses are held for bishops, cardinals, or popes, red is used instead of the white that would ordinarily be used). * In [[Buddhism]], red is one of the five colors which are said to have emanated from the [[Buddha]] when he attained enlightenment, or [[nirvana]]. It is particularly associated with the benefits of the practice of Buddhism; achievement, wisdom, virtue, fortune and dignity. It was also believed to have the power to resist evil. In China red was commonly used for the walls, pillars, and gates of temples. * In the [[Shinto]] religion of Japan, the gateways of temples, called [[torii]], are traditionally painted vermilion red and black. The torii symbolizes the passage from the profane world to a sacred place. The bridges in the gardens of Japanese temples are also painted red (and usually only temple bridges are red, not bridges in ordinary gardens), since they are also passages to sacred places. Red was also considered a color which could expel evil and disease. * In [[Taoism]], red is sometimes used to symbolize [[Yin and yang|yang]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50204221 |title=The World Book Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Scott Fetzer Company]] |year=2003 |isbn=0-7166-0103-6 |edition= |volume=19 |location=Chicago |pages=36 |oclc=50204221 |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2009-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727022855/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50204221 |url-status=live }}</ref> * In [[Chinese folk religion]], red is also sometimes used to symbolize yang in the context of the creator [[Pangu]], who hatched out of a [[World egg|cosmic egg]] colored like a ''[[taijitu]]''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Ni |first=Xueting C. |title=Chinese Myths: From Cosmology and Folklore to Gods and Immortals |publisher=Amber Books |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-83886-263-3 |location=London |pages=13}}</ref> Some art of Pangu colored yang as red.<ref name=":5" /> In addition, red is also an auspicious color according to Chinese beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|work=[[ASTV Manager]]|language=thai|url=https://mgronline.com/china/detail/9640000013049|title=ไขปริศนา ทำไมคนจีนอะไรๆก็ "สีแดง"?|date=2024-08-17|accessdate=2021-02-10|first=Yuthachai|last=Anansakranon}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> Itsukushima torii angle.jpg|A [[Shinto]] [[torii]] at [[Itsukushima]], Japan John Paul II funeral long shot.jpg|Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church at the funeral of Pope [[John Paul II]] Debating Monks.JPG|[[Buddhist]] monks in [[Tibet]] Ravi Varma-Lakshmi.jpg|In [[Hinduism]], red is associated with [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of wealth and embodiment of beauty. Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (160).jpg|Red flags in a celebration of [[Muharram]] in [[Iran]] </gallery>
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